这是Struts2官方站点提供的Struts 2 的整体结构。
一个请求在Struts2框架中的处理大概分为以下几个步骤:
Struts2.0是struts1.0和WebWork2.2合并版本,集成了两大流行MVC框架的优点,对struts框架来说是一个大的提升,同时也更大程度地简化了开发人员的开发过程。
这个例子实现了一个简单的登陆效果,操作步骤如下:
1、首先,要从apache网站上下载struts2.0.11的完整包(http://struts.apache.org/downloads.html),解压后需要找到下列几个文件:
commons-logging-1.0.4.jar
freemarker-2.3.8.jar
ognl-2.6.11.jar
struts2-core-2.0.11.jar
xwork-2.0.4.jar
2、然后,我们就开始做第一个例子,新建web项目struts2
3、将上面列举的jar文件拷贝到项目struts2\WEB-INF\lib中,或添加自己的strust2.0用户库
4、新建login.jsp
- <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
- <%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8"
- pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
- <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
- <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
- <head>
- <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8" />
- <title>Insert title here</title>
- </head>
- <body>
- <form action="login.action" method="post">
- username:<input type="text" name="username" /><p>
- password:<input type="password" name="password" /><p>
- <input type="submit" name="Submit" value="提交" />
- </form>
- </body>
- </html>
struts1与struts2的区别:
<form action="login.action" method="post">
struts1通过servlet拦截所有发送过来以do结尾的请求,交有ActionServlet控制,决定由那个Action进行处理
5、新建result.jsp
- <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
- <%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8"
- pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
- <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
- <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
- <head>
- <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8" />
- <title>Insert title here</title>
- </head>
- <body>
- username:${requestScope.username}<br>
- password:${requestScope.password}
- </body>
- </html>
6、修改web.xml
- <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
- <web-app id="WebApp_ID" version="2.4" xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee/web-app_2_4.xsd">
- <display-name>
- struts2.0</display-name>
- <welcome-file-list>
- <welcome-file>login.jsp</welcome-file>
- </welcome-file-list>
- <filter>
- <filter-name>struts2.0</filter-name>
- <filter-class>org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.FilterDispatcher</filter-class>
- </filter>
- <filter-mapping>
- <filter-name>struts2.0</filter-name>
- <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
- </filter-mapping>
- </web-app>
struts1与struts2的区别:
struts1是通过servlet做控制器
struts2这里采用Filter过滤客户端发过来的请求
7、创建loginAction.java
- package com.action;
- public class loginAction {
- private String username;
- private String password;
- public String getUsername() {
- return username;
- }
- public void setUsername(String username) {
- this.username = username;
- }
- public String getPassword() {
- return password;
- }
- public void setPassword(String password) {
- this.password = password;
- }
- public String execute()throws Exception{
- return "success";
- }
- }
struts1与struts2的区别:
struts1必须继承Action,覆盖execute()
struts2则不需要
8、添加struts.xml
- <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
- <!DOCTYPE struts PUBLIC
- "-//Apache Software Foundation//DTD Struts Configuration 2.0//EN"
- "http://struts.apache.org/dtds/struts-2.0.dtd">
- <struts>
- <package name="struts2.0" extends="struts-default">
- <action name="login" class="com.action.loginAction">
- <result name="success">/result.jsp</result>
- </action>
- </package>
- </struts>
struts1与struts2的区别:
struts1在项目\WEB-INF\struts-config.xml配置文件
struts2在项目\src\struts.xml配置文件
9、o了,简单的例子以完成,下面是代码重构:
使用struts2.0标签,添加校验功能
1、修改login.jsp,改为使用struts2.0标签
导入标签<%@ taglib prefix="s" uri="/struts-tags"%>
把form表单替换为使用struts2.0标签
- <s:form action="login">
- <s:textfield name="username" label="username"></s:textfield>
- <s:password name="password" label="password"></s:password>
- <s:submit label="submit"></s:submit>
- </s:form>
(使用标签可以自动换行,按钮默认右对齐)
2、修改loginAction.java
loginAction继承ActionSupport
重写Validate()验证方法
- @Override
- public void validate() {
- if(null==this.getUsername()||"".equals(this.getUsername().trim())){
- this.addFieldError("username", "username error");//添加错误信息
- }
- if(null==this.getPassword()||"".equals(this.getPassword().trim())){
- this.addFieldError("password", "password error");//添加错误信息
- }
- }
3、修改struts.xml,添加出错返回的页面
- <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
- <!DOCTYPE struts PUBLIC
- "-//Apache Software Foundation//DTD Struts Configuration 2.0//EN"
- "http://struts.apache.org/dtds/struts-2.0.dtd">
- <struts>
- <package name="struts2.0" extends="struts-default">
- <action name="login" class="com.action.loginAction">
- <!-- 添加出错返回的页面 -->
- <result name="input">/login.jsp</result> <result name="success">/result.jsp</result>
- </action>
- </package>
- </struts>
struts1与struts2的区别:
struts1需要在form里添加<html:errors/>标签,来提示错误处理的信息
struts2则不需要
匹配用户名为hello,密码为world
1、修改loginAction.java下的execute()方法
- public String execute()throws Exception{
- if("hello".equals(this.getUsername().trim())&&"world".equals(this.getPassword().trim())){
- return "success";
- }
- else{
- this.addFieldError("username", "username or password error");//定义在username上面提示错误信息
- return "failer";
- }
- }
2、修改struts.xml,增加failer映射
- <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
- <!DOCTYPE struts PUBLIC
- "-//Apache Software Foundation//DTD Struts Configuration 2.0//EN"
- "http://struts.apache.org/dtds/struts-2.0.dtd">
- <struts>
- <package name="struts2.0" extends="struts-default">
- <action name="login" class="com.action.loginAction">
- <result name="input">/login.jsp</result>
- <result name="success">/result.jsp</result>
- <!-- 增加failer映射 -->
- <result name="failer">/login.jsp</result>
- </action>
- </package>
- </struts>
3、全部完成,把制作好的web应用struts2拷贝到tomcat下运行