1、set集合：去掉重复字段
set.difference（）找出不同并创建一个新的集合，不改变原来集合；
set.difference_update() 改变原来集合，剔除掉括号内容；
set.discard() 移除元素；
set.intersection() 取交集；
set.symmetric_difference() 对称差，差集。
2、set.difference() 与 set.symmetric_difference() 对比
#!/usr/bin/env python3
s1 = set([11,22,33])
s2 = set([22,44])
ret1 = s1.difference(s2)
ret2 = s1.symmetric_difference(s2)
print(ret1)
print(ret2)
运行结果：{33, 11} {33, 11, 44} ret1只循环了s1，ret2循环了s1后又循环了s2，循环2次。
3、collections系列：
counter 计数器；
most_common 取前几位；
elements() 原生的值；
subtract() 相减，减去括号内出现的次数；
orderedDict 有序字典；
defaultdict 默认字典；
4、#!/usr/bin/env python3
import collections
f = collections.Counter('abcdabcdaabbd')
print(f)
运行结果：Counter({'a': 4, 'b': 4, 'd': 3, 'c': 2})
5、collections.namedtuple() 可命名元祖
#!/usr/bin/env python3
import collections
mytupleclass = collections.namedtuple('mytupleclass',['x','y','z'])
obj = mytupleclass(11,22,33)
print(obj.x)
print(obj.y)
print(obj.z)
运行结果：11 22 33
6、deque 队列
7、copy.copy() 浅拷贝
copy.deepcopy() 深拷贝
#!/usr/bin/env python3
import copy
dic = { "cpu":[80], "mem":[80], "disk":[80] }
print('before',dic)
new_dic = copy.copy(dic)
new_dic['cpu'][0] = 50
print(dic)
print(new_dic)
运行结果：
before {'cpu': [80], 'mem': [80], 'disk': [80]}
{'cpu': [50], 'mem': [80], 'disk': [80]}
{'cpu': [50], 'mem': [80], 'disk': [80]}
#!/usr/bin/env python3
import copy
dic = { "cpu":[80], "mem":[80], "disk":[80] }
print('before',dic)
new_dic = copy.deepcopy(dic)
new_dic['cpu'][0] = 50
print(dic)
print(new_dic)
运行结果：
before {'cpu': [80], 'mem': [80], 'disk': [80]}
{'cpu': [80], 'mem': [80], 'disk': [80]}
{'cpu': [50], 'mem': [80], 'disk': [80]}
8、函数
#!/usr/bin/env python3
import smtplib
from email.mime.text import MIMEText
from email.utils import formataddr
def mail():
ret = 'success'
try:
msg = MIMEText('邮件内容','plain','utf-8')
msg['From'] = formataddr(["111",'1111@qq.com'])
msg['To'] = formataddr(["222",'2222@qq.com'])
msg['Subject'] = "主题"
server = smtplib.SMTP("smtp.qq.com",25)
server.login("1111@qq.com","输入邮箱密码")
server.sendmail('1111@qq.com',['2222@qq.com',],msg.as_string())
server.quit()
except Exception:
ret = 'fail'
return ret
ret = mail()
print(ret)
运行结果：fail，实验使用真实邮箱获得结果为success。