python day05

一.for 循环

for循环专门用来取值 在循环取值方面比while循环要强大 以后但凡遇到循环的场景 就应该用for循环.

    示范:

 0   1    2
 l=['a','b','c']
 for i in range(3):
     print(i,l[i])

for+break

    示范

names=['egon','ales','hulaoshi']
            for name in names:
                   if name == 'alex':break
            print

  

for+continue

    示范

 for+continue
names=['egon','kevin','alex','hulaoshi']
for name in names:
     if name == 'alex':continue
     print(name)

for+else else的子代码块著有在while的循环没有被break打断的情况下才会执行

    示范

names=['egon','kevin','alex','hulaoshi']
for name in names:
     if name == 'alex':break
     print(name)
eles:

    print('=====>')
    

for循环嵌套

    示范

for i in range(3): #i=2
    for j in range(2): #j=1

        print(i,j) 当外层循环一次 内层循环一整套程序

二 数字类型

    类型转换

print(int(3.1))
res=int('1111111')
print(res,type(res))


res=float('111111.1')
print(res,type(res))

  

了解(**)
    十进制转成。。。进制
    print(bin(13))
    print(oct(13))
    print(hex(13))

3、常用操作+内置的方法
    存一个值
    不可变
    x=10
    print(id(x))
    x=11
    print(id(x))

1. 浮点型float
    1、用途:记录身高、体重、薪资等
    2、定义方式
          salary=10.1 # salary=float(10.1)
类型转换
    print(float(10))
    print(float(1.1))
    print(float('1.1'))
3、常用操作+内置的方法
       存一个值
       不可变
        x=10.3
        print(id(x))
        x=11.2
        print(id(x))
三 字符串类型
字符串类型str
1、用途:记录描述性值的状态,比如名字、性别等
2、定义方式
    msg='hello world' #msg=str('hello world')
类型转换: 可以把任意类型专场字符串类型
 res1=str(10)
 res2=str(10.3)
 res3=str([1,2,3])
 res4=str({'x':1}) #res4="{'x':1}"
 print(type(res1))
 print(type(res2))
 print(type(res3))
 print(type(res4))

 3、常用操作+内置的方法
 优先掌握的操作:(*****)
1、按索引取值(正向取+反向取) :只能取
 msg='hello world'
 print(type(msg[0]))
 print(msg[-1])
 msg[0]='H'

2、切片(顾头不顾尾,步长)
msg='hello world'
 print(msg[0]+msg[1]+msg[2])
 print(msg[0:5])
 print(msg[0:5:2]) #0 2 4
 print(msg[0:]) #
 print(msg[:]) #

 print(msg[-1:-5:-1]) #-1 -2 -3 -4
 print(msg[::-1]) #-1 -2 -3 -4
3、长度len:统计的是字符的个数
 msg='h你d'
 print(len(msg))
4、成员运算in和not in:判断一个子字符串是否存在与一个大字符串中
 msg='hello world'
 print('ho' in msg)
 print('ho' not in msg)

5、移除空白strip:移除字符串左右两边的某些字符
 msg='      hello      '
 print(msg.strip(' '))
 print(msg.strip())
 print(msg)
 name=input('name>>>: ').strip() #name='egon'
 pwd=input('password>>>: ').strip()
 if name == 'egon' and pwd == '123':
     print('login successfull')
 else:
     print('username or password error')
 msg='***h**ello**********'
 print(msg.strip('*'))
 msg='*-=+h/ello*(_+__'
 print(msg.strip('*-=+/(_'))

6、切分split: 把有规律的字符串切成列表从而方便取值
 info='egon:18:180:150'
 res=info.split(':',1)
 print(res)
 print(res[1])

 info='egon:18:180:150'
 res=info.split(':')
 print(res)

 s1=res[0]+':'+res[1]+':'+res[2]+':'+res[3]
 s1=''
 for item in res:
     s1+=item
 print(s1)

 s1=':'.join(res)
 print(s1)
 ':'.join([1,2,3,4,5])
7、循环
 for i in 'hello':
     print(i)
 
 需要掌握的操作(****)
1、strip,lstrip,rstrip
 msg='*****hello****'
 print(msg.strip('*'))
 print(msg.lstrip('*'))
 print(msg.rstrip('*'))
2、lower,upper
 msg='AaBbCc123123123'
 print(msg.lower())
 print(msg.upper())
3、startswith,endswith
 msg='alex is dsb'
 print(msg.startswith('alex'))
 print(msg.endswith('sb'))
4、format的三种玩法
 msg='my name is %s my age is %s' %('egon',18)
 print(msg)
 msg='my name is {name} my age is {age}'.format(age=18,name='egon')
 print(msg)
 了解
 msg='my name is {} my age is {}'.format(18,'egon')
 msg='my name is {0}{0} my age is {1}{1}{1}'.format(18,'egon')
 print(msg)

5、split,rsplit
 cmd='get|a.txt|33333'
 print(cmd.split('|',1))
 print(cmd.rsplit('|',1))

6、replace
 msg='kevin is sb kevin kevin'
 print(msg.replace('kevin','sb',2))
7、isdigit #当字符串内为纯数字时结果为True
 res='11111'
 print(res.isdigit())
 int(res)
 age_of_bk=18
 inp_age=input('your age: ').strip()
 if inp_age.isdigit():
     inp_age=int(inp_age) #int('asdfasdfadfasdf')
     if inp_age > 18:
         print('too big')
     elif inp_age < 18:
         print('to small')
     else:
         print('you got it')
 else:
     print('必须输入纯数字')
 
 了解(**)
1、find,rfind,index,rindex,count
 print('xxxkevin is sb kevin'.find('kevin'))
 print('xxxkevin is sb kevin'.index('kevin'))
 print('xxxkevin is sb kevin'.rfind('kevin'))
 print('xxxkevin is sb kevin'.rindex('kevin'))

 res='xxxkevin is sb kevin'.find('kevasdfsadfin')
 print(res)
 res='xxxkevin is sb kevin'.index('kevasdfsadfin')
 
 print('kevin is kevin is kevin is sb'.count('kevin'))
2、center,ljust,rjust,zfill
 print('egon'.center(50,'*'))
 print('egon'.ljust(50,'*'))
 print('egon'.rjust(50,'*'))
 print('egon'.zfill(50))
3、captalize,swapcase,title
 print('my name is kevin'.capitalize())
 print('AaBbCc'.swapcase())
 print('my name is kevin'.title())
4、is其他
 name='egon123'
 print(name.isalnum()) #字符串由字母或数字组成
 print(name.isalpha()) #字符串只由字母组成
 print(name.islower())
 print(name.isupper())
 name='    '
 print(name.isspace())
msg='I Am Egon'
print(msg.istitle())
 
 
原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/zhouyuquan/p/9997105.html