Android Fragment 完全解析

参考文章:http://blog.csdn.net/guolin_blog/article/details/8881711 http://blog.csdn.net/guolin_blog/article/details/13171191 Android Fragment应用实战,使用碎片向ActivityGroup说再见

界面如下:

实现步骤:

程序结构:

  1. 编写主界面的xml文件
    1. <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
    2. <LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    3.     android:orientation="vertical"
    4.     android:layout_width="fill_parent"
    5.     android:layout_height="fill_parent">
    6.  
    7.     <FrameLayout
    8.         android:layout_width="match_parent"
    9.         android:layout_height="0dp"
    10.         android:layout_weight="1"
    11.         android:id="@+id/content">
    12.     </FrameLayout>
    13.         <LinearLayout
    14.             android:layout_width="match_parent"
    15.             android:layout_height="60dp"
    16.             android:background="@drawable/tab_bg">
    17.             <RelativeLayout
    18.                 android:layout_width="0dp"
    19.                 android:layout_height="match_parent"
    20.                 android:layout_weight="1"
    21.                 android:id="@+id/message_layout">
    22.                 <LinearLayout
    23.                     android:layout_width="match_parent"
    24.                     android:layout_height="wrap_content"
    25.                     android:layout_centerVertical="true"
    26.                     android:orientation="vertical">
    27.                     <ImageView
    28.                         android:layout_width="wrap_content"
    29.                         android:layout_height="wrap_content"
    30.                         android:layout_gravity="center_horizontal"
    31.                         android:src="@drawable/message_unselected"
    32.                         android:id="@+id/message_image"/>
    33.                     <TextView
    34.                         android:layout_width="wrap_content"
    35.                         android:layout_height="wrap_content"
    36.                         android:layout_gravity="center_horizontal"
    37.                         android:text="消息"
    38.                         android:id="@+id/message_text"
    39.                         android:textColor="#82858b"/>
    40.                 </LinearLayout>
    41.             </RelativeLayout>
    42.             <RelativeLayout
    43.                 android:layout_width="0dp"
    44.                 android:layout_height="match_parent"
    45.                 android:layout_weight="1"
    46.                 android:id="@+id/contacts_layout">
    47.                 <LinearLayout
    48.                     android:layout_width="match_parent"
    49.                     android:layout_height="wrap_content"
    50.                     android:layout_centerVertical="true"
    51.                     android:orientation="vertical">
    52.                     <ImageView
    53.                         android:layout_width="wrap_content"
    54.                         android:layout_height="wrap_content"
    55.                         android:layout_gravity="center_horizontal"
    56.                         android:src="@drawable/contacts_unselected"
    57.                         android:id="@+id/contacts_image"/>
    58.                     <TextView
    59.                         android:layout_width="wrap_content"
    60.                         android:layout_height="wrap_content"
    61.                         android:layout_gravity="center_horizontal"
    62.                         android:text="联系人"
    63.                         android:id="@+id/contacts_text"
    64.                         android:textColor="#82858b"/>
    65.                 </LinearLayout>
    66.             </RelativeLayout>
    67.             <RelativeLayout
    68.                 android:layout_width="0dp"
    69.                 android:layout_height="match_parent"
    70.                 android:layout_weight="1"
    71.                 android:id="@+id/news_layout">
    72.                 <LinearLayout
    73.                     android:layout_width="match_parent"
    74.                     android:layout_height="wrap_content"
    75.                     android:layout_centerVertical="true"
    76.                     android:orientation="vertical">
    77.                     <ImageView
    78.                         android:layout_width="wrap_content"
    79.                         android:layout_height="wrap_content"
    80.                         android:layout_gravity="center_horizontal"
    81.                         android:src="@drawable/news_unselected"
    82.                         android:id="@+id/news_image"/>
    83.                     <TextView
    84.                         android:layout_width="wrap_content"
    85.                         android:layout_height="wrap_content"
    86.                         android:layout_gravity="center_horizontal"
    87.                         android:text="动态"
    88.                         android:id="@+id/news_text"
    89.                         android:textColor="#82858b"/>
    90.                 </LinearLayout>
    91.             </RelativeLayout>
    92.             <RelativeLayout
    93.                 android:layout_width="0dp"
    94.                 android:layout_height="match_parent"
    95.                 android:layout_weight="1"
    96.                 android:id="@+id/setting_layout">
    97.                 <LinearLayout
    98.                     android:layout_width="match_parent"
    99.                     android:layout_height="wrap_content"
    100.                     android:layout_centerVertical="true"
    101.                     android:orientation="vertical">
    102.                     <ImageView
    103.                         android:layout_width="wrap_content"
    104.                         android:layout_height="wrap_content"
    105.                         android:layout_gravity="center_horizontal"
    106.                         android:src="@drawable/setting_unselected"
    107.                         android:id="@+id/setting_image"/>
    108.                     <TextView
    109.                         android:layout_width="wrap_content"
    110.                         android:layout_height="wrap_content"
    111.                         android:layout_gravity="center_horizontal"
    112.                         android:text="设置"
    113.                         android:id="@+id/setting_text"
    114.                         android:textColor="#82858b"/>
    115.                 </LinearLayout>
    116.             </RelativeLayout>
    117.         </LinearLayout>
    118.  
    119. </LinearLayout>

    效果图如下:

    这里面最上方是一个frameLayout,下面是一个大的LinearLayout套了四个RelativeLayout,每个RelativeLayout 里面有套了一个LinearLayout,然后此线性布局下面放了一个imageview和Textview。

    其中,四个相对布局都是用的weight权重来实现的。

     

  2. 分别编写每个fragment的xml。
    1. <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
    2. <RelativeLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android" android:layout_width="match_parent"
    3.     android:layout_height="match_parent">
    4.  
    5.     <LinearLayout
    6.         android:layout_width="wrap_content"
    7.         android:layout_height="wrap_content"
    8.         android:orientation="vertical"
    9.         android:layout_centerInParent="true">
    10.         <ImageView
    11.             android:layout_width="wrap_content"
    12.             android:layout_height="wrap_content"
    13.             android:layout_gravity="center_horizontal"
    14.             android:src="@drawable/message_selected"/>
    15.         <TextView
    16.             android:layout_width="wrap_content"
    17.             android:layout_height="wrap_content"
    18.             android:layout_gravity="center_horizontal"
    19.             android:padding="10dp"
    20.             android:text="这是消息界面"
    21.             android:textSize="20sp"/>
    22.     </LinearLayout>
    23. </RelativeLayout>

    只举一个实例,其他一样。

  3. 为每个xml 定义各自的Fragment
    1. package com.example.FragmentDemo;
    2.  
    3. import android.app.Fragment;
    4. import android.os.Bundle;
    5. import android.view.LayoutInflater;
    6. import android.view.View;
    7. import android.view.ViewGroup;
    8.  
    9. /**
    10.  * Created by zhuxuekui on 2015/5/18.
    11.  */
    12. public class MessageFragment extends Fragment {
    13.     @Override
    14.     public View onCreateView(LayoutInflater inflater, ViewGroup container, Bundle savedInstanceState) {
    15.         View messageLayout = inflater.inflate(R.layout.message_layout,container,false);
    16.         return messageLayout;
    17.     }
    18. }
  4. 编写业务逻辑层
    1. /**
    2.  * 项目的主Activity,所有的Fragment都嵌入在这里。
    3.  *
    4.  * @author guolin
    5.  */
    6. public class MainActivity extends Activity implements OnClickListener {
    7.  
    8.    /**
    9.     * 用于展示消息的Fragment
    10.     */
    11.    private MessageFragment messageFragment;
    12.  
    13.    /**
    14.     * 用于展示联系人的Fragment
    15.     */
    16.    private ContactsFragment contactsFragment;
    17.  
    18.    /**
    19.     * 用于展示动态的Fragment
    20.     */
    21.    private NewsFragment newsFragment;
    22.  
    23.    /**
    24.     * 用于展示设置的Fragment
    25.     */
    26.    private SettingFragment settingFragment;
    27.  
    28.    /**
    29.     * 消息界面布局
    30.     */
    31.    private View messageLayout;
    32.  
    33.    /**
    34.     * 联系人界面布局
    35.     */
    36.    private View contactsLayout;
    37.  
    38.    /**
    39.     * 动态界面布局
    40.     */
    41.    private View newsLayout;
    42.  
    43.    /**
    44.     * 设置界面布局
    45.     */
    46.    private View settingLayout;
    47.  
    48.    /**
    49.     * 在Tab布局上显示消息图标的控件
    50.     */
    51.    private ImageView messageImage;
    52.  
    53.    /**
    54.     * 在Tab布局上显示联系人图标的控件
    55.     */
    56.    private ImageView contactsImage;
    57.  
    58.    /**
    59.     * 在Tab布局上显示动态图标的控件
    60.     */
    61.    private ImageView newsImage;
    62.  
    63.    /**
    64.     * 在Tab布局上显示设置图标的控件
    65.     */
    66.    private ImageView settingImage;
    67.  
    68.    /**
    69.     * 在Tab布局上显示消息标题的控件
    70.     */
    71.    private TextView messageText;
    72.  
    73.    /**
    74.     * 在Tab布局上显示联系人标题的控件
    75.     */
    76.    private TextView contactsText;
    77.  
    78.    /**
    79.     * 在Tab布局上显示动态标题的控件
    80.     */
    81.    private TextView newsText;
    82.  
    83.    /**
    84.     * 在Tab布局上显示设置标题的控件
    85.     */
    86.    private TextView settingText;
    87.  
    88.    /**
    89.     * 用于对Fragment进行管理
    90.     */
    91.    private FragmentManager fragmentManager;
    92.  
    93.    @Override
    94.    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
    95.       super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
    96.       requestWindowFeature(Window.FEATURE_NO_TITLE);
    97.       setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
    98.       // 初始化布局元素
    99.       initViews();
    100.       fragmentManager = getFragmentManager();
    101.       // 第一次启动时选中第0个tab
    102.       setTabSelection(0);
    103.    }
    104.  
    105.    /**
    106.     * 在这里获取到每个需要用到的控件的实例,并给它们设置好必要的点击事件。
    107.     */
    108.    private void initViews() {
    109.       messageLayout = findViewById(R.id.message_layout);
    110.       contactsLayout = findViewById(R.id.contacts_layout);
    111.       newsLayout = findViewById(R.id.news_layout);
    112.       settingLayout = findViewById(R.id.setting_layout);
    113.       messageImage = (ImageView) findViewById(R.id.message_image);
    114.       contactsImage = (ImageView) findViewById(R.id.contacts_image);
    115.       newsImage = (ImageView) findViewById(R.id.news_image);
    116.       settingImage = (ImageView) findViewById(R.id.setting_image);
    117.       messageText = (TextView) findViewById(R.id.message_text);
    118.       contactsText = (TextView) findViewById(R.id.contacts_text);
    119.       newsText = (TextView) findViewById(R.id.news_text);
    120.       settingText = (TextView) findViewById(R.id.setting_text);
    121.       messageLayout.setOnClickListener(this);
    122.       contactsLayout.setOnClickListener(this);
    123.       newsLayout.setOnClickListener(this);
    124.       settingLayout.setOnClickListener(this);
    125.    }
    126.  
    127.    @Override
    128.    public void onClick(View v) {
    129.       switch (v.getId()) {
    130.       case R.id.message_layout:
    131.          // 当点击了消息tab时,选中第1个tab
    132.          setTabSelection(0);
    133.          break;
    134.       case R.id.contacts_layout:
    135.          // 当点击了联系人tab时,选中第2个tab
    136.          setTabSelection(1);
    137.          break;
    138.       case R.id.news_layout:
    139.          // 当点击了动态tab时,选中第3个tab
    140.          setTabSelection(2);
    141.          break;
    142.       case R.id.setting_layout:
    143.          // 当点击了设置tab时,选中第4个tab
    144.          setTabSelection(3);
    145.          break;
    146.       default:
    147.          break;
    148.       }
    149.    }
    150.  
    151.    /**
    152.     * 根据传入的index参数来设置选中的tab页。
    153.     *
    154.     * @param index
    155.     * 每个tab页对应的下标。0表示消息,1表示联系人,2表示动态,3表示设置。
    156.     */
    157.    private void setTabSelection(int index) {
    158.       // 每次选中之前先清楚掉上次的选中状态
    159.       clearSelection();
    160.       // 开启一个Fragment事务
    161.       FragmentTransaction transaction = fragmentManager.beginTransaction();
    162.       // 先隐藏掉所有的Fragment,以防止有多个Fragment显示在界面上的情况
    163.       hideFragments(transaction);
    164.       switch (index) {
    165.       case 0:
    166.          // 当点击了消息tab时,改变控件的图片和文字颜色
    167.          messageImage.setImageResource(R.drawable.message_selected);
    168.          messageText.setTextColor(Color.WHITE);
    169.          if (messageFragment == null) {
    170.             // 如果MessageFragment为空,则创建一个并添加到界面上
    171.             messageFragment = new MessageFragment();
    172.             transaction.add(R.id.content, messageFragment);
    173.          } else {
    174.             // 如果MessageFragment不为空,则直接将它显示出来
    175.             transaction.show(messageFragment);
    176.          }
    177.          break;
    178.       case 1:
    179.          // 当点击了联系人tab时,改变控件的图片和文字颜色
    180.          contactsImage.setImageResource(R.drawable.contacts_selected);
    181.          contactsText.setTextColor(Color.WHITE);
    182.          if (contactsFragment == null) {
    183.             // 如果ContactsFragment为空,则创建一个并添加到界面上
    184.             contactsFragment = new ContactsFragment();
    185.             transaction.add(R.id.content, contactsFragment);
    186.          } else {
    187.             // 如果ContactsFragment不为空,则直接将它显示出来
    188.             transaction.show(contactsFragment);
    189.          }
    190.          break;
    191.       case 2:
    192.          // 当点击了动态tab时,改变控件的图片和文字颜色
    193.          newsImage.setImageResource(R.drawable.news_selected);
    194.          newsText.setTextColor(Color.WHITE);
    195.          if (newsFragment == null) {
    196.             // 如果NewsFragment为空,则创建一个并添加到界面上
    197.             newsFragment = new NewsFragment();
    198.             transaction.add(R.id.content, newsFragment);
    199.          } else {
    200.             // 如果NewsFragment不为空,则直接将它显示出来
    201.             transaction.show(newsFragment);
    202.          }
    203.          break;
    204.       case 3:
    205.       default:
    206.          // 当点击了设置tab时,改变控件的图片和文字颜色
    207.          settingImage.setImageResource(R.drawable.setting_selected);
    208.          settingText.setTextColor(Color.WHITE);
    209.          if (settingFragment == null) {
    210.             // 如果SettingFragment为空,则创建一个并添加到界面上
    211.             settingFragment = new SettingFragment();
    212.             transaction.add(R.id.content, settingFragment);
    213.          } else {
    214.             // 如果SettingFragment不为空,则直接将它显示出来
    215.             transaction.show(settingFragment);
    216.          }
    217.          break;
    218.       }
    219.       transaction.commit();
    220.    }
    221.  
    222.    /**
    223.     * 清除掉所有的选中状态。
    224.     */
    225.    private void clearSelection() {
    226.       messageImage.setImageResource(R.drawable.message_unselected);
    227.       messageText.setTextColor(Color.parseColor("#82858b"));
    228.       contactsImage.setImageResource(R.drawable.contacts_unselected);
    229.       contactsText.setTextColor(Color.parseColor("#82858b"));
    230.       newsImage.setImageResource(R.drawable.news_unselected);
    231.       newsText.setTextColor(Color.parseColor("#82858b"));
    232.       settingImage.setImageResource(R.drawable.setting_unselected);
    233.       settingText.setTextColor(Color.parseColor("#82858b"));
    234.    }
    235.  
    236.    /**
    237.     * 将所有的Fragment都置为隐藏状态。
    238.     *
    239.     * @param transaction
    240.     * 用于对Fragment执行操作的事务
    241.     */
    242.    private void hideFragments(FragmentTransaction transaction) {
    243.       if (messageFragment != null) {
    244.          transaction.hide(messageFragment);
    245.       }
    246.       if (contactsFragment != null) {
    247.          transaction.hide(contactsFragment);
    248.       }
    249.       if (newsFragment != null) {
    250.          transaction.hide(newsFragment);
    251.       }
    252.       if (settingFragment != null) {
    253.          transaction.hide(settingFragment);
    254.       }
    255.    }
    256. }

首先在oncreate方法里面initview() 初始化各个控件,然后为每个layout 设置监听事件(相对布局的layout),当我们点击到某个layout时候,执行SetTabSelection(index)方法。

在刚刚的方法里面,我们首先执行clearSelection,将所有的imageview都设置为不选中状态,然后并隐藏hideFragment,这里我们用FragmentManager里面的FragmentTransaction来实现的。

这两个方法执行完之后,我们进入到switch条件语句,改变某个选中的图标的图片以及文字,这里面我们显示的是Fragment,没有用replace而是用的add,show,hide方法来实现。这样程序执行的效率会高一点,不然,用replace的话,被替换掉的fragment会彻底的被干掉,即声明周期结束,当我们又一次选中的时候,还要重新加载,这样变得麻烦。

原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/zhuxuekui/p/4513371.html