unittest单元测试框架教程1运行测试脚本

unittest模块提供了一系列创建和运行测试的工具。这一段落演示了这些工具的一小部分，但也足以满足大部分用户的需求。

首先我们为了学习写一个简单的逻辑，代码如下：

def add(a,b):
    if type(a) is str or type(b) is str:
        return str(a) + str(b)
    return a+b

def chengfa(a,b):
    if type(a) is str or type(b) is str:
        return 0
    return a*b

为了测试3个函数是否正确，我们利用unittest进行测试。

import unittest
import ddt

testdata = [{'a':1,'b':1,'jiafa':2,'chengfa':1},
            {'a':'a','b':1,'jiafa':'a1','chengfa':'a'},
            {'a':'a','b':'b','jiafa':'ab','chengfa':'ab'}]

@ddt.ddt
class TestMath(unittest.TestCase):
    def setUp(self):
        pass

    def tearDown(self):
        pass

    @ddt.data(*testdata)
    def test_jiafa(self,data):
        '''测试加法程序'''
        try:
            self.assertEqual(jiafa(data['a'],data['b']),data['jiafa'])
            print(str(data['a']) + '+' + str(data['b']) + '=' + str(data['jiafa']))
        except Exception as e:
            print(str(data['a']) + '+' + str(data['b']) + '=' + str(data['jiafa'] + ' X'))
            raise e

    @ddt.data(*testdata)
    def test_chengfa(self,data):
        '''测试乘法程序'''
        try:
            self.assertEqual(chengfa(data['a'],data['b']),data['chengfa'])
            print(str(data['a']) + '*' + str(data['b']) + '=' + str(data['chengfa']))
        except Exception as e:
            print(str(data['a']) + '*' + str(data['b']) + '=' + str(data['chengfa'] + ' X'))
            raise e

if __name__ == '__main__':
    unittest.main()

一个简单的测试脚本完成了，使用pycharm的话点击右上角的绿色运行按钮即可运行。直接运行看下结果：

1*1=1
a*1=a X
a*b=ab X
1+1=2
a+1=a1
a+b=ab
.FF...
======================================================================
FAIL: test_chengfa_2 (__main__.TestMath)
测试乘法程序
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "D:\PycharmProjects\seleniumtest\venv\lib\site-packages\ddt.py", line 182, in wrapper
return func(self, *args, **kwargs)
File "D:/PycharmProjects/seleniumtest/testmath.py", line 46, in test_chengfa
raise e
File "D:/PycharmProjects/seleniumtest/testmath.py", line 42, in test_chengfa
self.assertEqual(chengfa(data['a'],data['b']),data['chengfa'])
AssertionError: 0 != 'a'

======================================================================
FAIL: test_chengfa_3 (__main__.TestMath)
测试乘法程序
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "D:\PycharmProjects\seleniumtest\venv\lib\site-packages\ddt.py", line 182, in wrapper
return func(self, *args, **kwargs)
File "D:/PycharmProjects/seleniumtest/testmath.py", line 46, in test_chengfa
raise e
File "D:/PycharmProjects/seleniumtest/testmath.py", line 42, in test_chengfa
self.assertEqual(chengfa(data['a'],data['b']),data['chengfa'])
AssertionError: 0 != 'ab'

----------------------------------------------------------------------
Ran 6 tests in 0.002s

FAILED (failures=2)

我们发现第2个方法先运行，这是因为使用main或命令行运行时，加载器按照方法名进行排序。

unittest.main() 提供了一个测试脚本的命令行接口。unittest 模块可以通过命令行运行模块、类和独立测试方法的测试:

python -m unittest test_module1 test_module2 #
python -m unittest test_module.TestClass
python -m unittest test_module.TestClass.test_method
python -m unittest tests/test_something.py

用于获取命令行选项列表：

python -m unittest -h

因为是对测试框架学习所以我们看下运行脚本时可以用到的参数。

运行参数

-k

只运行匹配模式或子串的测试方法和类。可以多次使用这个选项，以便包含匹配子串的所有测试用例。可以使用通配符（*）的模式对测试名称进行匹配。另外，该匹配是大小写敏感的。

python -m unittest newtest.py -k jiafa

-f, --failfast

当为true时，当出现第一个错误或者失败时，停止运行测试。

-b, --buffer

如果为True，在测试运行时，标准输出流与标准错误流会被放入缓冲区。成功的测试的运行时输出会被丢弃；测试不通过时，测试运行中的输出会正常显示，错误会被加入到测试失败信息。

加入参数-b运行

(venv) D:\PycharmProjects\seleniumtest>python -m unittest testmath.py -b
.F
Stdout:
a*1=a X
F
Stdout:
a*b=ab X
...
======================================================================
FAIL: test_chengfa_2 (testmath.TestMath)
测试乘法程序
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "D:\PycharmProjects\seleniumtest\venv\lib\site-packages\ddt.py", line 182, in wrapper
return func(self, *args, **kwargs)
File "D:\PycharmProjects\seleniumtest\testmath.py", line 46, in test_chengfa
raise e
File "D:\PycharmProjects\seleniumtest\testmath.py", line 42, in test_chengfa
self.assertEqual(chengfa(data['a'],data['b']),data['chengfa'])
AssertionError: 0 != 'a'

Stdout:
a*1=a X

Stdout:
a*b=ab X

----------------------------------------------------------------------
Ran 6 tests in 0.002s

FAILED (failures=2)

只在错误时进行打印

'verbose'

0 不打印描述及任何成功失败标志，相当于命令行的-q

1 不打印描述只打印失败标志，默认

2 打印描述内容并打印成功及失败标志，相当于命令行的-v

加参数-v 相当于unittest.main(verbosity = 1)运行

(venv) D:\PycharmProjects\seleniumtest>python -m unittest testmath.py -v
test_chengfa_1 (testmath.TestMath)
测试乘法程序 ... 1*1=1
ok
test_chengfa_2 (testmath.TestMath)
测试乘法程序 ... a*1=a X
FAIL
test_chengfa_3 (testmath.TestMath)
测试乘法程序 ... a*b=ab X
FAIL
test_jiafa_1 (testmath.TestMath)
测试加法程序 ... 1+1=2
ok
test_jiafa_2 (testmath.TestMath)
测试加法程序 ... a+1=a1
ok
test_jiafa_3 (testmath.TestMath)
测试加法程序 ... a+b=ab
ok

======================================================================
FAIL: test_chengfa_2 (testmath.TestMath)
测试乘法程序
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "D:\PycharmProjects\seleniumtest\venv\lib\site-packages\ddt.py", line 182, in wrapper
return func(self, *args, **kwargs)
File "D:\PycharmProjects\seleniumtest\testmath.py", line 46, in test_chengfa
raise e
File "D:\PycharmProjects\seleniumtest\testmath.py", line 42, in test_chengfa
self.assertEqual(chengfa(data['a'],data['b']),data['chengfa'])
AssertionError: 0 != 'a'

----------------------------------------------------------------------
Ran 6 tests in 0.005s

FAILED (failures=2)

加参数-q 相当于unittest.main(verbosity = 0)运行

(venv) D:\PycharmProjects\seleniumtest>python -m unittest testmath.py -q
1*1=1
a*1=a X
a*b=ab X
1+1=2
a+1=a1
a+b=ab
======================================================================
FAIL: test_chengfa_2 (testmath.TestMath)
测试乘法程序
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "D:\PycharmProjects\seleniumtest\venv\lib\site-packages\ddt.py", line 182, in wrapper
return func(self, *args, **kwargs)
File "D:\PycharmProjects\seleniumtest\testmath.py", line 46, in test_chengfa
raise e
File "D:\PycharmProjects\seleniumtest\testmath.py", line 42, in test_chengfa
self.assertEqual(chengfa(data['a'],data['b']),data['chengfa'])
AssertionError: 0 != 'a'

----------------------------------------------------------------------
Ran 6 tests in 0.003s

FAILED (failures=2)

-W --warnings

“error” | 将警告转换为异常

“ignore” | 不会打印匹配的警告

“always” | 总是打印匹配的警告

“default” | 打印发出警告的每个位置的首次出现的匹配警告

“module” | 将为发出警告的每个模块打印首次发生的匹配警告

“once” | 仅打印第一次匹配的警告,不管位置如何

默认为default

--locals

在回溯中显示局部变量。

python -m unittest newtest.py --locals

(venv) D:\PycharmProjects\seleniumtest>python -m unittest testmath.py --locals
1*1=1
.a*1=a X
Fa*b=ab X
F1+1=2
.a+1=a1
.a+b=ab
.
======================================================================
FAIL: test_chengfa_2 (testmath.TestMath)
测试乘法程序
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "D:\PycharmProjects\seleniumtest\venv\lib\site-packages\ddt.py", line 182, in wrapper
return func(self, *args, **kwargs)
args = ({'a': 'a', 'b': 1, 'jiafa': 'a1', 'chengfa': 'a'},)
func = <function TestMath.test_chengfa at 0x035C9A08>
kwargs = {}
self = <testmath.TestMath testMethod=test_chengfa_2>
File "D:\PycharmProjects\seleniumtest\testmath.py", line 46, in test_chengfa
raise e
data = {'a': 'a', 'b': 1, 'jiafa': 'a1', 'chengfa': 'a'}
self = <testmath.TestMath testMethod=test_chengfa_2>
File "D:\PycharmProjects\seleniumtest\testmath.py", line 42, in test_chengfa
self.assertEqual(chengfa(data['a'],data['b']),data['chengfa'])
data = {'a': 'a', 'b': 1, 'jiafa': 'a1', 'chengfa': 'a'}
self = <testmath.TestMath testMethod=test_chengfa_2>
AssertionError: 0 != 'a'

======================================================================
FAIL: test_chengfa_3 (testmath.TestMath)
测试乘法程序
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "D:\PycharmProjects\seleniumtest\venv\lib\site-packages\ddt.py", line 182, in wrapper
return func(self, *args, **kwargs)
args = ({'a': 'a', 'b': 'b', 'jiafa': 'ab', 'chengfa': 'ab'},)
func = <function TestMath.test_chengfa at 0x035C9A08>
kwargs = {}
self = <testmath.TestMath testMethod=test_chengfa_3>
File "D:\PycharmProjects\seleniumtest\testmath.py", line 46, in test_chengfa
raise e
data = {'a': 'a', 'b': 'b', 'jiafa': 'ab', 'chengfa': 'ab'}
self = <testmath.TestMath testMethod=test_chengfa_3>
File "D:\PycharmProjects\seleniumtest\testmath.py", line 42, in test_chengfa
self.assertEqual(chengfa(data['a'],data['b']),data['chengfa'])
data = {'a': 'a', 'b': 'b', 'jiafa': 'ab', 'chengfa': 'ab'}
self = <testmath.TestMath testMethod=test_chengfa_3>
AssertionError: 0 != 'ab'

----------------------------------------------------------------------
Ran 6 tests in 0.004s

FAILED (failures=2)