一、鼠标操作
百度首页-->点击设置(移动鼠标到设置、鼠标悬停setting元素）-->点击高级搜索
import time from selenium import webdriver from selenium.webdriver import ActionChains driver = webdriver.Chrome() driver.maximize_window() driver.implicitly_wait(5) driver.get("http://www.baidu.com") setting = driver.find_element_by_id("s-usersetting-top") # 鼠标悬停到设置元素(初始化链条，调用里面的方法操作；全局变量） acting_chains = ActionChains(driver) acting_chains.move_to_element(setting).perform() time.sleep(2) adv_setting = driver.find_element_by_link_text("高级搜索") adv_setting.click() time.sleep(2) driver.quit()
注意：perform（）一定不能忘记，否则动作不会生效。
了解ActionChains类，封装了很多鼠标操作的方法
1）.click()点击
ActionChains(driver).click(elem).perform()
2）.click_and_hold 点击不动
ActionChains(driver).click_and_hold(on_element).perform()
3）.context_click 右击
ActionChains(driver).context_click(on_element).perform()
4）.double_click 双击
ActionChains(driver).double_click(on_element).perform()
5）.drag_and_drop 鼠标拖拽
ActionChains(driver).drag_and_drop(source,target).perform()
其他方法操作类似：先初始化，然后调用方法
二、ActionChains调用（链式调用）
_actions = [] def move_to(): print("移动指令") def click(): print("点击") _actions.append(click) _actions.append(move_to) def perform(): for action in _actions: action() perform()
在perform（）函数中，直接调用action（），action里面包含了两个方法
ActionChains类里面，perform()方法是最后释放的，没有返回值。
click()，double_click() 、click_and_hold()、content_click()等，都是返回self,因为只有返回她自己，才能继续调用这个类里面的其他的方法。
重点：链式调用的前提是要返回self,才能继续调用自己的方法
ActionChains类源码：
class ActionChains(object): def __init__(self, driver): self._driver = driver self._actions = [] if self._driver.w3c: self.w3c_actions = ActionBuilder(driver) def perform(self): if self._driver.w3c: self.w3c_actions.perform() else: for action in self._actions: action() def reset_actions(self): if self._driver.w3c: self.w3c_actions.clear_actions() self._actions = [] def click(self, on_element=None): if on_element: self.move_to_element(on_element) if self._driver.w3c: self.w3c_actions.pointer_action.click() self.w3c_actions.key_action.pause() self.w3c_actions.key_action.pause() else: self._actions.append(lambda: self._driver.execute( Command.CLICK, {'button': 0})) return self def click_and_hold(self, on_element=None): if on_element: self.move_to_element(on_element) if self._driver.w3c: self.w3c_actions.pointer_action.click_and_hold() self.w3c_actions.key_action.pause() else: self._actions.append(lambda: self._driver.execute( Command.MOUSE_DOWN, {})) return self def context_click(self, on_element=None): if on_element: self.move_to_element(on_element) if self._driver.w3c: self.w3c_actions.pointer_action.context_click() self.w3c_actions.key_action.pause() self.w3c_actions.key_action.pause() else: self._actions.append(lambda: self._driver.execute( Command.CLICK, {'button': 2})) return self def double_click(self, on_element=None): if on_element: self.move_to_element(on_element) if self._driver.w3c: self.w3c_actions.pointer_action.double_click() for _ in range(4): self.w3c_actions.key_action.pause() else: self._actions.append(lambda: self._driver.execute( Command.DOUBLE_CLICK, {})) return self def drag_and_drop(self, source, target): """ - source: The element to mouse down. - target: The element to mouse up. """ self.click_and_hold(source) self.release(target) return self def drag_and_drop_by_offset(self, source, xoffset, yoffset): """ - source: The element to mouse down. - xoffset: X offset to move to. - yoffset: Y offset to move to. """ self.click_and_hold(source) self.move_by_offset(xoffset, yoffset) self.release() return self def key_down(self, value, element=None): if element: self.click(element) if self._driver.w3c: self.w3c_actions.key_action.key_down(value) self.w3c_actions.pointer_action.pause() else: self._actions.append(lambda: self._driver.execute( Command.SEND_KEYS_TO_ACTIVE_ELEMENT, {"value": keys_to_typing(value)})) return self def key_up(self, value, element=None): if element: self.click(element) if self._driver.w3c: self.w3c_actions.key_action.key_up(value) self.w3c_actions.pointer_action.pause() else: self._actions.append(lambda: self._driver.execute( Command.SEND_KEYS_TO_ACTIVE_ELEMENT, {"value": keys_to_typing(value)})) return self def move_by_offset(self, xoffset, yoffset): if self._driver.w3c: self.w3c_actions.pointer_action.move_by(xoffset, yoffset) self.w3c_actions.key_action.pause() else: self._actions.append(lambda: self._driver.execute( Command.MOVE_TO, { 'xoffset': int(xoffset), 'yoffset': int(yoffset)})) return self def move_to_element(self, to_element): if self._driver.w3c: self.w3c_actions.pointer_action.move_to(to_element) self.w3c_actions.key_action.pause() else: self._actions.append(lambda: self._driver.execute( Command.MOVE_TO, {'element': to_element.id})) return self def move_to_element_with_offset(self, to_element, xoffset, yoffset): if self._driver.w3c: self.w3c_actions.pointer_action.move_to(to_element, xoffset, yoffset) self.w3c_actions.key_action.pause() else: self._actions.append( lambda: self._driver.execute(Command.MOVE_TO, { 'element': to_element.id, 'xoffset': int(xoffset), 'yoffset': int(yoffset)})) return self def pause(self, seconds): if on_element: self.move_to_element(on_element) if self._driver.w3c: self.w3c_actions.pointer_action.release() self.w3c_actions.key_action.pause() else: self._actions.append(lambda: self._driver.execute(Command.MOUSE_UP, {})) return self def send_keys(self, *keys_to_send): typing = keys_to_typing(keys_to_send) if self._driver.w3c: for key in typing: self.key_down(key) self.key_up(key) else: self._actions.append(lambda: self._driver.execute( Command.SEND_KEYS_TO_ACTIVE_ELEMENT, {'value': typing})) return self def send_keys_to_element(self, element, *keys_to_send): self.click(element) self.send_keys(*keys_to_send) return self def __enter__(self): return self # Return created instance of self. def __exit__(self, _type, _value, _traceback): pass # Do nothing, does not require additional cleanup.
三、键盘操作
1）提交数据 elem.send_keys()
from selenium import webdriver from selenium.webdriver.common.keys import Keys driver = webdriver.Chrome() driver.maximize_window() driver.implicitly_wait(5) driver.get("http://www.baidu.com") e = driver.find_element_by_id("kw") e.send_keys("zjx") # 导入Keys，封装了键盘的按键，如下发送回车按键 e.send_keys(Keys.ENTER)
发送ctrl+c
e.send_keys(Keys.CTRL,'c')
提交数据的三种方式:
--定位提交按钮，点击
--发送回车按钮
--数据在form表单中使用submit
import timefrom selenium import webdriver driver = webdriver.Chrome() driver.get("http://www.baidu.com") elem= driver.find_element_by_id("kw") elem.send_keys("zjx") time.sleep(2) #submit提交的数据要在form表单当中 elem.submit()
四、select操作
方法1：点击option元素（先定位到option元素再click）
方法2：使用Select类（先定位select元素，再进行选择value）
<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Title</title> </head> <body> <div> <p id="hello" onclick="alertMe()"> hello world </p> <P> select下拉框 </P> <script value="myselect"> function alertMe(){ alert("hello world") } </script> <select name="myselect"> <option value="xx">小雪</option> <option value="xy">小样儿</option> <option value="xz">小章</option> <option value="xll"> 小丽丽</option> </select> </div> </body> </html>
import time from selenium import webdriver from selenium.webdriver.common.keys import Keys from selenium.webdriver.support.select import Select driver = webdriver.Chrome() driver.maximize_window() driver.implicitly_wait(5) driver.get("http://localhost:63342/study/Lemon/demohtml.html?_ijt=sae0jk3u4qid1qlmev846b2mka") # 第一种：直接定位option元素 xy = driver.find_element_by_xpath('//option[@value="xy"]') xy.click() # 第二种：使用Select # 先定位到Select元素，在选择选项 select_elem = driver.find_element_by_name("myselect") s = Select(select_elem)
# 通过value选择 s.select_by_value('xy')
# 通过可见文本选择 s.select_by_visible_text("小章")