SQLServer 数据库镜像+复制切换方案

目标：

主机做了Mirror和Replication，当主机出现问题时，Replication和Mirror实现自动的故障转移（Mirror 和Replication都切换到备机，而当主机

重新启动后，自动充当备机的角色）。

环境：

五台虚拟机，配置均为Windows2008 Enterprise + SQLServer2008R2 Enterprise

08R201：Mirror 见证机(WITNESS) IP:192.168.56.101

08R202：主机（Rep+Mirror） IP:192.168.56.102

08R203：Rep分发机 IP:192.168.56.103

08R204：Rep订阅机 IP:192.168.56.104

08R205：镜像机（Mirror） IP:192.168.56.105

步骤：

配置有见证服务器的镜像

创建证书和Endpoint

08R202(Master) 上运行下面的脚本：

 --主机执行：
    USE master;
    CREATE MASTER KEY ENCRYPTION BY PASSWORD = '123456abc';
    CREATE CERTIFICATE HOST_A_cert WITH SUBJECT = 'HOST_A certificate' , 
    START_DATE = '11/08/2010',EXPIRY_DATE = '10/31/2099';

--主机执行：
    CREATE ENDPOINT Endpoint_Mirroring 
    STATE = STARTED 
    AS 
    TCP ( LISTENER_PORT=5022 , LISTENER_IP = ALL ) 
    FOR 
    DATABASE_MIRRORING 
    ( AUTHENTICATION = CERTIFICATE HOST_A_cert , ENCRYPTION = REQUIRED ALGORITHM AES , ROLE = ALL );

--主机执行：

    BACKUP CERTIFICATE HOST_A_cert TO FILE = 'D:HOST_A_cert.cer';

08R205(Mirror) 上运行下面的脚本：

--备机执行：
    USE master;
    CREATE MASTER KEY ENCRYPTION BY PASSWORD = '123456abc';
    CREATE CERTIFICATE HOST_B_cert WITH SUBJECT = 'HOST_B certificate', 
    START_DATE = '11/08/2010',EXPIRY_DATE = '10/31/2099';

--备机执行：
    CREATE ENDPOINT Endpoint_Mirroring 
    STATE = STARTED 
    AS 
    TCP ( LISTENER_PORT=5022 , LISTENER_IP = ALL ) 
    FOR 
    DATABASE_MIRRORING 
    ( AUTHENTICATION = CERTIFICATE HOST_B_cert , ENCRYPTION = REQUIRED ALGORITHM AES , ROLE = ALL );

--备机执行：
    BACKUP CERTIFICATE HOST_B_cert TO FILE = 'D:HOST_B_cert.cer';

08R201(WITNESS) 上运行下面的脚本：

--见证机执行
USE master;
CREATE MASTER KEY ENCRYPTION BY PASSWORD = '123456abc';
CREATE CERTIFICATE HOST_W_cert WITH SUBJECT = 'HOST_W certificate', 
START_DATE = '11/08/2010',EXPIRY_DATE = '10/31/2099';

--见证机执行
CREATE ENDPOINT Endpoint_Mirroring 
STATE = STARTED 
AS 
TCP ( LISTENER_PORT=5022 , LISTENER_IP = ALL ) 
FOR 
DATABASE_MIRRORING 
( AUTHENTICATION = CERTIFICATE HOST_W_cert , ENCRYPTION = REQUIRED ALGORITHM AES , ROLE = ALL );

--见证机执行
BACKUP CERTIFICATE HOST_W_cert TO FILE = 'D:HOST_W_cert.cer';

交换证书

将HOST_B_cert.cer和HOST_W_cert.cer拷贝到 08R202 机器的”D:Cert“目录；

将HOST_A_cert.cer和HOST_W_cert.cer拷贝到 08R205 机器的”D:Cert“目录；

将HOST_A_cert.cer和HOST_B_cert.cer拷贝到 08R201 机器的”D:Cert“目录；

08R202(Master) 上运行下面的脚本：

--Master
CREATE LOGIN HOST_B_login WITH PASSWORD = '123abc!@#';
CREATE USER HOST_B_user FOR LOGIN HOST_B_login;
CREATE CERTIFICATE HOST_B_cert AUTHORIZATION HOST_B_user FROM FILE = 'D:CertHOST_B_cert.cer';
GRANT CONNECT ON ENDPOINT::Endpoint_Mirroring TO [HOST_B_login];
    
CREATE LOGIN HOST_W_login WITH PASSWORD = '123abc!@#';
CREATE USER HOST_W_user FOR LOGIN HOST_W_login;
CREATE CERTIFICATE HOST_W_cert AUTHORIZATION HOST_W_user FROM FILE = 'D:CertHOST_W_cert.cer';
GRANT CONNECT ON ENDPOINT::Endpoint_Mirroring TO [HOST_W_login];

08R205(Mirror) 上运行下面的脚本：

--Mirror
CREATE LOGIN HOST_A_login WITH PASSWORD = '123abc!@#';
CREATE USER HOST_A_user FOR LOGIN HOST_A_login;
CREATE CERTIFICATE HOST_A_cert AUTHORIZATION HOST_A_user FROM FILE = 'D:CertHOST_A_cert.cer';
GRANT CONNECT ON ENDPOINT::Endpoint_Mirroring TO [HOST_A_login];
    
CREATE LOGIN HOST_W_login WITH PASSWORD = '123abc!@#';
CREATE USER HOST_W_user FOR LOGIN HOST_W_login;
CREATE CERTIFICATE HOST_W_cert AUTHORIZATION HOST_W_user FROM FILE = 'D:CertHOST_W_cert.cer';
GRANT CONNECT ON ENDPOINT::Endpoint_Mirroring TO [HOST_W_login];

08R201(WITNESS) 上运行下面的脚本：

--WITNESS
CREATE LOGIN HOST_A_login WITH PASSWORD = '123abc!@#';
CREATE USER HOST_A_user FOR LOGIN HOST_A_login;
CREATE CERTIFICATE HOST_A_cert AUTHORIZATION HOST_A_user FROM FILE = 'D:CertHOST_A_cert.cer';
GRANT CONNECT ON ENDPOINT::Endpoint_Mirroring TO [HOST_A_login];
    
CREATE LOGIN HOST_B_login WITH PASSWORD = '123abc!@#';
CREATE USER HOST_B_user FOR LOGIN HOST_B_login;
CREATE CERTIFICATE HOST_B_cert AUTHORIZATION HOST_B_user FROM FILE = 'D:CertHOST_B_cert.cer';
GRANT CONNECT ON ENDPOINT::Endpoint_Mirroring TO [HOST_B_login];

备份还原数据库

08R202(Master) 上备份数据库：

  BACKUP DATABASE RepTest TO DISK='D:	empRepTest.bak'
  BACKUP LOG RepTest TO DISK='D:	empRepTest.trn'

将备份文件拷贝到 08R205(Mirror) 上做还原（最好以SA帐号登录，使得数据库所有者为”SA“）：

  --RESTORE 
RESTORE DATABASE RepTest FROM  DISK = N'D:RepTest.bak' 
WITH  FILE = 1,  
MOVE N'RepTest' TO N'D:DataRepTest.mdf',  
MOVE N'RepTest_log' TO N'D:DataRepTest_log.ldf',   
NORECOVERY,  NOUNLOAD,  STATS = 10
GO

RESTORE LOG RepTest FROM DISK ='D:RepTest.trn' WITH NORECOVERY

建立镜像

在08R205(Mirror) 上执行：

--Mirror
ALTER DATABASE RepTest SET PARTNER = 'TCP://192.168.56.102:5022';

在 08R202(Master)上执行：

ALTER DATABASE RepTest SET PARTNER = 'TCP://192.168.56.105:5022';

ALTER DATABASE RepTest SET WITNESS = 'TCP://192.168.56.101:5022';

ALTER DATABASE RepTest SET SAFETY FULL

到此，镜像已经建立完成。

配置Replication（事务型复制）

Replicaiton不做具体的搭建过程，只做几点说明：

1. 08R202和08R205都需要搭建到08R203的Distribution；

2. 08R202和08R205上的发布库的所有者必须为“SA”，否则切换会出现如下错误：The process could not execute 'sp_replcmds' on 'WIN-08R205'.

3. 08R203分发机上配置文件需要做如下修改（配置故障转移Partner）：

    --配置复制故障转移参数
    --查看代理配置，在分发服务器运行
    exec sp_help_agent_profile
    --Agent_Type含义
    --1 = Snapshot Agent; 2 = Log Reader Agent; 3 = Distribution Agent; 
    --4 = Merge Agent; 9 = Queue Reader Agent.
    --对于事务复制，需查看Agent_Type=1,2的Profile_id
    
    --对于事务复制，需要配置快照代理(Snapshot Agent)和日志读取代理(Log Reader Agent)
    exec sp_add_agent_parameter @profile_id = 1, 
    @parameter_name = N'-PublisherFailoverPartner', 
    @parameter_value = N'WIN-08R205'--镜像服务器名称
    
    exec sp_add_agent_parameter @profile_id = 2, 
    @parameter_name = N'-PublisherFailoverPartner', 
    @parameter_value = N'WIN-08R205'--镜像服务器名称

修改完成后，记得重启Agent服务，使之生效。

4. 从08R202创建到08R204的同步链。

模拟故障转移并观察结果

1. 暂停08R202的SQLServer服务；

2. 到08R205上观察镜像和同步链是否转移过去了；

3. 如果同步链正常，修改某个表中的数据，看是否能同步到08R204上；

4. 重新启动08R202的SQLServer服务，看其是否成为了镜像机；

5. 如果一起都正常，那恭喜啦，我们的测试成功。