SpingMVC ModelAndView, Model,Control以及参数传递

1.web.xml 配置:

<servlet>
    <servlet-name>dispatcher</servlet-name>
    <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
    <init-param>
        <description>加载/WEB-INF/spring-mvc/目录下的所有XML作为Spring MVC的配置文件</description>
        <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
        <param-value>/WEB-INF/spring-mvc/*.xml</param-value>
    </init-param>
    <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
</servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
    <servlet-name>dispatcher</servlet-name>
    <url-pattern>*.htm</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>

这样,所有的.htm的请求,都会被DispatcherServlet处理;

初始化 DispatcherServlet 时,该框架在 web 应用程序WEB-INF 目录中寻找一个名为[servlet-名称]-servlet.xml的文件,并在那里定义相关的Beans,重写在全局中定义的任何Beans,像上面的web.xml中的代码,对应的是dispatcher-servlet.xml;当然也可以使用<init-param>元素,手动指定配置文件的路径;dispatcher-servlet.xml 配置:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
       xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p"
       xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
       xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
       xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
            http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.0.xsd
            http://www.springframework.org/schema/context 
            http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-3.0.xsd
            http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop 
            http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-3.0.xsd
            http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx 
            http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-3.0.xsd
            http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc 
            http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc-3.0.xsd
            http://www.springframework.org/schema/context 
            http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-3.0.xsd">
    <!--
        使Spring支持自动检测组件,如注解的Controller
    -->
    <context:component-scan base-package="com.minx.crm.web.controller"/>
   
    <bean id="viewResolver"
          class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver"
          p:prefix="/WEB-INF/jsp/"
          p:suffix=".jsp" />
</beans>

2.spring mvc处理方法支持如下的返回方式:ModelAndView, Model, ModelMap, Map,View, String, void

ModelAndView

@RequestMapping("/show1") 
public ModelAndView show1(HttpServletRequest request, 
           HttpServletResponse response) throws Exception { 
       ModelAndView mav = new ModelAndView("/demo2/show"); 
       mav.addObject("account", "account -1"); 
       return mav; 
   } 

通过ModelAndView构造方法可以指定返回的页面名称,也可以通过setViewName()方法跳转到指定的页面 , 使用addObject()设置需要返回的值,addObject()有几个不同参数的方法,可以默认和指定返回对象的名字。 调用addObject()方法将值设置到一个名为ModelMap的类属性,ModelMap是LinkedHashMap的子类, 具体请看类。

Model 是一个接口, 其实现类为ExtendedModelMap,继承了ModelMap类。

model.addAttribute("pojo", pojo);

Map 

@RequestMapping("/demo2/show") 
    public Map<String, String> getMap() { 
        Map<String, String> map = new HashMap<String, String>(); 
        map.put("key1", "value-1"); 
        map.put("key2", "value-2"); 
        return map; 
    } 

在jsp页面中可直通过${key1}获得到值, map.put()相当于request.setAttribute方法。 写例子时发现,key值包括 - . 时会有问题.

View 可以返回pdf excel等,暂时没详细了解。

String 指定返回的视图页面名称,结合设置的返回地址路径加上页面名称后缀即可访问到。

注意:如果方法声明了注解@ResponseBody ,则会直接将返回值输出到页面。 例如:

@RequestMapping(value = "/something", method = RequestMethod.GET) 
@ResponseBody 
public String helloWorld()  { 
return"Hello World"; 
} 

上面的结果会将文本"Hello World "直接写到http响应流。

@RequestMapping("/welcome") 
public String welcomeHandler() { 
  return"center"; 
} 

对应的逻辑视图名为“center”,URL= prefix前缀+视图名称 +suffix后缀组成。
void  如果返回值为空,则响应的视图页面对应为访问地址

@RequestMapping("/welcome") 
publicvoid welcomeHandler() {} 

此例对应的逻辑视图名为"welcome"。

小结:

1.使用 String 作为请求处理方法的返回值类型是比较通用的方法,这样返回的逻辑视图名不会和请求 URL 绑定,具有很大的灵活性,而模型数据又可以通过 ModelMap 控制。 2.使用void,map,Model 时,返回对应的逻辑视图名称真实url为:prefix前缀+视图名称 +suffix后缀组成。 3.使用String,ModelAndView返回视图名称可以不受请求的url绑定,ModelAndView可以设置返回的视图名称。

Model model,HttpServletRequest request, ModelMap map声明变量

request.getSession().setAttribute("test", "haiwei2Session"); request.setAttribute("test", "haiwei1request"); map.addAttribute("test", "haiweiModelMap"); model.addAttribute("test", "haiweiModel");
我通过${test}这个方式取值,优先取Model和ModelMap的,Model和ModelMap是同一个东西,谁最后赋值的就取谁的,然后是request,最后是从session中获取

 第一个Controller

package com.minx.crm.web.controller;  
  
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;  
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;  
@Controller  
public class IndexController {  
    @RequestMapping("/index")  
    public String index() {  
        return "index";  
    }  
}  
package com.minx.crm.web.controller;

import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
@Controller
public class IndexController {
    @RequestMapping("/index")
    public String index() {
        return "index";
    }
}

@Controller注解标识一个控制器,@RequestMapping注解标记一个访问的路径(/index.htm),return "index"标记返回视图(index.jsp);

注:如果@RequestMapping注解在类级别上,则表示一相对路径,在方法级别上,则标记访问的路径;

从@RequestMapping注解标记的访问路径中获取参数:

Spring MVC 支持RESTful风格的URL参数,如:

@Controller  
public class IndexController {  
  
    @RequestMapping("/index/{username}")  
    public String index(<span style="color: rgb(255, 0, 0);">@PathVariable</span>("username") String username) {  
        System.out.print(username);  
        return "index";  
    }  
}  
@Controller
public class IndexController {

    @RequestMapping("/index/{username}")
    public String index(@PathVariable("username") String username) {
        System.out.print(username);
        return "index";
    }
}

@RequestMapping中定义访问页面的URL模版,使用{}传入页面参数,使用@PathVariable 获取传入参数,即可通过地址:http://localhost:8080/crm/index/tanqimin.htm 访问;

根据不同的Web请求方法,映射到不同的处理方法:

使用登陆页面作示例,定义两个方法分辨对使用GET请求和使用POST请求访问login.htm时的响应。可以使用处理GET请求的方法显示视图,使用POST请求的方法处理业务逻辑;

@Controller  
public class LoginController {  
    @RequestMapping(value = "/login", method = RequestMethod.GET)  
    public String login() {  
        return "login";  
    }  
    @RequestMapping(value = "/login", method = RequestMethod.POST)  
    public String login2(HttpServletRequest request) {  
            String username = request.getParameter("username").trim();  
            System.out.println(username);  
        return "login2";  
    }  
}  
@Controller
public class LoginController {
    @RequestMapping(value = "/login", method = RequestMethod.GET)
    public String login() {
        return "login";
    }
    @RequestMapping(value = "/login", method = RequestMethod.POST)
    public String login2(HttpServletRequest request) {
            String username = request.getParameter("username").trim();
            System.out.println(username);
        return "login2";
    }
}

在视图页面,通过地址栏访问login.htm,是通过GET请求访问页面,因此,返回登陆表单视图login.jsp;当在登陆表单中使用POST请求提交数据时,则访问login2方法,处理登陆业务逻辑;

防止重复提交数据,可以使用重定向视图:

return "redirect:/login2"  
return "redirect:/login2"

可以传入方法的参数类型:

<strong>@RequestMapping(value = "login", method = RequestMethod.POST)  
public String testParam(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, HttpSession session) {  
    String username = request.getParameter("username");  
    System.out.println(username);  
    return null;  
}</strong>  
@RequestMapping(value = "login", method = RequestMethod.POST)
public String testParam(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, HttpSession session) {
	String username = request.getParameter("username");
	System.out.println(username);
	return null;
}

可以传入HttpServletRequestHttpServletResponseHttpSession,值得注意的是,如果第一次访问页面,HttpSession没被创建,可能会出错;

其中,String username = request.getParameter("username");可以转换为传入的参数:

@RequestMapping(value = "login", method = RequestMethod.POST)  
public String testParam(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, HttpSession session,@RequestParam("username") String username) {  
    String username = request.getParameter("username");  
    System.out.println(username);  
    return null;  
}  
@RequestMapping(value = "login", method = RequestMethod.POST)
public String testParam(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, HttpSession session,@RequestParam("username") String username) {
    String username = request.getParameter("username");
    System.out.println(username);
    return null;
}
 

使用@RequestParam 注解获取GET请求或POST请求提交的参数;

获取Cookie的值:使用@CookieValue :
获取printwriter:
可以直接在Controller的方法中传入PrintWriter对象,就可以在方法中使用:
@RequestMapping(value = "login", method = RequestMethod.POST)  
public String testParam(PrintWriter out, <span style="color: rgb(255, 0, 0);">@RequestParam</span>("username") String username) {  
    out.println(username);  
    return null;  
}  
@RequestMapping(value = "login", method = RequestMethod.POST)
public String testParam(PrintWriter out, @RequestParam("username") String username) {
	out.println(username);
	return null;
}

获取表单中提交的值,并封装到POJO中,传入Controller的方法里:

POJO如下(User.java):

public class User{  
    private long id;  
    private String username;  
    private String password;  
  
    …此处省略getter,setter...  
}  
public class User{
	private long id;
	private String username;
	private String password;

	…此处省略getter,setter...
}

通过表单提交,直接可以把表单值封装到User对象中:

@RequestMapping(value = "login", method = RequestMethod.POST)  
public String testParam(PrintWriter out, User user) {  
    out.println(user.getUsername());  
    return null;  
}  
@RequestMapping(value = "login", method = RequestMethod.POST)
public String testParam(PrintWriter out, User user) {
	out.println(user.getUsername());
	return null;
}

可以把对象,put 入获取的Map对象中,传到对应的视图:

<strong>@RequestMapping(value = "login", method = RequestMethod.POST)  
public String testParam(User user, Map model) {  
    model.put("user",user);  
    return "view";  
}</strong>  
@RequestMapping(value = "login", method = RequestMethod.POST)
public String testParam(User user, Map model) {
	model.put("user",user);
	return "view";
}

在返回的view.jsp中,就可以根据key来获取user的值(通过EL表达式,${user }即可);

Controller中方法的返回值:

void:多数用于使用PrintWriter输出响应数据;

String 类型:返回该String对应的View Name

任意类型对象:

返回ModelAndView

自定义视图(JstlView,ExcelView):

 拦截器(Inteceptors):

<strong>public class MyInteceptor implements HandlerInterceptor {  
    public boolean preHandle(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object o)   
        throws Exception {  
        return false;  
    }  
    public void postHandle(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object o, ModelAndView mav)   
        throws Exception {  
    }  
    public void afterCompletion(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object o, Exception excptn)   
        throws Exception {  
    }  
}</strong>  
public class MyInteceptor implements HandlerInterceptor {
	public boolean preHandle(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object o) 
		throws Exception {
		return false;
	}
	public void postHandle(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object o, ModelAndView mav) 
		throws Exception {
	}
	public void afterCompletion(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object o, Exception excptn) 
		throws Exception {
	}
}

拦截器需要实现HandleInterceptor接口,并实现其三个方法:

preHandle:拦截器的前端,执行控制器之前所要处理的方法,通常用于权限控制、日志,其中,Object o表示下一个拦截器;

postHandle:控制器的方法已经执行完毕,转换成视图之前的处理;

afterCompletion:视图已处理完后执行的方法,通常用于释放资源;

MVC的配置文件中,配置拦截器与需要拦截的URL

<mvc:interceptors>  
    <mvc:interceptor>  
        <mvc:mapping path="/index.htm" />  
        <bean class="com.minx.crm.web.interceptor.MyInterceptor" />  
    </mvc:interceptor>  
</mvc:interceptors> 
<mvc:interceptors>
	<mvc:interceptor>
		<mvc:mapping path="/index.htm" />
		<bean class="com.minx.crm.web.interceptor.MyInterceptor" />
	</mvc:interceptor>
</mvc:interceptors>

国际化:

MVC配置文件中,配置国际化属性文件:

<bean id="messageSource"  
    class="org.springframework.context.support.ResourceBundleMessageSource"  
    p:basename="message">  
</bean>  
<bean id="messageSource"
	class="org.springframework.context.support.ResourceBundleMessageSource"
	p:basename="message">
</bean>

那么,Spring就会在项目中搜索相关的国际化属性文件,如:message.propertiesmessage_zh_CN.properties

VIEW中,引入Spring标签:<%@taglib uri="http://www.springframework.org/tags" prefix="spring" %>,使用<spring:message code="key" />调用,即可;

如果一种语言,有多个语言文件,可以更改MVC配置文件为:

<bean id="messageSource" class="org.springframework.context.support.ResourceBundleMessageSource">  
    <property name="basenames">  
        <list>  
            <value>message01</value>  
            <value>message02</value>  
            <value>message03</value>  
        </list>  
    </property>  
</bean>  
原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/zhoudi/p/5977078.html