deque迭代器失效的困惑？

~~在实现LRU算法的时候lru_list 開始用的是deque 可是由于害怕其在插入删除上的迭代器失效情况的诡异情况。遂用list取代之。~~

~~在数据量比較大的时候性能不是非常好。性能优化分析的时候决定用deque替换回来。于是对deque迭代器失效的情况好好研究了一下：~~

c++ primer如此写道：

1.在deque容器首部或者尾部插入元素不会使得不论什么迭代器失效。
2.在其首部或尾部删除元素则仅仅会使指向被删除元素的迭代器失效。

3.在deque容器的不论什么其它位置的插入和删除操作将使指向该容器元素的全部迭代器失效。

stackoverflow上对此的讨论：Confusion on iterators invalidation in deque

I'm bit confused regarding iterator invalidation in deque. (In the context of this question)

Following is the excerpts from -- The C++ Standard Library: A Tutorial and Reference, By Nicolai M. Josuttis

Any insertion or deletion of elements other than at the beginning or end invalidates all pointers, references, and iterators that refer to elements of the deque.

Following is the excerpts from SGI site:

The semantics of iterator invalidation for deque is as follows. Insert (including push_front and push_back) invalidates all iterators that refer to a deque. Erase in the middle of a deque invalidates all iterators that refer to the deque. Erase at the beginning or end of a deque (including pop_front and pop_back) invalidates an iterator only if it points to the erased element.

IMHO, deque is collection of blocks with first block growing in one direction and the last block in opposite direction.

  -   -  -  
  -   -  -
  |   -  -  ^
  |   -  -  |
  V   -  -  |
      -  -  -
      -  -  -

push_back, push_front should not have any impact on deque iterators ( I agree with Josuttis).

What is the correct explanation?

what the standard say on this?

完美的答案：

IMHO, deque is collection of blocks with first block growing in one direction and the last block in opposite direction.

Your opinion is your prerogative, but it's wrong. :)

deque is such a container semantically, but in terms of implementation it's designed to be implemented by one or more blocks of memory. C++'s iterator invalidation rules come from implementation, so this is why. Arguably this is a small abstraction leak but, well, whatever.

The SGI STL documentation is not the proper documentation to read, because the SGI STL is not the C++ Standard Library. Unfortunately, Josuttis is one of those people who calls it "the STL", and this has led to your confusion.

Following is the excerpts from -- The C++ Standard Library: A Tutorial and Reference, By Nicolai M. Josuttis

Any insertion or deletion of elements other than at the beginning or end invalidates all pointers, references, and iterators that refer to elements of the deque.

Put simply, this passage from Josuttis is misleading in implying that the insertion or deletion of elements thatare at the beginning or end do not invalidate pointers, references or iterators … though it's worth noting that he never comes out and asserts this outright.

Here are the real, proper, official rules for std::deque:

C++03

Insertion: all iterators and references are invalidated, unless the inserted member is at an end (front or back) of the deque (in which case all iterators are invalidated, but references to elements are unaffected) [23.2.1.3/1]
Erasure: all iterators and references are invalidated, unless the erased members are at an end (front or back) of the deque (in which case only iterators and references to the erased members are invalidated) [23.2.1.3/4]
Resizing: as per insert/erase [23.2.1.2/1]

C++11

Insertion: all iterators and references are invalidated, unless the inserted member is at an end (front or back) of the deque (in which case all iterators are invalidated, but references to elements are unaffected) [23.3.3.4/1]
Erasure: erasing the last element invalidates only iterators and references to the erased elements and the past-the-end iterator; erasing the first element invalidates only iterators and references to the erased elements; erasing any other elements invalidates all iterators and references (including the past-the-end iterator) [23.3.3.4/4]
Resizing: as per insert/erase [23.3.3.4/1]