系统状态检测命令

ifconfig

ifconfig命令用于获取网卡配置和网络状态等信息，格式为：ifconfig [网络设备] [参数]

[root@zhufanyu ~]# ifconfig
docker0: flags=4099<UP,BROADCAST,MULTICAST>  mtu 1500
        inet 172.17.0.1  netmask 255.255.0.0  broadcast 172.17.255.255
        inet6 fe80::42:f5ff:fef1:fdf5  prefixlen 64  scopeid 0x20<link>
        ether 02:42:f5:f1:fd:f5  txqueuelen 0  (Ethernet)
        RX packets 72254  bytes 13452188 (12.8 MiB)
        RX errors 0  dropped 0  overruns 0  frame 0
        TX packets 69177  bytes 8928970 (8.5 MiB)
        TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0

eth0: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST>  mtu 1500
        inet 172.30.65.160  netmask 255.255.240.0  broadcast 172.30.79.255
        inet6 fe80::216:3eff:fe2e:ac0c  prefixlen 64  scopeid 0x20<link>
        ether 00:16:3e:2e:ac:0c  txqueuelen 1000  (Ethernet)
        RX packets 52384975  bytes 40136969151 (37.3 GiB)
        RX errors 0  dropped 0  overruns 0  frame 0
        TX packets 27048590  bytes 4883198168 (4.5 GiB)
        TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0

lo: flags=73<UP,LOOPBACK,RUNNING>  mtu 65536
        inet 127.0.0.1  netmask 255.0.0.0
        inet6 ::1  prefixlen 128  scopeid 0x10<host>
        loop  txqueuelen 1000  (Local Loopback)
        RX packets 0  bytes 0 (0.0 B)
        RX errors 0  dropped 0  overruns 0  frame 0
        TX packets 0  bytes 0 (0.0 B)
        TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0

uname

uname命令用于查看系统内核与系统版本等信息，格式为：uname [-a]

[root@zhufanyu ~]# uname -a
Linux zhufanyu 4.18.0-147.5.1.el8_1.x86_64 #1 SMP Wed Feb 5 02:00:39 UTC 2020 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux

如果需要查看当前系统的版本信息，则需要查看redhat-release文件

[root@zhufanyu ~]# cat /etc/redhat-release 
CentOS Linux release 8.1.1911 (Core)

who

who 用于查看当前登录主机的用户终端信息，格式为：who [参数]
```
[root@zhufanyu ~]# who
root     pts/0        2021-01-03 13:17 (27.38.66.188)
```

last

last 命令用于查看所有系统的登录记录，格式为： last [参数]

[root@zhufanyu ~]# last
root     pts/0        27.38.66.188     Sun Jan  3 13:17   still logged in
root     pts/0        27.38.66.188     Sat Jan  2 15:49 - 22:34  (06:44)
root     pts/0        163.125.140.105  Tue Dec 29 22:23 - 23:24  (01:00)

history

history 命令用于显示历史执行过的命令，格式为：history [参数]

[root@zhufanyu ~]# history
    1  hostname zhufanyu
    2  top
    3  systemctl status sshd
    4  blikd
    5  blkid
    6  cat /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0 
    7  cat /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth33
    8  cat /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-e
    9  cd /
   10  ls
   11  mkdir code
   12  cd code/
   13  touch test

历史命令会被保存在用户家目录的.bash_history文件中，

[root@zhufanyu ~]# cat ~/.bash_history

需要清空当前用户的在本机的历史命令就使用

[root@zhufanyu ~]# history -c

sosreport

sosreport 命令用于收集系统配置及架构信息并输出诊断文档，格式为 sosreport

[root@zhufanyu ~]# sosreport

sosreport (version 3.7)

This command will collect diagnostic and configuration information from
this CentOS system and installed applications.

An archive containing the collected information will be generated in
/var/tmp/sos.klc9r3bx and may be provided to a CentOS support
representative.

Any information provided to CentOS will be treated in accordance with
the published support policies at:

  http://www.centos.org/

The generated archive may contain data considered sensitive and its
content should be reviewed by the originating organization before being
passed to any third party.

No changes will be made to system configuration.

Press ENTER to continue, or CTRL-C to quit.

Please enter the case id that you are generating this report for []: 

 Setting up archive ...
 Setting up plugins ...

 Running plugins. Please wait ...

  Finishing plugins              [Running: systemd]                                       
  Finished running plugins                                                               
Creating compressed archive...

Your sosreport has been generated and saved in:
  /var/tmp/sosreport-zhufanyu-2021-01-03-zfagtvi.tar.xz

The checksum is: d0697587adef8a90801c24240a5c9341

Please send this file to your support representative.