springboot源码解析-管中窥豹系列之自动装配（九）

一、前言

  • Springboot源码解析是一件大工程，逐行逐句的去研究代码，会很枯燥，也不容易坚持下去。
  • 我们不追求大而全，而是试着每次去研究一个小知识点，最终聚沙成塔，这就是我们的springboot源码管中窥豹系列。

简介

二、何为自动装配？

  • 我们想用redis，直接引入spring-boot-starter-data-redis的依赖，配置加上就能用。
  • 我们想用mongodb, 直接引入mongodb的依赖
  • 我们想用缓存，直接引入cache的依赖
  • 我们在：springboot源码解析-管中窥豹系列之web服务器（七） 里面想更换不同的web服务器，更换不同的依赖，那里也是用到自动装配

三、源码分析

我们从main方法所在类开始看：

import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;

@SpringBootApplication
public class MyprojectApplication {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(MyprojectApplication.class, args);
    }

}

这次不进main方法，我们看注解：@SpringBootApplication

@Target(ElementType.TYPE)
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
@Documented
@Inherited
@SpringBootConfiguration
@EnableAutoConfiguration
@ComponentScan(excludeFilters = { @Filter(type = FilterType.CUSTOM, classes = TypeExcludeFilter.class),
		@Filter(type = FilterType.CUSTOM, classes = AutoConfigurationExcludeFilter.class) })
public @interface SpringBootApplication {

    ...

}
  • 我们看这个注解：@EnableAutoConfiguration
  • 注意这个注解是在：spring-boot-autoconifgure依赖包里面
@Target(ElementType.TYPE)
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
@Documented
@Inherited
@AutoConfigurationPackage
@Import(AutoConfigurationImportSelector.class)
public @interface EnableAutoConfiguration {

	String ENABLED_OVERRIDE_PROPERTY = "spring.boot.enableautoconfiguration";

	Class<?>[] exclude() default {};

	String[] excludeName() default {};

}
  • spring.boot.enableautoconfiguration：自动装配的开关，默认开
  • 我们看这个：@Import(AutoConfigurationImportSelector.class)
  • springboot会加载@Import 和 继承ImportSelector的类 到bean集合里面
public class AutoConfigurationImportSelector implements DeferredImportSelector, BeanClassLoaderAware,
		ResourceLoaderAware, BeanFactoryAware, EnvironmentAware, Ordered {

    ...

}
  • 继承的各种Aware，我们之前说过：springboot源码解析-管中窥豹系列之aware（六）
  • Ordered：我们在之前排序那一节也说过：springboot源码解析-管中窥豹系列之排序（五）
  • ImportSelector是把继承的selectImports方法的返回数组转换成加载的bean
public class AutoConfigurationImportSelector implements DeferredImportSelector, BeanClassLoaderAware,
		ResourceLoaderAware, BeanFactoryAware, EnvironmentAware, Ordered {

    ....

	private static final String[] NO_IMPORTS = {};

	@Override
	public String[] selectImports(AnnotationMetadata annotationMetadata) {
		if (!isEnabled(annotationMetadata)) {
			return NO_IMPORTS;
		}
		AutoConfigurationEntry autoConfigurationEntry = getAutoConfigurationEntry(annotationMetadata);
		return StringUtils.toStringArray(autoConfigurationEntry.getConfigurations());
	}

	protected boolean isEnabled(AnnotationMetadata metadata) {
		if (getClass() == AutoConfigurationImportSelector.class) {
			return getEnvironment().getProperty(EnableAutoConfiguration.ENABLED_OVERRIDE_PROPERTY, Boolean.class, true);
		}
		return true;
	}

    ....

}
  • 先判断开关，没打开就返回空数组
  • getAutoConfigurationEntry() 拿到要加载成bean的对象
  • 转换成数组返回
  • 我们看看这个方法：getAutoConfigurationEntry()
protected AutoConfigurationEntry getAutoConfigurationEntry(AnnotationMetadata annotationMetadata) {
    if (!isEnabled(annotationMetadata)) {
        return EMPTY_ENTRY;
    }
    AnnotationAttributes attributes = getAttributes(annotationMetadata);
    List<String> configurations = getCandidateConfigurations(annotationMetadata, attributes);
    configurations = removeDuplicates(configurations);
    Set<String> exclusions = getExclusions(annotationMetadata, attributes);
    checkExcludedClasses(configurations, exclusions);
    configurations.removeAll(exclusions);
    configurations = getConfigurationClassFilter().filter(configurations);
    fireAutoConfigurationImportEvents(configurations, exclusions);
    return new AutoConfigurationEntry(configurations, exclusions);
}
  • 其它行都是加工数据的，或者exlusions(排除)，filter(过滤)
  • 最重要的是：List configurations = getCandidateConfigurations(annotationMetadata, attributes);
  • 我们看这个方法：getCandidateConfigurations
protected List<String> getCandidateConfigurations(AnnotationMetadata metadata, AnnotationAttributes attributes) {
    List<String> configurations = SpringFactoriesLoader.loadFactoryNames(getSpringFactoriesLoaderFactoryClass(),
            getBeanClassLoader());
    Assert.notEmpty(configurations, "No auto configuration classes found in META-INF/spring.factories. If you "
            + "are using a custom packaging, make sure that file is correct.");
    return configurations;
}

protected Class<?> getSpringFactoriesLoaderFactoryClass() {
    return EnableAutoConfiguration.class;
}
  • SpringFactoriesLoader.loadFactoryNames, 我们之前说过，是从spring.factories里面加载对应的class
  • 这次要加载的class: EnableAutoConfiguration
  • 我们到spring.factories里面找找
# Auto Configure
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.EnableAutoConfiguration=
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.admin.SpringApplicationAdminJmxAutoConfiguration,
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.aop.AopAutoConfiguration,
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.amqp.RabbitAutoConfiguration,
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.batch.BatchAutoConfiguration,
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.cache.CacheAutoConfiguration,
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.cassandra.CassandraAutoConfiguration,
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.context.ConfigurationPropertiesAutoConfiguration,
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.context.LifecycleAutoConfiguration,
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.context.MessageSourceAutoConfiguration,
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.context.PropertyPlaceholderAutoConfiguration,
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.couchbase.CouchbaseAutoConfiguration,
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.dao.PersistenceExceptionTranslationAutoConfiguration,
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.cassandra.CassandraDataAutoConfiguration,
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.cassandra.CassandraReactiveDataAutoConfiguration,
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.cassandra.CassandraReactiveRepositoriesAutoConfiguration,
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.cassandra.CassandraRepositoriesAutoConfiguration,
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.couchbase.CouchbaseDataAutoConfiguration,
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.couchbase.CouchbaseReactiveDataAutoConfiguration,
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.couchbase.CouchbaseReactiveRepositoriesAutoConfiguration,
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.couchbase.CouchbaseRepositoriesAutoConfiguration,
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.elasticsearch.ElasticsearchDataAutoConfiguration,
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.elasticsearch.ElasticsearchRepositoriesAutoConfiguration,
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.elasticsearch.ReactiveElasticsearchRepositoriesAutoConfiguration,
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.elasticsearch.ReactiveElasticsearchRestClientAutoConfiguration,
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.jdbc.JdbcRepositoriesAutoConfiguration,
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.jpa.JpaRepositoriesAutoConfiguration,
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.ldap.LdapRepositoriesAutoConfiguration,
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.mongo.MongoDataAutoConfiguration,
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.mongo.MongoReactiveDataAutoConfiguration,
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.mongo.MongoReactiveRepositoriesAutoConfiguration,
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.mongo.MongoRepositoriesAutoConfiguration,
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.neo4j.Neo4jDataAutoConfiguration,
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.neo4j.Neo4jRepositoriesAutoConfiguration,
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.solr.SolrRepositoriesAutoConfiguration,
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.r2dbc.R2dbcDataAutoConfiguration,
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.r2dbc.R2dbcRepositoriesAutoConfiguration,
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.r2dbc.R2dbcTransactionManagerAutoConfiguration,
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.redis.RedisAutoConfiguration,
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.redis.RedisReactiveAutoConfiguration,
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.redis.RedisRepositoriesAutoConfiguration,
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.rest.RepositoryRestMvcAutoConfiguration,
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.web.SpringDataWebAutoConfiguration,
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.elasticsearch.ElasticsearchRestClientAutoConfiguration,
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.flyway.FlywayAutoConfiguration,
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.freemarker.FreeMarkerAutoConfiguration,
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.groovy.template.GroovyTemplateAutoConfiguration,
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.gson.GsonAutoConfiguration,
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.h2.H2ConsoleAutoConfiguration,
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.hateoas.HypermediaAutoConfiguration,
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.hazelcast.HazelcastAutoConfiguration,
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.hazelcast.HazelcastJpaDependencyAutoConfiguration,
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.http.HttpMessageConvertersAutoConfiguration,
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.http.codec.CodecsAutoConfiguration,
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.influx.InfluxDbAutoConfiguration,
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.info.ProjectInfoAutoConfiguration,
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.integration.IntegrationAutoConfiguration,
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jackson.JacksonAutoConfiguration,
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jdbc.DataSourceAutoConfiguration,
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jdbc.JdbcTemplateAutoConfiguration,
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jdbc.JndiDataSourceAutoConfiguration,
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jdbc.XADataSourceAutoConfiguration,
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jdbc.DataSourceTransactionManagerAutoConfiguration,
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jms.JmsAutoConfiguration,
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jmx.JmxAutoConfiguration,
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jms.JndiConnectionFactoryAutoConfiguration,
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jms.activemq.ActiveMQAutoConfiguration,
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jms.artemis.ArtemisAutoConfiguration,
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jersey.JerseyAutoConfiguration,
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jooq.JooqAutoConfiguration,
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jsonb.JsonbAutoConfiguration,
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.kafka.KafkaAutoConfiguration,
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.availability.ApplicationAvailabilityAutoConfiguration,
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.ldap.embedded.EmbeddedLdapAutoConfiguration,
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.ldap.LdapAutoConfiguration,
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.liquibase.LiquibaseAutoConfiguration,
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.mail.MailSenderAutoConfiguration,
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.mail.MailSenderValidatorAutoConfiguration,
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.mongo.embedded.EmbeddedMongoAutoConfiguration,
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.mongo.MongoAutoConfiguration,
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.mongo.MongoReactiveAutoConfiguration,
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.mustache.MustacheAutoConfiguration,
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.orm.jpa.HibernateJpaAutoConfiguration,
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.quartz.QuartzAutoConfiguration,
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.r2dbc.R2dbcAutoConfiguration,
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.rsocket.RSocketMessagingAutoConfiguration,
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.rsocket.RSocketRequesterAutoConfiguration,
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.rsocket.RSocketServerAutoConfiguration,
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.rsocket.RSocketStrategiesAutoConfiguration,
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.security.servlet.SecurityAutoConfiguration,
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.security.servlet.UserDetailsServiceAutoConfiguration,
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.security.servlet.SecurityFilterAutoConfiguration,
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.security.reactive.ReactiveSecurityAutoConfiguration,
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.security.reactive.ReactiveUserDetailsServiceAutoConfiguration,
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.security.rsocket.RSocketSecurityAutoConfiguration,
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.security.saml2.Saml2RelyingPartyAutoConfiguration,
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.sendgrid.SendGridAutoConfiguration,
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.session.SessionAutoConfiguration,
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.security.oauth2.client.servlet.OAuth2ClientAutoConfiguration,
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.security.oauth2.client.reactive.ReactiveOAuth2ClientAutoConfiguration,
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.security.oauth2.resource.servlet.OAuth2ResourceServerAutoConfiguration,
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.security.oauth2.resource.reactive.ReactiveOAuth2ResourceServerAutoConfiguration,
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.solr.SolrAutoConfiguration,
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.task.TaskExecutionAutoConfiguration,
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.task.TaskSchedulingAutoConfiguration,
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.thymeleaf.ThymeleafAutoConfiguration,
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.transaction.TransactionAutoConfiguration,
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.transaction.jta.JtaAutoConfiguration,
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.validation.ValidationAutoConfiguration,
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.client.RestTemplateAutoConfiguration,
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.embedded.EmbeddedWebServerFactoryCustomizerAutoConfiguration,
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.reactive.HttpHandlerAutoConfiguration,
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.reactive.ReactiveWebServerFactoryAutoConfiguration,
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.reactive.WebFluxAutoConfiguration,
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.reactive.error.ErrorWebFluxAutoConfiguration,
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.reactive.function.client.ClientHttpConnectorAutoConfiguration,
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.reactive.function.client.WebClientAutoConfiguration,
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.servlet.DispatcherServletAutoConfiguration,
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.servlet.ServletWebServerFactoryAutoConfiguration,
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.servlet.error.ErrorMvcAutoConfiguration,
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.servlet.HttpEncodingAutoConfiguration,
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.servlet.MultipartAutoConfiguration,
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.servlet.WebMvcAutoConfiguration,
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.websocket.reactive.WebSocketReactiveAutoConfiguration,
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.websocket.servlet.WebSocketServletAutoConfiguration,
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.websocket.servlet.WebSocketMessagingAutoConfiguration,
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.webservices.WebServicesAutoConfiguration,
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.webservices.client.WebServiceTemplateAutoConfiguration
  • 我们常用的各种工具都已经封装好了
  • 比如redis: RedisAutoConfiguration
  • 比如mongo: MongoDataAutoConfiguration
  • 我们看看RedisAutoConfiguration
import org.springframework.data.redis.core.RedisOperations;

@Configuration(proxyBeanMethods = false)
@ConditionalOnClass(RedisOperations.class)
@EnableConfigurationProperties(RedisProperties.class)
@Import({ LettuceConnectionConfiguration.class, JedisConnectionConfiguration.class })
public class RedisAutoConfiguration {

	@Bean
	@ConditionalOnMissingBean(name = "redisTemplate")
	public RedisTemplate<Object, Object> redisTemplate(RedisConnectionFactory redisConnectionFactory)
			throws UnknownHostException {
		RedisTemplate<Object, Object> template = new RedisTemplate<>();
		template.setConnectionFactory(redisConnectionFactory);
		return template;
	}

	@Bean
	@ConditionalOnMissingBean
	public StringRedisTemplate stringRedisTemplate(RedisConnectionFactory redisConnectionFactory)
			throws UnknownHostException {
		StringRedisTemplate template = new StringRedisTemplate();
		template.setConnectionFactory(redisConnectionFactory);
		return template;
	}

}
  • @EnableConfigurationProperties(RedisProperties.class)是加载配置的
  • @ConditionalOnClass(RedisOperations.class)是另一个开关，必须存在RedisOperations这个类
  • 方法是封装好的RedisTemplate
@ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "spring.redis")
public class RedisProperties {
	private int database = 0;

	private String url;

	private String host = "localhost";

	private String password;

	private int port = 6379;

	private boolean ssl;

	private Duration timeout;

	private String clientName;

	private Sentinel sentinel;

	private Cluster cluster;

    ...

}
  • RedisOperations这个类在哪呢？下面这个jar里面
<dependency>
    <groupId>org.springframework.data</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-data-redis</artifactId>
</dependency>
  • 这个依赖又怎么加载进springboot呢？
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd" xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
  <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
  <parent>
    <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-boot-starters</artifactId>
    <version>2.0.8.RELEASE</version>
  </parent>
  <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
  <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-data-redis</artifactId>
  <version>2.0.8.RELEASE</version>
  <name>Spring Boot Data Redis Starter</name>
  <description>Starter for using Redis key-value data store with Spring Data Redis and
		the Lettuce client</description>
  <url>https://projects.spring.io/spring-boot/#/spring-boot-parent/spring-boot-starters/spring-boot-starter-data-redis</url>
  <organization>
    <name>Pivotal Software, Inc.</name>
    <url>https://spring.io</url>
  </organization>
  <licenses>
    <license>
      <name>Apache License, Version 2.0</name>
      <url>http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0</url>
    </license>
  </licenses>
  <developers>
    <developer>
      <name>Pivotal</name>
      <email>info@pivotal.io</email>
      <organization>Pivotal Software, Inc.</organization>
      <organizationUrl>http://www.spring.io</organizationUrl>
    </developer>
  </developers>
  <scm>
    <connection>scm:git:git://github.com/spring-projects/spring-boot.git/spring-boot-starters/spring-boot-starter-data-redis</connection>
    <developerConnection>scm:git:ssh://git@github.com/spring-projects/spring-boot.git/spring-boot-starters/spring-boot-starter-data-redis</developerConnection>
    <url>http://github.com/spring-projects/spring-boot/spring-boot-starters/spring-boot-starter-data-redis</url>
  </scm>
  <issueManagement>
    <system>Github</system>
    <url>https://github.com/spring-projects/spring-boot/issues</url>
  </issueManagement>
  <dependencies>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
      <artifactId>spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
      <version>2.0.8.RELEASE</version>
      <scope>compile</scope>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.springframework.data</groupId>
      <artifactId>spring-data-redis</artifactId>
      <version>2.0.13.RELEASE</version>
      <scope>compile</scope>
      <exclusions>
        <exclusion>
          <artifactId>jcl-over-slf4j</artifactId>
          <groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>
        </exclusion>
      </exclusions>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>io.lettuce</groupId>
      <artifactId>lettuce-core</artifactId>
      <version>5.0.5.RELEASE</version>
      <scope>compile</scope>
    </dependency>
  </dependencies>
</project>
  • spring-boot-starter-data-redis这个依赖里面有

到此，已经很清楚了，我们总结一下：

  • 通过@SpringBootApplication注解引入@EnableAutoConfiguration注解
  • 通过@EnableAutoConfiguration注解引入AutoConfigurationImportSelector
  • 进入AutoConfigurationImportSelector的selectImports方法
  • 通过SpringFactoriesLoader把所有的EnableAutoConfiguration加载进来
  • 这些自动装配的类还有一道@ConditionalOnClass拦着，必须加载相应的jar才能加载进springboot, 实现可插拔
  • 我们使用就两步，加载相应的依赖，写好配置

目录
springboot源码解析-管中窥豹系列之总体结构（一）
springboot源码解析-管中窥豹系列之项目类型（二）
springboot源码解析-管中窥豹系列之Runner（三）
springboot源码解析-管中窥豹系列之Initializer（四）
springboot源码解析-管中窥豹系列之排序（五）
springboot源码解析-管中窥豹系列之aware（六）
springboot源码解析-管中窥豹系列之web服务器（七）
springboot源码解析-管中窥豹系列之BeanDefinition（八）
springboot源码解析-管中窥豹系列之自动装配（九）
springboot源码解析-管中窥豹系列之EnableXXX（十）
springboot源码解析-管中窥豹系列之BeanFactoryPostProcessor（十一）
springboot源码解析-管中窥豹系列之BeanPostProcessor（十二）
springboot源码解析-管中窥豹系列之BeanDefine如何加载（十三）
springboot源码解析-管中窥豹系列之bean如何生成？（十四）

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原文地址：https://www.cnblogs.com/zhangbin1989/p/14470289.html