python安装第三方库时的一些bug 镜像源修改

前序

飘得太久的，今天终于下定决心开始继续学习了，第一步：打开我的PyCharm，第二部：安装库报错 o(╥﹏╥)o我太难了

D:PyCharm_Project>`pip install pdfminer3K`
WARNING: Retrying (Retry(total=4, connect=None, read=None
eoutError("HTTPSConnectionPool(host='pypi.org', port=443)
WARNING: Retrying (Retry(total=3, connect=None, read=None
eoutError("HTTPSConnectionPool(host='pypi.org', port=443)
Collecting pdfminer3K
  Downloading pdfminer3k-1.3.1.tar.gz (4.1 MB)
     |█▌                              | 184 kB 4.2 kB/s
ERROR: Exception:
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "d:userszxyanaconda3libsite-packagespip\_ven
dorurllib3
esponse.py", line 425, in _error_catcher
    yield
  File "d:userszxyanaconda3libsite-packagespip\_ven
...
raise IncompleteRead(self._fp_bytes_read, self.length
_remaining)
  File "d:userszxyanaconda3libcontextlib.py", line 1
30, in __exit__
    self.gen.throw(type, value, traceback)
  File "d:userszxyanaconda3libsite-packagespip\_ven
dorurllib3
esponse.py", line 430, in _error_catcher
    raise ReadTimeoutError(self._pool, None, "Read timed
out.")
pip._vendor.urllib3.exceptions.ReadTimeoutError: HTTPSCon
nectionPool(host='files.pythonhosted.org', port=443): Rea
d timed out.

尝试一：百度了一种做法即延时处理

D:PyCharm_Project>pip --default-timeout=100 install pdfminer3k
Collecting pdfminer3k
Downloading pdfminer3k-1.3.1.tar.gz (4.1 MB)
|██████ | 803 kB 11 kB/s eta
ERROR: THESE PACKAGES DO NOT MATCH THE HASHES FROM THE REQUIREME
update the hashes. Otherwise, examine the package contents caref
pdfminer3k from https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/8c/8
ac2/pdfminer3k-1.3.1.tar.gz#sha256=1670de8ddb9aaff8f28d61abc918e
Expected sha256 1670de8ddb9aaff8f28d61abc918e6a85c469fd8
Got 08be56ca2bb19e6ebb7a9b3385c1b56861130b9f
**

尝试二：

D:PyCharm_Project>pip --upgrade install pdfminer3k
Collecting pdfminer3k
Downloading pdfminer3k-1.3.1.tar.gz (4.1 MB)
| | 10 kB 1.9 kB/s et
...
raise ReadTimeoutError(self._pool, None, "Read timed out.")
pip._vendor.urllib3.exceptions.ReadTimeoutError: HTTPSConnectionPool(host='files.pytho

尝试三：完结篇

D:PyCharm_Project>pip --default-timeout=200 install --upgrade pdfminer3k
Collecting pdfminer3k
Downloading pdfminer3k-1.3.1.tar.gz (4.1 MB)
|████████████████████████████████| 4.1 MB 22 kB/s
Requirement already satisfied, skipping upgrade: pytest>=2.0 in d:userszxyanaconda3libsite-packages (from pdfminer3k) (3.8.0)
Requirement already satisfied, skipping upgrade: ply>=3.4 in d:userszxyanaconda3libsite-packages (from pdfminer3k) (3.11)
Requirement already satisfied, skipping upgrade: py>=1.5.0 in d:userszxyanaconda3libsite-packages (from pytest>=2.0->pdfminer3k) (1.6.0)
Requirement already satisfied, skipping upgrade: six>=1.10.0 in d:userszxyanaconda3libsite-packages (from pytest>=2.0->pdfminer3k) (1.11.0)
...
168c5dbe243c6f
Stored in directory: c:userszxyappdatalocalpipcachewheelsa018f91cc04fb57e65aac816dce1bf6d01d6769e103820967a31ba4
Successfully built pdfminer3k
Installing collected packages: pdfminer3k
Successfully installed pdfminer3k-1.3.1

总结

pip下载超时处理 raise ReadTimeoutError(self._pool, None, ‘Read timed out.’)

方案一：对于比较小的库，可以延时处理

Python pip --default-timeout=100 install -U pip
Python pip --default-timeout=100 install 第三方库名

方案二：更换安装源

网上可以查找很多豆瓣源,如https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/simple/

Python pip install -i https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/simple pyecharts
Python pip install -i https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/simple 库名

出错使用这种：Python pip install --index-url https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/simple/ lightgbm

方案三：下载离线包

python所有库：(https://www.lfd.uci.edu/~gohlke/pythonlibs/#lxml),然后通过pip install 保存路径/加上下载的文件名进行安装 ,如
Python pip install C:UsersHPDesktopscikit_image-0.14.1-cp37-cp37m-win32.whl

终极篇

1、在你的“C:Users你的用户名”目录下创建“pip”目录，“pip”目录下创建“pip.ini”文件（注意：以UTF-8 无BOM格式编码）；
“pip.ini”文件内容：
[global] timeout = 6000 index-url = https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/simple [install] use-mirrors = true mirrors = https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/simple trusted-host = pypi.douban.com

注意：trusted-host 选项为了避免麻烦是必须的，否则使用的时候会提示不受信任，或者添加“--trusted-host=mirrors.aliyun.com”选项；
注意：有网页提示需要创建或修改配置文件（linux的文件在~/.pip/pip.conf，windows在%HOMEPATH%pippip.ini），至少Windows7下“%HOMEPATH%pippip.ini”这个目录是不起作用的。
2、在这里添加镜像源

常用镜像源
清华：https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/simple
阿里云：http://mirrors.aliyun.com/pypi/simple/
中国科技大学 https://pypi.mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/simple/