webapi

首先新建 ApiController类 和一个Entity Framework数据实体

public class CustomersController : ApiController

  {

  //Select All

  public IEnumerable Get()

  {

  NorthwindEntities db = new NorthwindEntities();

  var data = from item in db.Customers

  orderby item.CustomerID

  select item;

  return data.ToList();

  }

  //Select By Id

  public Customer Get(string id)

  {

  NorthwindEntities db = new NorthwindEntities();

  var data = from item in db.Customers

  where item.CustomerID == id

  select item;

  return data.SingleOrDefault();

  }

  //Insert

  public void Post(Customer obj)

  {

  NorthwindEntities db = new NorthwindEntities();

  db.Customers.AddObject(obj);

  db.SaveChanges();

  }

  //Update

  public void Put(string id, Customer obj)

  {

  NorthwindEntities db = new NorthwindEntities();

  var data = from item in db.Customers

  where item.CustomerID == id

  select item;

  Customer old = data.SingleOrDefault();

  old.CompanyName = obj.CompanyName;

  old.ContactName = obj.ContactName;

  old.Country = obj.Country;

  db.SaveChanges();

  }

  //Delete

  public void Delete(string id)

  {

  NorthwindEntities db = new NorthwindEntities();

  var data = from item in db.Customers

  where item.CustomerID == id

  select item;

  Customer obj = data.SingleOrDefault();

  db.Customers.DeleteObject(obj);

  db.SaveChanges();

  }

  }

访问API的方式为:localhost/api/customers,在实际中将要根据情况替换合适的端口,默认所有的WEB API都是通过/api根目录的方式访问的,该路由是在Global.asax下进行定义,如下:

public static void RegisterRoutes(RouteCollection routes)

  {

  ...

  routes.MapHttpRoute(

  name: "DefaultApi",

  routeTemplate: "api/{controller}/{id}",

  defaults: new { id = RouteParameter.Optional }

  );

  ...

  }

  protected void Application_Start()
{
    HttpConfiguration config = GlobalConfiguration.Configuration;
    JsonSerializerSettings settings = new JsonSerializerSettings();
    settings.Converters.Add(new IsoDateTimeConverter());
    JsonNetFormatter formatter = new WebAPIDemo.Http.Formatters.JsonNetFormatter(settings);
    config.Formatters.Insert(0, formatter);

    AreaRegistration.RegisterAllAreas();
    RegisterGlobalFilters(GlobalFilters.Filters);
    RegisterRoutes(RouteTable.Routes);
    BundleTable.Bundles.RegisterTemplateBundles();
}

jQuery去调用WEB API

html:

<table id="customerTable" border="0" cellpadding="3">
    <tr>
        <th>Customer ID</th>
        <th>Company Name</th>
        <th>Contact Name</th>
        <th>Country</th>
        <th>Actions</th>
    </tr>
    <tr>
        <td><input type="text" id="txtCustomerId" size="5"/></td>
        <td><input type="text" id="txtCompanyName" /></td>
        <td><input type="text" id="txtContactName" /></td>
        <td><input type="text" id="txtCountry" /></td>
        <td><input type="button" name="btnInsert" value="Insert" /></td>
    </tr>
</table>

<script src="../../Scripts/jquery-1.6.2.min.js" type="text/javascript"></script>

然后在jQuery中,通过$.getJSON的方法,调用WEB API,代码如下:

  $(document).ready(function () {

  $.getJSON("api/customers", LoadCustomers);

  });

熟悉jQuery的朋友肯定明白,$.getJson方法中第一个参数是调用服务的地址,第二个参数是回调方法,这个回调方法LoadCustomers中,将展示服务端web api返回的数据,代码如下

function LoadCustomers(data) {
    $("#customerTable").find("tr:gt(1)").remove();
    $.each(data, function (key, val) {
        var tableRow = '<tr>' +
                        '<td>' + val.CustomerID + '</td>' +
                        '<td><input type="text" value="' + val.CompanyName + '"/></td>' +
                        '<td><input type="text" value="' + val.ContactName + '"/></td>' +
                        '<td><input type="text" value="' + val.Country + '"/></td>' +
                        '<td><input type="button" name="btnUpdate" value="Update" />
                             <input type="button" name="btnDelete" value="Delete" /></td>' +
                        '</tr>';
        $('#customerTable').append(tableRow);
    });

    $("input[name='btnInsert']").click(OnInsert);
    $("input[name='btnUpdate']").click(OnUpdate);
    $("input[name='btnDelete']").click(OnDelete);
}

在上面的代码中,首先移除所有表格中的行(除了表头外),然后通过jQuery中的each方法,遍历web api返回给前端的数据,最后展现所有的数据行。然后在Insert,update,delete三个按钮中都绑定了相关的方法函数,下面先看 update的代码:

 function OnUpdate(evt) {
    var cell;
    var customerId = $(this).parent().parent().children().get(0).innerHTML;
    cell = $(this).parent().parent().children().get(1);
    var companyName = $(cell).find('input').val();
    cell = $(this).parent().parent().children().get(2);
    var contactName = $(cell).find('input').val();
    cell = $(this).parent().parent().children().get(3);
    var country = $(cell).find('input').val();

    var data = '{"id":"' + customerId + '", "obj":{"CustomerID":"' + customerId +
               '","CompanyName":"' + companyName + '","ContactName":"' +
               contactName + '","Country":"' + country + '"}}';

    $.ajax({
        type: 'PUT',
        url: '/api/customers/',
        data: data,
        contentType: "application/json; charset=utf-8",
        dataType: 'json',
        success: function (results) {
            $.getJSON("api/customers", LoadCustomers);
            alert('Customer Updated !');
        }
    })
}

在上面的代码中,首先从每行的各个文本框中获得要更新的值,然后组织成JSON数据,

  其数据格式为包含两项,其中一项包含customer的ID,另外一个是新的customer实体对象,因为WEB API的PUT方法需要的是两个参数。

  然后通过jQuery的$.ajax方法进行调用web api,注意这里的type指定为put方法,并且注意编码为UTF-8,然后在回调方法success中,再此使用$.getJSON方法,获得更新后的最新用户列表。

  而Insert,Delete的方法代码如下:

 function OnInsert(evt) {
    var customerId = $("#txtCustomerId").val();
    var companyName = $("#txtCompanyName").val();
    var contactName = $("#txtContactName").val();
    var country = $("#txtCountry").val();
    var data = '{"obj":{"CustomerID":"' + customerId + '","CompanyName":"' + companyName +
               '","ContactName":"' + contactName + '","Country":"' + country + '"}}';

    $.ajax({
        type: 'POST',
        url: '/api/customers/',
        data: data,
        contentType: "application/json; charset=utf-8",
        dataType: 'json',
        success: function (results) {
            $("#txtCustomerId").val('');
            $("#txtCompanyName").val('');
            $("#txtContactName").val('');
            $("#txtCountry").val('');
            $.getJSON("api/customers", LoadCustomers);
            alert('Customer Added !');
        }
    })

}
function OnDelete(evt) {
    var customerId = $(this).parent().parent().children().get(0).innerHTML;
    var data = '{"id":"' + customerId + '"}';
    var row = $(this).parent().parent();

    $.ajax({
        type: 'DELETE',
        url: '/api/customers/',
        data: data,
        contentType: "application/json; charset=utf-8",
        dataType: 'json',
        success: function (results) {
            $.getJSON("api/customers", LoadCustomers);
            alert('Customer Deleted!');
        }
    })

}

尽管ASP.NET WEB API是ASP.NET MVC的其中一部分,但并没规定只能在ASP.NET MVC架构中使用,可以在WebForm中进行调用,方法如下:

  我们继续在解决方案中新建一个Web Application,然后在应用中增加一个普通的asp.net Web Form页面,然后将之前的API文件夹复制到这个新的web项目的根目录中。

  然后和之前的步骤一样,通过Entitiy Framework建立customer实体类,然后打开Global.ascx,写入代码如下:

  protected void Application_Start(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
    HttpConfiguration config = GlobalConfiguration.Configuration;
    JsonSerializerSettings settings = new JsonSerializerSettings();
    settings.Converters.Add(new IsoDateTimeConverter());
    JsonNetFormatter formatter = new WebAPIWebFormDemo.Http.Formatters.JsonNetFormatter(settings);
    config.Formatters.Insert(0, formatter);

    RouteTable.Routes.MapHttpRoute(
        name: "DefaultApi",
        routeTemplate: "api/{controller}/{id}",
        defaults: new { id = System.Web.Http.RouteParameter.Optional }

    );
}

这里做了两个事情,首先在WEB API框架中注册了自定义的JSON解析器,然后是注册了web api 控制器的路由。  然后将前文说到的使用jQuery 调用web api的所有代码都复制到index.aspx(或default.aspx)中去。

原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/zhubenxi/p/5284114.html