一、前言
pytest配置文件可以改变pytest的运行方式，它是一个固定的文件pytest.ini文件，读取配置信息，按指定的方式去执行。
二、ini配置文件
pytest里面有些文件是非test文件
（1）pytest.ini pytest的主配置文件，可以改变pytest的默认行为
（2）conftest.py测试用例的一些fixture配置
（3）init.py识别该文件夹为python的package包
（4）tox.ini与pytest.ini类似，用tox工具时候才有用
（5）setup.cfg也是ini格式文件，影响setup.py的行为
ini文件基本格式
# 保存为pytest.ini文件 [pytest] addopts = -rsxX xfail_strict = true
使用pytest --help指令可以查看pytest.ini的设置选项
[pytest] ini-options in the first pytest.ini|tox.ini|setup.cfg file found: markers (linelist) markers for test functions empty_parameter_set_mark (string) default marker for empty parametersets norecursedirs (args) directory patterns to avoid for recursion testpaths (args) directories to search for tests when no files or dire console_output_style (string) console output: classic or with additional progr usefixtures (args) list of default fixtures to be used with this project python_files (args) glob-style file patterns for Python test module disco python_classes (args) prefixes or glob names for Python test class discover python_functions (args) prefixes or glob names for Python test function and m xfail_strict (bool) default for the strict parameter of addopts (args) extra command line options minversion (string) minimally required pytest version
--rsxX表示pytest报告所有测试用例被跳过、预计失败、预计失败但实际被通过的原因
三、mark标记
如下案例，使用了2个标签：webtest和hello，使用mark标记功能对于以后分类测试非常有用处
import pytest @pytest.mark.webtest def test_send_http(): print("mark web test") def test_something_quick(): pass def test_another(): pass @pytest.mark.hello class TestClass: def test_01(self): print("hello:") def test_02(self): print("hello world!") if __name__=="__main__": pytest.main(["-v","test_mark.py","-m=hello"])
运行结果：
============================= test session starts ============================= platform win32 -- Python 3.6.0, pytest-3.6.3, py-1.5.4, pluggy-0.6.0 -- D:softpython3.6python.exe cachedir: .pytest_cache metadata: {'Python': '3.6.0', 'Platform': 'Windows-7-6.1.7601-SP1', 'Packages': {'pytest': '3.6.3', 'py': '1.5.4', 'pluggy': '0.6.0'}, 'Plugins': {'metadata': '1.7.0', 'html': '1.19.0', 'allure-adaptor': '1.7.10'}, 'JAVA_HOME': 'D:\soft\jdk18\jdk18v'} rootdir: D:YOYO, inifile: plugins: metadata-1.7.0, html-1.19.0, allure-adaptor-1.7.10 collecting ... collected 5 items / 3 deselected test_mark.py::TestClass::test_01 PASSED [ 50%] test_mark.py::TestClass::test_02 PASSED [100%] =================== 2 passed, 3 deselected in 0.11 seconds ====================
有时候标签多了，不容易记住，为了方便后续执行指令的时候能准确使用mark的标签，可以写入到pytest.ini文件
# pytest.ini [pytest] markers = webtest: Run the webtest case hello: Run the hello case
标记好之后，可以使用pytest --markers查看到
pytest --markers
四、禁用xpass
设置xfail_strict = true可以让那些标记为@pytest.mark.xfail但实际通过的测试用例被报告为失败，什么叫标记为@pytest.mark.xfail但实际通过，这个比较绕脑，看以下案例
import pytest def test_hello(): print("hello world!") assert 1 @pytest.mark.xfail() def test_01(): a = "hello" b = "hello world" assert a == b @pytest.mark.xfail() def test_02(): a = "hello" b = "hello world" assert a != b if __name__=="__main__": pytest.main(["-v","test_xpass.py"])
运行结果：
collecting ... collected 3 items test_xpass.py::test_hello PASSED [ 33%] test_xpass.py::test_01 xfail [ 66%] test_xpass.py::test_02 XPASS [100%] =============== 1 passed, 1 xfailed, 1 xpassed in 0.27 seconds ================
test_01和test_02这2个用例一个是a == b一个是a != b，两个都标记失败了，我们希望两个用例不用执行全部显示xfail。实际上最后一个却显示xpass。为了让两个都显示xfail，那就加个配置xfail_strict = true
# pytest.ini [pytest] markers = webtest: Run the webtest case hello: Run the hello case xfail_strict = true
运行结果：
collecting ... collected 3 items test_xpass.py::test_hello PASSED [ 33%] test_xpass.py::test_01 xfail [ 66%] test_xpass.py::test_02 FAILED [100%] ================================== FAILURES =================================== _________________________________ test_yoyo2 __________________________________ [XPASS(strict)] ================ 1 failed, 1 passed, 1 xfailed in 0.05 seconds ================