iOS开发—线程安全

一、多线程的安全隐患

1块资源可能会被多个线程共享,也就是多个线程可能会访问同一块资源

比如多个线程访问同一个对象、同一个变量、同一个文件

当多个线程访问同一块资源时,很容易引发数据错乱和数据安全问题

问题代码:

 
   YYViewController.m
   05-线程安全
 
   Created by apple on 14-6-23.
   Copyright (c) 2014年 itcase. All rights reserved.
  
 
 #import YYViewController.h
 
 @interface YYViewController ()
 
 
 @property(nonatomic,assign)  leftTicketsCount;
 @property(nonatomic,strong)NSThread *thread1;
 @property(nonatomic,strong)NSThread *thread2;
 @property(nonatomic,strong)NSThread *thread3;
 
 
 
 
 
 @implementation YYViewController
 
 
 - ()viewDidLoad
      [super viewDidLoad];
 
     默认有20张票
 
     self.leftTicketsCount= 
     开启多个线程,模拟售票员售票
 
     self.thread1=[[NSThread alloc]initWithTarget:self selector:@selector(sellTickets) object:nil];
 
     self.thread1.name= 
     self.thread2=[[NSThread alloc]initWithTarget:self selector:@selector(sellTickets) object:nil];
 
     self.thread2.name= 
     self.thread3=[[NSThread alloc]initWithTarget:self selector:@selector(sellTickets) object:nil];
     self.thread3.name=  
  
 -()sellTickets
      while (         1.先检查票数
          count=self.leftTicketsCount;
          (count>             暂停一段时间
             [NSThread sleepForTimeInterval:0.002 
             2.票数-1
            self.leftTicketsCount= count-  
             获取当前线程
             NSThread *current=[NSThread currentThread];
             NSLog(%@--卖了一张票,还剩余%d张票,current,self.leftTicketsCount);
         }
              
             [NSThread exit];
    
 
 -()touchesBegan:(NSSet *)touches withEvent:(UIEvent *)event
      
 
    [self.thread1 start];
     [self.thread2 start];
     [self.thread3 start];
 
  
 

打印结果:

二、安全隐患分析

三、如何解决

互斥锁使用格式

@synchronized(需要锁定的代码  

锁定份代码只用把锁,用多把锁是无效的

代码示例:

 
   YYViewController.m
   05-线程安全
 
   Created by apple on 14-6-23.
   Copyright (c) 2014年 itcase. All rights reserved.
  
 #import YYViewController.h
 
 @interface YYViewController ()
 
 
 @property(nonatomic,assign)  leftTicketsCount;
 @property(nonatomic,strong)NSThread *thread1;
 @property(nonatomic,strong)NSThread *thread2;
 @property(nonatomic,strong)NSThread *thread3;
 
 
 @implementation YYViewController
 
 - ()viewDidLoad
      [super viewDidLoad];
     默认有20张票
     self.leftTicketsCount=     开启多个线程,模拟售票员售票
 
     self.thread1=[[NSThread alloc]initWithTarget:self selector:@selector(sellTickets) object:nil];
 
     self.thread1.name= 
     self.thread2=[[NSThread alloc]initWithTarget:self selector:@selector(sellTickets) object:nil];
 
     self.thread2.name= 
     self.thread3=[[NSThread alloc]initWithTarget:self selector:@selector(sellTickets) object:nil];
 
     self.thread3.name=  
 
 -()sellTickets
      while (         @synchronized(self){只能加一把锁
         1.先检查票数
 
          count=self.leftTicketsCount;
          (count>             暂停一段时间
             [NSThread sleepForTimeInterval:0.002             2.票数-1
 
            self.leftTicketsCount= count-             获取当前线程
             NSThread *current=[NSThread currentThread];
             NSLog(%@--卖了一张票,还剩余%d张票,current,self.leftTicketsCount);
 
         }
              
             [NSThread exit];
     
 
 -()touchesBegan:(NSSet *)touches withEvent:(UIEvent *)event
  
     
    [self.thread1 start];
     [self.thread2 start];
     [self.thread3 start];
  
 

执行效果图

互斥锁的优缺点

优点:能有效防止因多线程抢夺资源造成的数据安全问题

缺点:需要消耗大量的

互斥锁的使用前提:多条线程抢夺同一块资源

相关专业术语:线程同步,多条线程按顺序地执行任务

互斥锁,就是使用了线程同步技术

四:原子和非原子属性

OC在定义属性时有nonatomicatomic

atomic:原子属性,为setter方法加锁(默认就是atomic

nonatomic:非原子属性,不会为setter

atomic

 @property (assign, atomic)  
 - ()setAge:(  
     @synchronized(self) { 
        _age =  }

原子和非原子属性的选择

nonatomicatomic

atomic线程安全,需要消耗大量的资源

nonatomic非线程安全,适合内存小的移动设备

iOS开发的建议

所有属性都声明为nonatomic

尽量避免多线程抢夺同一块资源

尽量将加锁、资源抢夺的业务逻辑交给服务器端处理,减小移动客户端的压力

 

原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/zhujungang/p/5110393.html