Caffe 深度学习框架上手教程

Caffe 深度学习框架上手教程

 

 
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15年1月
 

Caffe (CNN, deep learning) 介绍

Caffe -----------Convolution Architecture For Feature Embedding (Extraction)

  1. Caffe 是什么东东？
    • CNN (Deep Learning) 工具箱
    • C++ 语言架构
    • CPU 和GPU 无缝交换
    • Python 和matlab的封装
    • 但是，Decaf只是CPU 版本。

  2. 为什么要用Caffe？

    • 运算速度快。简单 友好的架构 用到的一些库：
    • Google Logging library (Glog): 一个C++语言的应用级日志记录框架，提供了C++风格的流操作和各种助手宏.
    • lebeldb(数据存储)： 是一个google实现的非常高效的kv数据库，单进程操作。
    • CBLAS library（CPU版本的矩阵操作）
    • CUBLAS library (GPU 版本的矩阵操作)

  3. Caffe 架构

  1. 预处理图像的leveldb构建
    输入：一批图像和label （2和3）
    输出：leveldb （4）
    指令里包含如下信息：
    • conver_imageset （构建leveldb的可运行程序）
    • train/ （此目录放处理的jpg或者其他格式的图像)
    • label.txt (图像文件名及其label信息)
    • 输出的leveldb文件夹的名字
    • CPU/GPU (指定是在cpu上还是在gpu上运行code)

  2. CNN网络配置文件

    • Imagenet_solver.prototxt （包含全局参数的配置的文件）
    • Imagenet.prototxt （包含训练网络的配置的文件）
    • Imagenet_val.prototxt （包含测试网络的配置文件）
 
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15年1月
 

Caffe深度学习之图像分类模型AlexNet解读

在imagenet上的图像分类challenge上Alex提出的alexnet网络结构模型赢得了2012届的冠军。要研究CNN类型DL网络模型在图像分类上的应用，就逃不开研究alexnet，这是CNN在图像分类上的经典模型（DL火起来之后）。

在DL开源实现caffe的model样例中，它也给出了alexnet的复现，具体网络配置文件如下train_val.prototxt452

接下来本文将一步步对该网络配置结构中各个层进行详细的解读（训练阶段）：

  1. conv1阶段DFD（data flow diagram）：

  2. conv2阶段DFD（data flow diagram）：

  3. conv3阶段DFD（data flow diagram）：

    SouthEast2455x274

  4. conv4阶段DFD（data flow diagram）：

  5. conv5阶段DFD（data flow diagram）：

  6. fc6阶段DFD（data flow diagram）：

  7. fc7阶段DFD（data flow diagram）：

  8. fc8阶段DFD（data flow diagram）：

各种layer的operation更多解释可以参考Caffe Layer Catalogue356

从计算该模型的数据流过程中，该模型参数大概5kw+。

caffe的输出中也有包含这块的内容日志，详情如下：

I0721 10:38:15.326920  4692 net.cpp:125] Top shape: 256 3 227 227 (39574272)
I0721 10:38:15.326971  4692 net.cpp:125] Top shape: 256 1 1 1 (256)
I0721 10:38:15.326982  4692 net.cpp:156] data does not need backward computation.
I0721 10:38:15.327003  4692 net.cpp:74] Creating Layer conv1
I0721 10:38:15.327011  4692 net.cpp:84] conv1 <- data
I0721 10:38:15.327033  4692 net.cpp:110] conv1 -> conv1
I0721 10:38:16.721956  4692 net.cpp:125] Top shape: 256 96 55 55 (74342400)
I0721 10:38:16.722030  4692 net.cpp:151] conv1 needs backward computation.
I0721 10:38:16.722059  4692 net.cpp:74] Creating Layer relu1
I0721 10:38:16.722070  4692 net.cpp:84] relu1 <- conv1
I0721 10:38:16.722082  4692 net.cpp:98] relu1 -> conv1 (in-place)
I0721 10:38:16.722096  4692 net.cpp:125] Top shape: 256 96 55 55 (74342400)
I0721 10:38:16.722105  4692 net.cpp:151] relu1 needs backward computation.
I0721 10:38:16.722116  4692 net.cpp:74] Creating Layer pool1
I0721 10:38:16.722125  4692 net.cpp:84] pool1 <- conv1
I0721 10:38:16.722133  4692 net.cpp:110] pool1 -> pool1
I0721 10:38:16.722167  4692 net.cpp:125] Top shape: 256 96 27 27 (17915904)
I0721 10:38:16.722187  4692 net.cpp:151] pool1 needs backward computation.
I0721 10:38:16.722205  4692 net.cpp:74] Creating Layer norm1
I0721 10:38:16.722221  4692 net.cpp:84] norm1 <- pool1
I0721 10:38:16.722234  4692 net.cpp:110] norm1 -> norm1
I0721 10:38:16.722251  4692 net.cpp:125] Top shape: 256 96 27 27 (17915904)
I0721 10:38:16.722260  4692 net.cpp:151] norm1 needs backward computation.
I0721 10:38:16.722272  4692 net.cpp:74] Creating Layer conv2
I0721 10:38:16.722280  4692 net.cpp:84] conv2 <- norm1
I0721 10:38:16.722290  4692 net.cpp:110] conv2 -> conv2
I0721 10:38:16.725225  4692 net.cpp:125] Top shape: 256 256 27 27 (47775744)
I0721 10:38:16.725242  4692 net.cpp:151] conv2 needs backward computation.
I0721 10:38:16.725253  4692 net.cpp:74] Creating Layer relu2
I0721 10:38:16.725261  4692 net.cpp:84] relu2 <- conv2
I0721 10:38:16.725270  4692 net.cpp:98] relu2 -> conv2 (in-place)
I0721 10:38:16.725280  4692 net.cpp:125] Top shape: 256 256 27 27 (47775744)
I0721 10:38:16.725288  4692 net.cpp:151] relu2 needs backward computation.
I0721 10:38:16.725298  4692 net.cpp:74] Creating Layer pool2
I0721 10:38:16.725307  4692 net.cpp:84] pool2 <- conv2
I0721 10:38:16.725317  4692 net.cpp:110] pool2 -> pool2
I0721 10:38:16.725329  4692 net.cpp:125] Top shape: 256 256 13 13 (11075584)
I0721 10:38:16.725338  4692 net.cpp:151] pool2 needs backward computation.
I0721 10:38:16.725358  4692 net.cpp:74] Creating Layer norm2
I0721 10:38:16.725368  4692 net.cpp:84] norm2 <- pool2
I0721 10:38:16.725378  4692 net.cpp:110] norm2 -> norm2
I0721 10:38:16.725389  4692 net.cpp:125] Top shape: 256 256 13 13 (11075584)
I0721 10:38:16.725399  4692 net.cpp:151] norm2 needs backward computation.
I0721 10:38:16.725409  4692 net.cpp:74] Creating Layer conv3
I0721 10:38:16.725419  4692 net.cpp:84] conv3 <- norm2
I0721 10:38:16.725427  4692 net.cpp:110] conv3 -> conv3
I0721 10:38:16.735193  4692 net.cpp:125] Top shape: 256 384 13 13 (16613376)
I0721 10:38:16.735213  4692 net.cpp:151] conv3 needs backward computation.
I0721 10:38:16.735224  4692 net.cpp:74] Creating Layer relu3
I0721 10:38:16.735234  4692 net.cpp:84] relu3 <- conv3
I0721 10:38:16.735242  4692 net.cpp:98] relu3 -> conv3 (in-place)
I0721 10:38:16.735250  4692 net.cpp:125] Top shape: 256 384 13 13 (16613376)
I0721 10:38:16.735258  4692 net.cpp:151] relu3 needs backward computation.
I0721 10:38:16.735302  4692 net.cpp:74] Creating Layer conv4
I0721 10:38:16.735312  4692 net.cpp:84] conv4 <- conv3
I0721 10:38:16.735321  4692 net.cpp:110] conv4 -> conv4
I0721 10:38:16.743952  4692 net.cpp:125] Top shape: 256 384 13 13 (16613376)
I0721 10:38:16.743988  4692 net.cpp:151] conv4 needs backward computation.
I0721 10:38:16.744000  4692 net.cpp:74] Creating Layer relu4
I0721 10:38:16.744010  4692 net.cpp:84] relu4 <- conv4
I0721 10:38:16.744020  4692 net.cpp:98] relu4 -> conv4 (in-place)
I0721 10:38:16.744030  4692 net.cpp:125] Top shape: 256 384 13 13 (16613376)
I0721 10:38:16.744038  4692 net.cpp:151] relu4 needs backward computation.
I0721 10:38:16.744050  4692 net.cpp:74] Creating Layer conv5
I0721 10:38:16.744057  4692 net.cpp:84] conv5 <- conv4
I0721 10:38:16.744067  4692 net.cpp:110] conv5 -> conv5
I0721 10:38:16.748935  4692 net.cpp:125] Top shape: 256 256 13 13 (11075584)
I0721 10:38:16.748955  4692 net.cpp:151] conv5 needs backward computation.
I0721 10:38:16.748965  4692 net.cpp:74] Creating Layer relu5
I0721 10:38:16.748975  4692 net.cpp:84] relu5 <- conv5
I0721 10:38:16.748983  4692 net.cpp:98] relu5 -> conv5 (in-place)
I0721 10:38:16.748998  4692 net.cpp:125] Top shape: 256 256 13 13 (11075584)
I0721 10:38:16.749011  4692 net.cpp:151] relu5 needs backward computation.
I0721 10:38:16.749022  4692 net.cpp:74] Creating Layer pool5
I0721 10:38:16.749030  4692 net.cpp:84] pool5 <- conv5
I0721 10:38:16.749039  4692 net.cpp:110] pool5 -> pool5
I0721 10:38:16.749050  4692 net.cpp:125] Top shape: 256 256 6 6 (2359296)
I0721 10:38:16.749058  4692 net.cpp:151] pool5 needs backward computation.
I0721 10:38:16.749074  4692 net.cpp:74] Creating Layer fc6
I0721 10:38:16.749083  4692 net.cpp:84] fc6 <- pool5
I0721 10:38:16.749091  4692 net.cpp:110] fc6 -> fc6
I0721 10:38:17.160079  4692 net.cpp:125] Top shape: 256 4096 1 1 (1048576)
I0721 10:38:17.160148  4692 net.cpp:151] fc6 needs backward computation.
I0721 10:38:17.160166  4692 net.cpp:74] Creating Layer relu6
I0721 10:38:17.160177  4692 net.cpp:84] relu6 <- fc6
I0721 10:38:17.160190  4692 net.cpp:98] relu6 -> fc6 (in-place)
I0721 10:38:17.160202  4692 net.cpp:125] Top shape: 256 4096 1 1 (1048576)
I0721 10:38:17.160212  4692 net.cpp:151] relu6 needs backward computation.
I0721 10:38:17.160222  4692 net.cpp:74] Creating Layer drop6
I0721 10:38:17.160230  4692 net.cpp:84] drop6 <- fc6
I0721 10:38:17.160238  4692 net.cpp:98] drop6 -> fc6 (in-place)
I0721 10:38:17.160258  4692 net.cpp:125] Top shape: 256 4096 1 1 (1048576)
I0721 10:38:17.160265  4692 net.cpp:151] drop6 needs backward computation.
I0721 10:38:17.160277  4692 net.cpp:74] Creating Layer fc7
I0721 10:38:17.160286  4692 net.cpp:84] fc7 <- fc6
I0721 10:38:17.160295  4692 net.cpp:110] fc7 -> fc7
I0721 10:38:17.342094  4692 net.cpp:125] Top shape: 256 4096 1 1 (1048576)
I0721 10:38:17.342157  4692 net.cpp:151] fc7 needs backward computation.
I0721 10:38:17.342175  4692 net.cpp:74] Creating Layer relu7
I0721 10:38:17.342185  4692 net.cpp:84] relu7 <- fc7
I0721 10:38:17.342198  4692 net.cpp:98] relu7 -> fc7 (in-place)
I0721 10:38:17.342208  4692 net.cpp:125] Top shape: 256 4096 1 1 (1048576)
I0721 10:38:17.342217  4692 net.cpp:151] relu7 needs backward computation.
I0721 10:38:17.342228  4692 net.cpp:74] Creating Layer drop7
I0721 10:38:17.342236  4692 net.cpp:84] drop7 <- fc7
I0721 10:38:17.342245  4692 net.cpp:98] drop7 -> fc7 (in-place)
I0721 10:38:17.342254  4692 net.cpp:125] Top shape: 256 4096 1 1 (1048576)
I0721 10:38:17.342262  4692 net.cpp:151] drop7 needs backward computation.
I0721 10:38:17.342274  4692 net.cpp:74] Creating Layer fc8
I0721 10:38:17.342283  4692 net.cpp:84] fc8 <- fc7
I0721 10:38:17.342291  4692 net.cpp:110] fc8 -> fc8
I0721 10:38:17.343199  4692 net.cpp:125] Top shape: 256 22 1 1 (5632)
I0721 10:38:17.343214  4692 net.cpp:151] fc8 needs backward computation.
I0721 10:38:17.343231  4692 net.cpp:74] Creating Layer loss
I0721 10:38:17.343240  4692 net.cpp:84] loss <- fc8
I0721 10:38:17.343250  4692 net.cpp:84] loss <- label
I0721 10:38:17.343264  4692 net.cpp:151] loss needs backward computation.
I0721 10:38:17.343305  4692 net.cpp:173] Collecting Learning Rate and Weight Decay.
I0721 10:38:17.343327  4692 net.cpp:166] Network initialization done.
I0721 10:38:17.343335  4692 net.cpp:167] Memory required for Data 1073760256
 
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15年1月
 

CIFAR-10在caffe上进行训练与学习

使用数据库：CIFAR-10

60000张 32X32 彩色图像 10类，50000张训练，10000张测试

准备

在终端运行以下指令：

cd $CAFFE_ROOT/data/cifar10
./get_cifar10.sh
cd $CAFFE_ROOT/examples/cifar10
./create_cifar10.sh

其中CAFFE_ROOT是caffe-master在你机子的地址

运行之后，将会在examples中出现数据库文件./cifar10-leveldb和数据库图像均值二进制文件./mean.binaryproto

模型

该CNN由卷积层，POOLing层，非线性变换层，在顶端的局部对比归一化线性分类器组成。该模型的定义在CAFFE_ROOT/examples/cifar10 directory’s cifar10_quick_train.prototxt中，可以进行修改。其实后缀为prototxt很多都是用来修改配置的。

训练和测试

训练这个模型非常简单，当我们写好参数设置的文件cifar10_quick_solver.prototxt和定义的文件cifar10_quick_train.prototxt和cifar10_quick_test.prototxt后，运行train_quick.sh或者在终端输入下面的命令：

cd $CAFFE_ROOT/examples/cifar10
./train_quick.sh

即可，train_quick.sh是一个简单的脚本，会把执行的信息显示出来，培训的工具是train_net.bin,cifar10_quick_solver.prototxt作为参数。

然后出现类似以下的信息：这是搭建模型的相关信息

I0317 21:52:48.945710 2008298256 net.cpp:74] Creating Layer conv1
I0317 21:52:48.945716 2008298256 net.cpp:84] conv1 <- data
I0317 21:52:48.945725 2008298256 net.cpp:110] conv1 -> conv1
I0317 21:52:49.298691 2008298256 net.cpp:125] Top shape: 100 32 32 32 (3276800)
I0317 21:52:49.298719 2008298256 net.cpp:151] conv1 needs backward computation.

接着：

0317 21:52:49.309370 2008298256 net.cpp:166] Network initialization done.
I0317 21:52:49.309376 2008298256 net.cpp:167] Memory required for Data 23790808
I0317 21:52:49.309422 2008298256 solver.cpp:36] Solver scaffolding done.
I0317 21:52:49.309447 2008298256 solver.cpp:47] Solving CIFAR10_quick_train

之后，训练开始

I0317 21:53:12.179772 2008298256 solver.cpp:208] Iteration 100, lr = 0.001
I0317 21:53:12.185698 2008298256 solver.cpp:65] Iteration 100, loss = 1.73643
...
I0317 21:54:41.150030 2008298256 solver.cpp:87] Iteration 500, Testing net
I0317 21:54:47.129461 2008298256 solver.cpp:114] Test score #0: 0.5504
I0317 21:54:47.129500 2008298256 solver.cpp:114] Test score #1: 1.27805

其中每100次迭代次数显示一次训练时lr(learningrate),和loss（训练损失函数），每500次测试一次，输出score 0（准确率）和score 1（测试损失函数）

当5000次迭代之后，正确率约为75%，模型的参数存储在二进制protobuf格式在cifar10_quick_iter_5000

然后，这个模型就可以用来运行在新数据上了。

其他

另外，更改cifar*solver.prototxt文件可以使用CPU训练，

# solver mode: CPU or GPU
solver_mode: CPU

可以看看CPU和GPU训练的差别。

主要资料来源：caffe官网教程

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原文地址：https://www.cnblogs.com/zhehan54/p/7204653.html