Android异步下载图片并且缓存图片到本地

在Android开发中我们经常有这样的需求,从服务器上下载xml或者JSON类型的数据,其中包括一些图片资源,本demo模拟了这个需求,从网络上加载XML资源,其中包括图片,我们要做的解析XML里面的数据,并且把图片缓存到本地一个cache目录里面,并且用一个自定义的Adapter去填充到LIstView,demo运行效果见下图:

通过这个demo,要学会有一下几点

1.怎么解析一个XML

2.demo中用到的缓存图片到本地一个临时目录的思想是怎样的?

3.AsyncTask类的使用,因为要去异步的加载数据,就必须开启线程,但是在开启线程的时有时候不能很好的控制线程的数量,线程数量太大的时候手机会很快被卡死 这里就采用AsynsTask类的去解决这个问题,这个类里面封装了线程池的技术,从而保证不会因开启过多的线程而消耗太多的资源

4.本demo中的Handler类的使用情况 5.自定义adapter的使用 

下面是demo中的Activity。

public class MainActivity extends Activity {
    protected static final int SUCCESS_GET_CONTACT = 0;
    private ListView mListView;
    private MyContactAdapter mAdapter;
    private File cache;
    
    private Handler mHandler = new Handler(){
        public void handleMessage(android.os.Message msg) {
            if(msg.what == SUCCESS_GET_CONTACT){
                List<Contact> contacts = (List<Contact>) msg.obj;
                mAdapter = new MyContactAdapter(getApplicationContext(),contacts,cache);
                mListView.setAdapter(mAdapter);
            }
        };
    };
    
    @Override
    public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.main);
        
        mListView = (ListView) findViewById(R.id.listview);
        
        //创建缓存目录,系统一运行就得创建缓存目录的,
        cache = new File(Environment.getExternalStorageDirectory(), "cache");
        
        if(!cache.exists()){
            cache.mkdirs();
        }
        
        //获取数据,主UI线程是不能做耗时操作的,所以启动子线程来做
        new Thread(){
            public void run() {
                ContactService service = new ContactService();
                List<Contact> contacts = null;
                try {
                    contacts = service.getContactAll();
                } catch (Exception e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
                //子线程通过Message对象封装信息,并且用初始化好的,
                //Handler对象的sendMessage()方法把数据发送到主线程中,从而达到更新UI主线程的目的
                Message msg = new Message();
                msg.what = SUCCESS_GET_CONTACT;
                msg.obj = contacts;
                mHandler.sendMessage(msg);
            };
        }.start();
    }
    
    @Override
    protected void onDestroy() {
        super.onDestroy();
        //清空缓存
        File[] files = cache.listFiles();
        for(File file :files){
            file.delete();
        }
        cache.delete();
    }
}

Activity中,注意以下几点,

1.初始化了一个缓存目录,这个目录最好是应用开启就去创建好,为手续缓存图片做准备,在这里把数据存放在SDCard上
2.要去服务器加载数据,这个耗时操作最好是去开启线程加载数据,加载完毕后去异步的更新UI线程,利用Handler机制能很好的解决这个问题,
3.最后退出应用的时候,要删掉缓存目录和目录里面的数据,避免给手机制造很多的垃圾文件
下面就是一个Service类了,
public class ContactService {

    /*
     * 从服务器上获取数据
     */
    public List<Contact> getContactAll() throws Exception {
        List<Contact> contacts = null;
        String Parth = "http://192.168.1.103:8080/myweb/list.xml";
        URL url = new URL(Parth);
        HttpURLConnection conn = (HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection();
        conn.setConnectTimeout(3000);
        conn.setRequestMethod("GET");
        if (conn.getResponseCode() == HttpURLConnection.HTTP_OK) {
            InputStream is = conn.getInputStream();
            // 这里获取数据直接放在XmlPullParser里面解析
            contacts = xmlParser(is);
            return contacts;
        } else {
            return null;
        }
    }

    // 这里并没有下载图片下来,而是把图片的地址保存下来了
    private List<Contact> xmlParser(InputStream is) throws Exception {
        List<Contact> contacts = null;
        Contact contact = null;
        XmlPullParser parser = Xml.newPullParser();
        parser.setInput(is, "UTF-8");
        int eventType = parser.getEventType();
        while ((eventType = parser.next()) != XmlPullParser.END_DOCUMENT) {
            switch (eventType) {
            case XmlPullParser.START_TAG:
                if (parser.getName().equals("contacts")) {
                    contacts = new ArrayList<Contact>();
                } else if (parser.getName().equals("contact")) {
                    contact = new Contact();
                    contact.setId(Integer.valueOf(parser.getAttributeValue(0)));
                } else if (parser.getName().equals("name")) {
                    contact.setName(parser.nextText());
                } else if (parser.getName().equals("image")) {
                    contact.setImage(parser.getAttributeValue(0));
                }
                break;

            case XmlPullParser.END_TAG:
                if (parser.getName().equals("contact")) {
                    contacts.add(contact);
                }
                break;
            }
        }
        return contacts;
    }

    /*
     * 从网络上获取图片,如果图片在本地存在的话就直接拿,如果不存在再去服务器上下载图片
     * 这里的path是图片的地址
     */
    public Uri getImageURI(String path, File cache) throws Exception {
        String name = MD5.getMD5(path) + path.substring(path.lastIndexOf("."));
        File file = new File(cache, name);
        // 如果图片存在本地缓存目录,则不去服务器下载 
        if (file.exists()) {
            return Uri.fromFile(file);//Uri.fromFile(path)这个方法能得到文件的URI
        } else {
            // 从网络上获取图片
            URL url = new URL(path);
            HttpURLConnection conn = (HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection();
            conn.setConnectTimeout(5000);
            conn.setRequestMethod("GET");
            conn.setDoInput(true);
            if (conn.getResponseCode() == 200) {

                InputStream is = conn.getInputStream();
                FileOutputStream fos = new FileOutputStream(file);
                byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
                int len = 0;
                while ((len = is.read(buffer)) != -1) {
                    fos.write(buffer, 0, len);
                }
                is.close();
                fos.close();
                // 返回一个URI对象
                return Uri.fromFile(file);
            }
        }
        return null;
    }
}

Serivce类中,注意以下几点

1.HttpURLConnection conn = (HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection();获取一个链接,从而进行通讯2.怎么利用XxmlPullPaser类去解析XML,从而把数据封装成对象
3.getImageURI(String path, File cache) 这个方法具体实现
4.Uri.fromFile(file);这个方法能够直接返回一个Uri来
下面是自定义的Adapter类,
public class MyContactAdapter extends BaseAdapter {

    protected static final int SUCCESS_GET_IMAGE = 0;
    private Context context;
    private List<Contact> contacts;
    private File cache;
    private LayoutInflater mInflater;

    // 自己定义的构造函数
    public MyContactAdapter(Context context, List<Contact> contacts, File cache) {
        this.context = context;
        this.contacts = contacts;
        this.cache = cache;

        mInflater = (LayoutInflater) context.getSystemService(Context.LAYOUT_INFLATER_SERVICE);
    }

    @Override
    public int getCount() {
        return contacts.size();
    }

    @Override
    public Object getItem(int position) {
        return contacts.get(position);
    }

    @Override
    public long getItemId(int position) {
        return position;
    }

    @Override
    public View getView(int position, View convertView, ViewGroup parent) {
        // 1获取item,再得到控件
        // 2 获取数据
        // 3绑定数据到item
        View view = null;
        if (convertView != null) {
            view = convertView;
        } else {
            view = mInflater.inflate(R.layout.item, null);
        }

        ImageView iv_header = (ImageView) view.findViewById(R.id.iv_header);
        TextView tv_name = (TextView) view.findViewById(R.id.tv_name);

        Contact contact = contacts.get(position);

        // 异步的加载图片 (线程池 + Handler ) ---> AsyncTask
        asyncloadImage(iv_header, contact.image);
        tv_name.setText(contact.name);

        return view;
    }

    private void asyncloadImage(ImageView iv_header, String path) {
        ContactService service = new ContactService();
        AsyncImageTask task = new AsyncImageTask(service, iv_header);
        task.execute(path);
    }

    private final class AsyncImageTask extends AsyncTask<String, Integer, Uri> {

        private ContactService service;
        private ImageView iv_header;

        public AsyncImageTask(ContactService service, ImageView iv_header) {
            this.service = service;
            this.iv_header = iv_header;
        }

        // 后台运行的子线程子线程
        @Override
        protected Uri doInBackground(String... params) {
            try {
                return service.getImageURI(params[0], cache);
            } catch (Exception e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
            return null;
        }

        // 这个放在在ui线程中执行
        @Override
        protected void onPostExecute(Uri result) {
            super.onPostExecute(result); 
            // 完成图片的绑定
            if (iv_header != null && result != null) {
                iv_header.setImageURI(result);
            }
        }
    }

    /**
     * 采用普通方式异步的加载图片
     */
    /*private void asyncloadImage(final ImageView iv_header, final String path) {
        final Handler mHandler = new Handler() {
            @Override
            public void handleMessage(Message msg) {
                super.handleMessage(msg);
                if (msg.what == SUCCESS_GET_IMAGE) {
                    Uri uri = (Uri) msg.obj;
                    if (iv_header != null && uri != null) {
                        iv_header.setImageURI(uri);
                    }

                }
            }
        };
        // 子线程,开启子线程去下载或者去缓存目录找图片,并且返回图片在缓存目录的地址
        Runnable runnable = new Runnable() {
            @Override
            public void run() {
                ContactService service = new ContactService();
                try {
                    //这个URI是图片下载到本地后的缓存目录中的URI
                    Uri uri = service.getImageURI(path, cache);
                    Message msg = new Message();
                    msg.what = SUCCESS_GET_IMAGE;
                    msg.obj = uri;
                    mHandler.sendMessage(msg);
                } catch (Exception e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
        };
        new Thread(runnable).start();
    }*/
}

自定义Adapter中,我们要注意 AsyncImageTask这个类继承了AsyncTask类,AsyncTask是Android中常用来做异步任务的类,对线程池进行了封装,详细分析稍后再贴出一篇Blog。

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<contacts>
    <contact id="1">
        <name>张飞</name>
        <image src="http://192.168.1.103:8080/mymyweb/images/1.gif"/>
    </contact>
    <contact id="2">
        <name>博文</name>
        <image src="http://192.168.1.103:8080/myweb/images/2.gif"/>
    </contact>    
    <contact id="3">
        <name>张天佑</name>
        <image src="http://192.168.1.103:8080/myweb/images/3.gif"/>
    </contact>        
    <contact id="4">
        <name>松德</name>
        <image src="http://192.168.1.103:8080/myweb/images/4.gif"/>
    </contact>        
    <contact id="5">
        <name>赵薇</name>
        <image src="http://192.168.1.103:8080/myweb/images/5.gif"/>
    </contact>
    <contact id="6">
        <name>李静</name>
        <image src="http://192.168.1.103:8080/myweb/images/6.gif"/>
    </contact>    
    <contact id="7">
        <name>李明</name>
        <image src="http://192.168.1.103:8080/myweb/images/7.gif"/>
    </contact>        
    <contact id="8">
        <name>黎明</name>
        <image src="http://192.168.1.103:8080/myweb/images/8.gif"/>
    </contact>        
    
    <contact id="9">
        <name>秦桧</name>
        <image src="http://192.168.1.103:8080/myweb/images/9.gif"/>
    </contact>
    <contact id="10">
        <name>朱德</name>
        <image src="http://192.168.1.103:8080/myweb/images/10.gif"/>
    </contact>    
    <contact id="11">
        <name>冯巩</name>
        <image src="http://192.168.1.103:8080/myweb/images/11.gif"/>
    </contact>        
    <contact id="12">
        <name>dylan</name>
        <image src="http://192.168.1.103:8080/myweb/images/12.gif"/>
    </contact>        
    <contact id="13">
        <name>黄单</name>
        <image src="http://192.168.1.103:8080/myweb/images/13.gif"/>
    </contact>
    <contact id="14">
        <name>含蕊</name>
        <image src="http://192.168.1.103:8080/myweb/images/14.gif"/>
    </contact>    
    <contact id="15">
        <name>欣琪</name>
        <image src="http://192.168.1.103:8080/myweb/images/15.jpg"/>
    </contact>        
    <contact id="16">
        <name>李忠华</name>
        <image src="http://192.168.1.103:8080/myweb/images/16.jpg"/>
    </contact>    
    <contact id="17">
        <name>方产员</name>
        <image src="http://192.168.1.103:8080/myweb/images/17.jpg"/>
    </contact>        
    <contact id="18">
        <name>张光</name>
        <image src="http://192.168.1.103:8080/myweb/images/18.jpg"/>
    </contact>    
</contacts>

本demo中为了安全起见,还对下载下来的图片的文件名进行了MD5加密,下面是MD5加密的代码

下面是我们从服务器上获取并且解析的Xml文件
public class MD5 {

    public static String getMD5(String content) {
        try {
            MessageDigest digest = MessageDigest.getInstance("MD5");
            digest.update(content.getBytes());
            return getHashString(digest);
            
        } catch (NoSuchAlgorithmException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        return null;
    }
    
    private static String getHashString(MessageDigest digest) {
        StringBuilder builder = new StringBuilder();
        for (byte b : digest.digest()) {
            builder.append(Integer.toHexString((b >> 4) & 0xf));
            builder.append(Integer.toHexString(b & 0xf));
        }
        return builder.toString();
    }
}

 以上省略了Contact.java这个domain类,通过这个demo,可以看出Android中会经常需要进行异步任务的处理,所以我们会常常用到自己手动开启线程,handler机制,或者AsyncTask类等手段来保证应用的性能。

原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/zhujiabin/p/6865966.html