HTML基础

文档类型定义

  • 文档类型定义(Document Type Definition,DTD)
<!DOCTYPE html>

网页模板

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<title>网页标题放在这里</title>
<meta charset="utf-8">
</head>
<body>
...主体文本和更多是HTML标签放在这里
</body>
</html>

head,title,meta和body元素

  • 页头区域
    • 包括网页标题,用于描述meta标记及对脚本和样式的引用
    • 包含在head 元素中,以 <head>标记开始,以</head> 标记结束
    • 至少包含一个title 元素和一个meta 元素
  • title元素
    • <title></title>之间文本是网页的标题,收藏和打印网页会显示标题
    • 搜索引擎会根据标题文本判断关键字相关性
  • meta元素
    • 描述网页特征。如字符编码
    • meta标记独立使用
      <meta charset="utf-8">
  • 主体区域
    • 配置网页内容
    • <body> 开始,</body>结束

第一个网页

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<title>My First HTML5 Web Page</title>
<meta charset="utf-8">
</head>
<body>
Hello World
</body>
</html>

标题元素

  • 标题(heading)元素从h1h6字号逐渐减少
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<title>Heading Example</title>
<meta charset="utf-8">
</head>
<body>
<h1>Heading Level 1</h1>
<h2>Heading Level 2</h2>
<h3>Heading Level 3</h3>
<h4>Heading Level 4</h4>
<h5>Heading Level 5</h5>
<h6>Heading Level 6</h6>
</body>
</html>

image


段落元素

  • 段落元素组织句子或文本。<p></p>之间的文本显示成段落
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<title>Heading Example</title>
<meta charset="utf-8">
</head>
<body>
<h1>Heading Level 1</h1>
<P>
This is a sampleparagraph.Heading tags can help to make your pages more accessible and usable.It is good coding practice to use heading tags to outline the structure of your web page content.
</P>
<h2>Heading Level 2</h2>
<h3>Heading Level 3</h3>
<h4>Heading Level 4</h4>
<h5>Heading Level 5</h5>
<h6>Heading Level 6</h6>
</body>
</html>

image


换行元素

  • 换行元素<br>使浏览器跳到下一行显示下一个元素或文本
  • 换行标记单独使用,称void元素
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<title>Heading Example</title>
<meta charset="utf-8">
</head>
<body>
<h1>Heading Level 1</h1>
<P>
This is a sampleparagraph.<br>Heading tags can help to make your pages more accessible and usable.It is good coding practice to use heading tags to outline the structure of your web page content.
</P>
<h2>Heading Level 2</h2>
<h3>Heading Level 3</h3>
<h4>Heading Level 4</h4>
<h5>Heading Level 5</h5>
<h6>Heading Level 6</h6>
</body>
</html>

image


块引用元素

  • <blockquote></blockquote>之间为引文块内容,左右两边都缩进
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<title>Blockquote Example</title>
<meta charset="utf-8">
</head>
<body>
<h1>The Power of the Web</h1>
<p>According to Tim Berners-Lee,the inventor of tje World Web,at http://www.w3.org/WAI/:</p>
<blockquote>
The power of the Web is in its universality.Access by everyone regardless of disability is an essential aspect.
</blockquote>
</body>
</html>

image


短语原始元素

元素 例子 用法
<abbr> WIPO 标识文本是缩写。配置title属性
<b> 加粗文本 样式采用加粗字体
<cite> 引用文本 标识文本是引用或参考,通常倾斜显示
<code> 代码文本 通常使用等宽字体
<dfn> 定义文本 标识文本通常是词汇或专业术语定义,倾斜显示
<em> 强调文本 使文本强调或突出,通常倾斜显示
<i> 倾斜文本 样式采用倾斜字体
<kbd> 输入文本 标识用户输入的文本,等宽字体显示
<mark> 记号文本 文本高亮显示
<samp> sample文本 标识是程序的示例输出,等宽字体显示
<small> 小文本 用消字号显示的免责声明等
<strong> 强调文本 使文本强调或突出,加粗显示
<sub> 下标文本 在基线以下用效稳步显示的下标
<sup> 上标文本 在基线以上用效稳步显示的上标
<var> 变量文本 标识并显示变量或程序输出,倾斜显示
  • 所有短语元素都是容器标记,有开始结束标记
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<title>Blockquote Example</title>
<meta charset="utf-8">
</head>
<body>
<h1>The Power of the Web</h1>
<p>According to Tim Berners-Lee,the inventor of tje World Web,at http://www.w3.org/WAI/:</p>
<blockquote>
The power of the Web is in its universality.<em>Access by everyone </em>regardless of disability is an essential aspect.
</blockquote>
</body>
</html>

image


有序列表

  • <ol>标记开始,</ol>标记结束
  • 每个列表以<li>开始,</li>标记结束
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="utf-8">
    <title>有序列表</title>
    <body>
        <h1>My Favorite Colors</h1>
        <ol>
            <li>Blue</li>
            <li>Teal</li>
            <li>Red</li>
        </ol>
    </body>
</html>

image


type属性,start属性和reversed属性

序号
1 数字(默认)
A 大写字母
a 小写字母
I 罗马数字
i 小罗马数字
  • type属性改变序号类型。如:<ol type="A">创建按大写字母排序的有序列表。
  • start属性指定序号起始值
  • reversed属性(reversed="reversed")可指定降序排序

无序列表

  • <ul>标记开始,</ul>标记结束
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
    <head>
        <title>Heading and List</title>
        <meta charset="utf-8">
    </head>
    <body>
        <h1>My Favorite Colors</h1>
        <ul>
            <li>Blue</li>
            <li>Teal</li>
            <li>Red</li>
        </ul>
    </body>
</html>

image


描述列表

  • 描述列表用于组织术语及其定义
  • 一般用于组织常见问题(FAQ)及其答案
  • 描述列表以<dl>标记开始,</dl>标记结束。描述术语以<dt>标记开始,</dt>标记结束。描述内容以<dd>开始,</dd>结束。
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<title>Description List</title>
<meta charset="utf-8">
</head>
<body>
    <h1> Sample Description List</h1>
    <dl>
        <dt>TCP</dt>
        <dd>Transmission Control Protocol is a method (protocool) used along with the Internet Protocol (IP) to send data in the form of message 
            units, called packets,between computers over the Internet.</dd>
        <dt>IP</dt>
        <dd>About IP Description.</dd>
        <dt>FTP</dt>
        <dd>About FTP Description.</dd>
        <dt>HTTP</dt>
        <dd>About HTTP Description.</dd>
    </dl>
</body>
</html>

image


特殊字符

字符 实体名称 代码
" 引号 &quot;
' 撇号 &#39;
© 版权符 &copy;
& &符号 &amp;
空格 不间断空格 &nbsp;
—— 长破折号 &mdash;
| 竖线 &#124;
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<title>Web Design Steps</title>
<meta charset="utf-8">
</head>
<body>
    <h1> Web Design Steps</h1>
    <ul>
        <li><strong>Determine the Intended Audience</strong>
        <br>The colors,images,fonts,and layout should be tailored to 
        the <em>preference of your audience.</em> The type od site content 
        (reading level,amount of animation,etc.) should be approprite for 
        your chosen audience.</li>
    </ul>
    <ul>
        <li><strong>Determins the Goals of the Site</strong>
        <br>Some common goals of web sites are:to be informative,to create a personal home page, to establish a corporate web presence,and to do business in e-commerce.</li>
    </ul>
    <p><small>Copyright &copy; 2020 Your name. All Rights Reserved.</small></p>
</body>
</html>

image

结构元素

div元素

  • div元素适合定义包含其他块显示元素(标题、段落、无序列表以及其他div元素)
  • <div>开始,</div>结束

header元素

  • 作用包含网页文档或文档区域(如section和article)标题
  • <header>开始,</header>结束。
  • 作用是建立一个导航链接区域。
  • <nav>开始,</nav>结束

main元素

  • 作用包含网页文档的主要内容,每个网页只应有一个main元素
  • <main>开始,<、main>结束

footer元素

  • 作用是为网页或网页区域创建页脚
  • <footer>开始,</footer>结束
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<title>Trillium Media Design</title>
<meta charset="utf-8">
</head>
<body>
<header>
    <h1>Trillium Media Design</h1>
</header>
<nav>
    <b>Home &nbsp; Services &nbsp; Contact</b>
</nav>
<main>
    <h2>New Media and Web Design</h2>
    <p>Trillium Media Design will bring your company's  Web presence to the next level.We offer a comprehensive rangs of services.
    </p>
    <h2>Metting Your Business Needs</h2>
    <p>Our expert designers are creative and eager to work with you.</p>
</main>
<footer>
    <small><i>Copyright &copy; 2020 Your Name Here</i></small>
</footer>
</body>
</html>

image


<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<title>Casita Sedona</title>
<meta charset="utf-8">
</head>
<body>
<header>
    <h1>Cas ita Sedona Bed &amp; Breakfast</h1>
</header>
<nav>
    <b>Home &nbsp; Rooms &nbsp; Events &nbsp; Contact</b>
</nav>
<main>
    <h2>Stay in the Heart of Sedona</h2>
    <p>At Casita Sedona Bed &amp; Breakfast you'll be close to art galleries,shops,restaurants,
        hiking trails,and tours.Ride the free trolley to shops and galleries.</p>
    <h3>Luxurious Rooms</h3>
    <p>Stay in a well-appointed room at Casita Sedona with your own fireplace,king-size bed,and balcony overlooking the red rocks.
    </p>
    <div>
        <strong>Casita Sedona Bed &amp; Breakfast</strong><br>
        612 Tortuga Lane<br>
        Sedona,AZ 86336<br>
        928-555-5555
    </div>
</main>
<footer>
    <br><small><i>Copyright &copy; 2020 Your Name Here</i></small>
</footer>
</body>
</html>

image


section元素

  • 包含文档“区域”,如章节或主题
  • <section>开始,</section>结束,可包含header,footer,section,article,aside,figure,div等内容配置元素。

article元素

  • 包含一个独立条目,如博客文章、评论或电子杂志文章。
  • <article>开始,</article>结束。可包含header,footer,section,asdie,figure,div等内容配置元素。

aside元素

  • 代表旁注或其他补充内容。以<aside>开始,</aside>结束,可包含header,footer,aside,figure,div等内容配置元素。

time元素

  • 代表日期或时间。适合标注内容(网页或博客)的创建日期
  • 属于内联元素。以<time>开始,</time>结束,可选datetime属性。
  • 日期用YYYY-MM-DD,时间用HH:MM (24小时制)。
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<title>Lighthouse Bistro Blog</title>
<meta charset="utf-8">
</head>
<body>
  <header>
    <h1>Lighthouse Bistro</h1>
  </header> 
  <nav>
    <b>
    Home &nbsp; 
    Menu &nbsp; 
    Blog &nbsp; 
    Contact
  </b> 
   </nav> 
  <main>
    <aside>
      <p><i>Watch for the March Madness Wrap next month!</i></p>
    </aside>
    <section>
      <h2>Bistro Blog</h2>
      <article>
        <head><h3>Valentine Wrap</h3></head>
        <time datetime="2020-02-01">February 1,2020</time>
        <p>The February special sandwith is the Valentine Wrap &mdash;heart-healthy organic chicken with roasted red peppers on a whole wheat wrap.</p>
      </article>
      <article>
        <header><h3>New Coffee of the Day Promotion</h3></header>
        <time datetime="2020-01-12">January 12,2020</time>
        <p>Enjoy the best coffee on the coast in the comfort of your home.We will feature a different flavor of our gourment,locally roasted coffee each day with free bistro tastings and a discount on one-pound bags.
        </p>
      </article>
    </section>
  </main> 
  <footer>Copyright &copy; 2020</footer>
</body>
</html>

image


超链接

a元素

  • 作用是定义超链接,指向另一个网页或文件
  • 锚元素以<a>开始,</a>结束。标记之间可点击超链接文本或图片

href属性

  • href属性配置连接引用,即要访问(链接到)的文件名称和位置
<a href="https://baidu.com">百度一下</a>
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<title>Anchor Example</title>
<meta charset="utf-8">
</head>
<body>
<a href="https:www.baidu.com">百度一下</a>
</body>
</html>

image


绝对链接

  • 绝对链接指定资源在Web上的绝对位置。
  • 用绝对链接来链接其他网站上的资源,href值包含协议名称http:// 和域名

相对链接

  • 链接到自己内部网页时可以使用相对链接
  • href值不以http:// 开头,不含域名,只包含所需显示网页的文件名
<a href="Contact.html">Contact me</a>

站点地图

  • 描述网站结构

超链接示例
  • index.html
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<title>Trillium Media Design</title>
<meta charset="utf-8">
</head>
<body>
<header>
    <h1>Trillium Media Design</h1>
</header>
<nav>
    <b><a href="index.html">Home</a> &nbsp; 
        <a href="services.html">Services</a> &nbsp; 
        <a href="contact.html">Contact</a></b>
</nav>
<main>
    <h2>New Media and Web Design</h2>
    <p>Trillium Media Design will bring your company's  Web presence to the next level.We offer a comprehensive rangs of services.
    </p>
    <h2>Metting Your Business Needs</h2>
    <p>Our expert designers are creative and eager to work with you.</p>
</main>
<footer>
    <small><i>Copyright &copy; 2020 Your Name Here</i></small>
</footer>
</body>
</html>
  • services.html
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<title>Trillium Media Design</title>
<meta charset="utf-8">
</head>
<body>
<header>
    <h1>Trillium Media Design-Services</h1>
</header>
<nav>
    <b><a href="index.html">Home</a> &nbsp; 
        <a href="services.html">Services</a> &nbsp; 
        <a href="contact.html">Contact</a></b>
</nav>
<main>
    <h2>Our Services Meet Your Business Needs</h2>
    <dl>
        <dt><strong>Website Design</strong></dt>
        <dd>Whether your needs are lagrs or small,Trillium can get
            you on the web!
        </dd>
        <dt><strong>E-Commerce Soultions</strong></dt>
        <dd>Trillium offers quick entry into the e-commerce marketplace.</dd>
        <dt><strong>Search Engine OPtimization</strong></dt>
        <dd>Most people find new sites using search engines.Trillium can get your website noticed.</dd>
    </dl>
</main>
<footer>
    <small><i>Copyright &copy; 2020 Your Name Here</i></small>
</footer>
</body>
</html>
  • contact.html
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<title>Trillium Media Design</title>
<meta charset="utf-8">
</head>
<body>
<header>
    <h1>Trillium Media Design - Contact</h1>
</header>
<nav>
    <b><a href="index.html">Home</a> &nbsp; 
        <a href="services.html">Services</a> &nbsp; 
        <a href="contact.html">Contact</a></b>
</nav>
<main>
    <h2>Contact Trillium Media Design Today</h2>
    <ul>
        <li>E-mail:contact@trilliummediadesign.com</li>
        <li>Phone:555-555-5555</li>
    </ul>
</main>
<footer>
    <small><i>Copyright &copy; 2020 Your Name Here</i></small>
</footer>
</body>
</html>

image


target属性

  • 在锚标记中用target属性配置target="_blank"在新浏览器窗口或新标签页中打开网页
<a href="htts://www.baidu.com" target="_blank">百度一下</a>

将整个块作为锚

  • 允许将一个或多个元素(包括块显示的。如divh1等)配置成链接

电子邮件链接

  • 使用mailto: ,而不是http://
  • 会自动打开默认邮件程序和对应E-mail地址作为收件人
<a href="mailto:mydatascientis@gmail.com">mydatascientis@gmail.com</a>
原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/yushihua/p/14902637.html