在这个微服务盛行的时代，docker获得了巨大的成功，因为我们需要在一台服务器装上N个服务。
本文不是想讨论如何使用docker，而是，在一台服务器安装了多个服务后，怎样启动方便的启动服务呢？
一、在tomcat的时代中，直接使用tomcat的启动停止命令，轻松搞定，（tomcat的启动脚本很有水平，感兴趣的点开'+'号查看源码学习下吧）
#!/bin/sh # chkconfig: 2345 10 90 # description:tomcat service JAVA_OPTS="$JAVA_OPTS -server -XX:PermSize=128M -XX:MaxPermSize=512m" CATALINA_PID=/opt/tomcat7/pid.log CATALINA_HOME=/opt/tomcat7 # OS specific support. $var _must_ be set to either true or false. cygwin=false darwin=false os400=false case "`uname`" in CYGWIN*) cygwin=true;; Darwin*) darwin=true;; OS400*) os400=true;; esac # resolve links - $0 may be a softlink PRG="$0" while [ -h "$PRG" ]; do ls=`ls -ld "$PRG"` link=`expr "$ls" : '.*-> (.*)$'` if expr "$link" : '/.*' > /dev/null; then PRG="$link" else PRG=`dirname "$PRG"`/"$link" fi done # Get standard environment variables PRGDIR=`dirname "$PRG"` # Only set CATALINA_HOME if not already set [ -z "$CATALINA_HOME" ] && CATALINA_HOME=`cd "$PRGDIR/.." >/dev/null; pwd` # Copy CATALINA_BASE from CATALINA_HOME if not already set [ -z "$CATALINA_BASE" ] && CATALINA_BASE="$CATALINA_HOME" # Ensure that any user defined CLASSPATH variables are not used on startup, # but allow them to be specified in setenv.sh, in rare case when it is needed. CLASSPATH= if [ -r "$CATALINA_BASE/bin/setenv.sh" ]; then . "$CATALINA_BASE/bin/setenv.sh" elif [ -r "$CATALINA_HOME/bin/setenv.sh" ]; then . "$CATALINA_HOME/bin/setenv.sh" fi # For Cygwin, ensure paths are in UNIX format before anything is touched if $cygwin; then [ -n "$JAVA_HOME" ] && JAVA_HOME=`cygpath --unix "$JAVA_HOME"` [ -n "$JRE_HOME" ] && JRE_HOME=`cygpath --unix "$JRE_HOME"` [ -n "$CATALINA_HOME" ] && CATALINA_HOME=`cygpath --unix "$CATALINA_HOME"` [ -n "$CATALINA_BASE" ] && CATALINA_BASE=`cygpath --unix "$CATALINA_BASE"` [ -n "$CLASSPATH" ] && CLASSPATH=`cygpath --path --unix "$CLASSPATH"` fi # For OS400 if $os400; then # Set job priority to standard for interactive (interactive - 6) by using # the interactive priority - 6, the helper threads that respond to requests # will be running at the same priority as interactive jobs. COMMAND='chgjob job('$JOBNAME') runpty(6)' system $COMMAND # Enable multi threading export QIBM_MULTI_THREADED=Y fi # Get standard Java environment variables if $os400; then # -r will Only work on the os400 if the files are: # 1. owned by the user # 2. owned by the PRIMARY group of the user # this will not work if the user belongs in secondary groups . "$CATALINA_HOME"/bin/setclasspath.sh else if [ -r "$CATALINA_HOME"/bin/setclasspath.sh ]; then . "$CATALINA_HOME"/bin/setclasspath.sh else echo "Cannot find $CATALINA_HOME/bin/setclasspath.sh" echo "This file is needed to run this program" exit 1 fi fi # Add on extra jar files to CLASSPATH if [ ! -z "$CLASSPATH" ] ; then CLASSPATH="$CLASSPATH": fi CLASSPATH="$CLASSPATH""$CATALINA_HOME"/bin/bootstrap.jar if [ -z "$CATALINA_OUT" ] ; then CATALINA_OUT="$CATALINA_BASE"/logs/catalina.out fi if [ -z "$CATALINA_TMPDIR" ] ; then # Define the java.io.tmpdir to use for Catalina CATALINA_TMPDIR="$CATALINA_BASE"/temp fi # Add tomcat-juli.jar to classpath # tomcat-juli.jar can be over-ridden per instance if [ -r "$CATALINA_BASE/bin/tomcat-juli.jar" ] ; then CLASSPATH=$CLASSPATH:$CATALINA_BASE/bin/tomcat-juli.jar else CLASSPATH=$CLASSPATH:$CATALINA_HOME/bin/tomcat-juli.jar fi # Bugzilla 37848: When no TTY is available, don't output to console have_tty=0 if [ "`tty`" != "not a tty" ]; then have_tty=1 fi # For Cygwin, switch paths to Windows format before running java if $cygwin; then JAVA_HOME=`cygpath --absolute --windows "$JAVA_HOME"` JRE_HOME=`cygpath --absolute --windows "$JRE_HOME"` CATALINA_HOME=`cygpath --absolute --windows "$CATALINA_HOME"` CATALINA_BASE=`cygpath --absolute --windows "$CATALINA_BASE"` CATALINA_TMPDIR=`cygpath --absolute --windows "$CATALINA_TMPDIR"` CLASSPATH=`cygpath --path --windows "$CLASSPATH"` JAVA_ENDORSED_DIRS=`cygpath --path --windows "$JAVA_ENDORSED_DIRS"` fi # Set juli LogManager config file if it is present and an override has not been issued if [ -z "$LOGGING_CONFIG" ]; then if [ -r "$CATALINA_BASE"/conf/logging.properties ]; then LOGGING_CONFIG="-Djava.util.logging.config.file=$CATALINA_BASE/conf/logging.properties" else # Bugzilla 45585 LOGGING_CONFIG="-Dnop" fi fi if [ -z "$LOGGING_MANAGER" ]; then LOGGING_MANAGER="-Djava.util.logging.manager=org.apache.juli.ClassLoaderLogManager" fi # Uncomment the following line to make the umask available when using the # org.apache.catalina.security.SecurityListener #JAVA_OPTS="$JAVA_OPTS -Dorg.apache.catalina.security.SecurityListener.UMASK=`umask`" # ----- Execute The Requested Command ----------------------------------------- # Bugzilla 37848: only output this if we have a TTY if [ $have_tty -eq 1 ]; then echo "Using CATALINA_BASE: $CATALINA_BASE" echo "Using CATALINA_HOME: $CATALINA_HOME" echo "Using CATALINA_TMPDIR: $CATALINA_TMPDIR" if [ "$1" = "debug" ] ; then echo "Using JAVA_HOME: $JAVA_HOME" else echo "Using JRE_HOME: $JRE_HOME" fi echo "Using CLASSPATH: $CLASSPATH" if [ ! -z "$CATALINA_PID" ]; then echo "Using CATALINA_PID: $CATALINA_PID" fi fi if [ "$1" = "jpda" ] ; then if [ -z "$JPDA_TRANSPORT" ]; then JPDA_TRANSPORT="dt_socket" fi if [ -z "$JPDA_ADDRESS" ]; then JPDA_ADDRESS="8000" fi if [ -z "$JPDA_SUSPEND" ]; then JPDA_SUSPEND="n" fi if [ -z "$JPDA_OPTS" ]; then JPDA_OPTS="-agentlib:jdwp=transport=$JPDA_TRANSPORT,address=$JPDA_ADDRESS,server=y,suspend=$JPDA_SUSPEND" fi CATALINA_OPTS="$CATALINA_OPTS $JPDA_OPTS" shift fi if [ "$1" = "debug" ] ; then if $os400; then echo "Debug command not available on OS400" exit 1 else shift if [ "$1" = "-security" ] ; then if [ $have_tty -eq 1 ]; then echo "Using Security Manager" fi shift exec "$_RUNJDB" "$LOGGING_CONFIG" $LOGGING_MANAGER $JAVA_OPTS $CATALINA_OPTS -Djava.endorsed.dirs="$JAVA_ENDORSED_DIRS" -classpath "$CLASSPATH" -sourcepath "$CATALINA_HOME"/../../java -Djava.security.manager -Djava.security.policy=="$CATALINA_BASE"/conf/catalina.policy -Dcatalina.base="$CATALINA_BASE" -Dcatalina.home="$CATALINA_HOME" -Djava.io.tmpdir="$CATALINA_TMPDIR" org.apache.catalina.startup.Bootstrap "$@" start else exec "$_RUNJDB" "$LOGGING_CONFIG" $LOGGING_MANAGER $JAVA_OPTS $CATALINA_OPTS -Djava.endorsed.dirs="$JAVA_ENDORSED_DIRS" -classpath "$CLASSPATH" -sourcepath "$CATALINA_HOME"/../../java -Dcatalina.base="$CATALINA_BASE" -Dcatalina.home="$CATALINA_HOME" -Djava.io.tmpdir="$CATALINA_TMPDIR" org.apache.catalina.startup.Bootstrap "$@" start fi fi elif [ "$1" = "run" ]; then shift if [ "$1" = "-security" ] ; then if [ $have_tty -eq 1 ]; then echo "Using Security Manager" fi shift eval exec ""$_RUNJAVA"" ""$LOGGING_CONFIG"" $LOGGING_MANAGER $JAVA_OPTS $CATALINA_OPTS -Djava.endorsed.dirs=""$JAVA_ENDORSED_DIRS"" -classpath ""$CLASSPATH"" -Djava.security.manager -Djava.security.policy==""$CATALINA_BASE/conf/catalina.policy"" -Dcatalina.base=""$CATALINA_BASE"" -Dcatalina.home=""$CATALINA_HOME"" -Djava.io.tmpdir=""$CATALINA_TMPDIR"" org.apache.catalina.startup.Bootstrap "$@" start else eval exec ""$_RUNJAVA"" ""$LOGGING_CONFIG"" $LOGGING_MANAGER $JAVA_OPTS $CATALINA_OPTS -Djava.endorsed.dirs=""$JAVA_ENDORSED_DIRS"" -classpath ""$CLASSPATH"" -Dcatalina.base=""$CATALINA_BASE"" -Dcatalina.home=""$CATALINA_HOME"" -Djava.io.tmpdir=""$CATALINA_TMPDIR"" org.apache.catalina.startup.Bootstrap "$@" start fi elif [ "$1" = "start" ] ; then if [ ! -z "$CATALINA_PID" ]; then if [ -f "$CATALINA_PID" ]; then if [ -s "$CATALINA_PID" ]; then echo "Existing PID file found during start." if [ -r "$CATALINA_PID" ]; then PID=`cat "$CATALINA_PID"` ps -p $PID >/dev/null 2>&1 if [ $? -eq 0 ] ; then echo "Tomcat appears to still be running with PID $PID. Start aborted." exit 1 else echo "Removing/clearing stale PID file." rm -f "$CATALINA_PID" >/dev/null 2>&1 if [ $? != 0 ]; then if [ -w "$CATALINA_PID" ]; then cat /dev/null > "$CATALINA_PID" else echo "Unable to remove or clear stale PID file. Start aborted." exit 1 fi fi fi else echo "Unable to read PID file. Start aborted." exit 1 fi else rm -f "$CATALINA_PID" >/dev/null 2>&1 if [ $? != 0 ]; then if [ ! -w "$CATALINA_PID" ]; then echo "Unable to remove or write to empty PID file. Start aborted." exit 1 fi fi fi fi fi shift # touch "$CATALINA_OUT" if [ "$1" = "-security" ] ; then if [ $have_tty -eq 1 ]; then echo "Using Security Manager" fi shift eval ""$_RUNJAVA"" ""$LOGGING_CONFIG"" $LOGGING_MANAGER $JAVA_OPTS $CATALINA_OPTS -Djava.endorsed.dirs=""$JAVA_ENDORSED_DIRS"" -classpath ""$CLASSPATH"" -Djava.security.manager -Djava.security.policy==""$CATALINA_BASE/conf/catalina.policy"" -Dcatalina.base=""$CATALINA_BASE"" -Dcatalina.home=""$CATALINA_HOME"" -Djava.io.tmpdir=""$CATALINA_TMPDIR"" org.apache.catalina.startup.Bootstrap "$@" start >> "$CATALINA_OUT" 2>&1 "&" else eval ""$_RUNJAVA"" ""$LOGGING_CONFIG"" $LOGGING_MANAGER $JAVA_OPTS $CATALINA_OPTS -Djava.endorsed.dirs=""$JAVA_ENDORSED_DIRS"" -classpath ""$CLASSPATH"" -Dcatalina.base=""$CATALINA_BASE"" -Dcatalina.home=""$CATALINA_HOME"" -Djava.io.tmpdir=""$CATALINA_TMPDIR"" -XX:+PrintGCDetails -XX:+PrintGCDateStamps -XX:+PrintGCTimeStamps -Xloggc:"$CATALINA_BASE"/logs/gc.log org.apache.catalina.startup.Bootstrap "$@" start "2>&1" | /usr/local/sbin/cronolog -S "$CATALINA_BASE"/logs/catalina_ln.out "$CATALINA_BASE"/logs/catalina.%Y-%m-%d-%H.out >> /dev/null & fi if [ ! -z "$CATALINA_PID" ]; then echo $! > "$CATALINA_PID" fi echo "Tomcat started." elif [ "$1" = "stop" ] ; then shift SLEEP=5 if [ ! -z "$1" ]; then echo $1 | grep "[^0-9]" >/dev/null 2>&1 if [ $? -gt 0 ]; then SLEEP=$1 shift fi fi FORCE=1 if [ "$1" = "-force" ]; then shift FORCE=1 fi if [ ! -z "$CATALINA_PID" ]; then if [ -f "$CATALINA_PID" ]; then if [ -s "$CATALINA_PID" ]; then kill -0 `cat "$CATALINA_PID"` >/dev/null 2>&1 if [ $? -gt 0 ]; then echo "PID file found but no matching process was found. Stop aborted." exit 1 fi else echo "PID file is empty and has been ignored." fi else echo "$CATALINA_PID was set but the specified file does not exist. Is Tomcat running? Stop aborted." exit 1 fi fi eval ""$_RUNJAVA"" $LOGGING_MANAGER $JAVA_OPTS -Djava.endorsed.dirs=""$JAVA_ENDORSED_DIRS"" -classpath ""$CLASSPATH"" -Dcatalina.base=""$CATALINA_BASE"" -Dcatalina.home=""$CATALINA_HOME"" -Djava.io.tmpdir=""$CATALINA_TMPDIR"" org.apache.catalina.startup.Bootstrap "$@" stop # stop failed. Shutdown port disabled? Try a normal kill. if [ $? != 0 ]; then if [ ! -z "$CATALINA_PID" ]; then echo "The stop command failed. Attempting to signal the process to stop through OS signal." kill -15 `cat "$CATALINA_PID"` >/dev/null 2>&1 fi fi if [ ! -z "$CATALINA_PID" ]; then if [ -f "$CATALINA_PID" ]; then while [ $SLEEP -ge 0 ]; do kill -9 `cat "$CATALINA_PID"` >/dev/null 2>&1 if [ $? -gt 0 ]; then rm -f "$CATALINA_PID" >/dev/null 2>&1 if [ $? != 0 ]; then if [ -w "$CATALINA_PID" ]; then cat /dev/null > "$CATALINA_PID" # If Tomcat has stopped don't try and force a stop with an empty PID file FORCE=0 else echo "The PID file could not be removed or cleared." fi fi ps -ef | grep tomcat | grep -v grep | awk '{print $2}' | sed -e "s/^/kill -9 /g"|sh - echo "Tomcat stopped." break fi if [ $SLEEP -gt 0 ]; then sleep 1 fi if [ $SLEEP -eq 0 ]; then if [ $FORCE -eq 0 ]; then echo "Tomcat did not stop in time. PID file was not removed. To aid diagnostics a thread dump has been written to standard out." kill -3 `cat "$CATALINA_PID"` fi fi SLEEP=`expr $SLEEP - 1 ` done fi fi KILL_SLEEP_INTERVAL=5 if [ $FORCE -eq 1 ]; then if [ -z "$CATALINA_PID" ]; then echo "Kill failed: $CATALINA_PID not set" else if [ -f "$CATALINA_PID" ]; then PID=`cat "$CATALINA_PID"` echo "Killing Tomcat with the PID: $PID" kill -9 $PID while [ $KILL_SLEEP_INTERVAL -ge 0 ]; do kill -0 `cat "$CATALINA_PID"` >/dev/null 2>&1 if [ $? -gt 0 ]; then rm -f "$CATALINA_PID" >/dev/null 2>&1 if [ $? != 0 ]; then if [ -w "$CATALINA_PID" ]; then cat /dev/null > "$CATALINA_PID" else echo "The PID file could not be removed." fi fi # Set this to zero else a warning will be issued about the process still running KILL_SLEEP_INTERVAL=0 echo "The Tomcat process has been killed." break fi if [ $KILL_SLEEP_INTERVAL -gt 0 ]; then sleep 1 fi KILL_SLEEP_INTERVAL=`expr $KILL_SLEEP_INTERVAL - 1 ` done if [ $KILL_SLEEP_INTERVAL -gt 0 ]; then echo "Tomcat has not been killed completely yet. The process might be waiting on some system call or might be UNINTERRUPTIBLE." fi fi fi fi elif [ "$1" = "configtest" ] ; then eval ""$_RUNJAVA"" $LOGGING_MANAGER $JAVA_OPTS -Djava.endorsed.dirs=""$JAVA_ENDORSED_DIRS"" -classpath ""$CLASSPATH"" -Dcatalina.base=""$CATALINA_BASE"" -Dcatalina.home=""$CATALINA_HOME"" -Djava.io.tmpdir=""$CATALINA_TMPDIR"" org.apache.catalina.startup.Bootstrap configtest result=$? if [ $result -ne 0 ]; then echo "Configuration error detected!" fi exit $result elif [ "$1" = "version" ] ; then "$_RUNJAVA" -classpath "$CATALINA_HOME/lib/catalina.jar" org.apache.catalina.util.ServerInfo else echo "Usage: catalina.sh ( commands ... )" echo "commands:" if $os400; then echo " debug Start Catalina in a debugger (not available on OS400)" echo " debug -security Debug Catalina with a security manager (not available on OS400)" else echo " debug Start Catalina in a debugger" echo " debug -security Debug Catalina with a security manager" fi echo " jpda start Start Catalina under JPDA debugger" echo " run Start Catalina in the current window" echo " run -security Start in the current window with security manager" echo " start Start Catalina in a separate window" echo " start -security Start in a separate window with security manager" echo " stop Stop Catalina, waiting up to 5 seconds for the process to end" echo " stop n Stop Catalina, waiting up to n seconds for the process to end" echo " stop -force Stop Catalina, wait up to 5 seconds and then use kill -KILL if still running" echo " stop n -force Stop Catalina, wait up to n seconds and then use kill -KILL if still running" echo " configtest Run a basic syntax check on server.xml - check exit code for result" echo " version What version of tomcat are you running?" echo "Note: Waiting for the process to end and use of the -force option require that $CATALINA_PID is defined" exit 1 fi
service tomcat start # 启动 service tomcat stop # 停止 ps -ef | grep tomcat # 查看tomcat的运行情况
二、在jar包盛行的时代，需要为各个jar包写一个启动脚本，如下：
#!/bin/bash #chkconfig: 2345 10 90 PATH_PWD=$(cd `dirname $0`;echo `pwd`) PATH_LOCATION=/etc/init.d JAR_NAME=$(basename $0) PATH_WEBAPPS=/www/xx/webapps PATH_TO_JAR=${PATH_WEBAPPS}/${JAR_NAME}/${JAR_NAME}.jar PATH_LOG=/opt/logs/${JAR_NAME} COMMAND_CRONOLOG=`find /usr -type f -name "cronolog" | sed -n "1p" | tr -d " "` COMMAND_SS=`find /usr -type f -name "ss" | sed -n "1p" | tr -d " "` PID_PATH_NAME=/var/run/${JAR_NAME}.pid START_COMMAND="" PORT_DEFAULT="" JMX_PORT=12345 if [ x"$PATH_PWD" == x"$PATH_LOCATION" ];then : else echo "script ${JAR_NAME} must be in path ${PATH_LOCATION}!" exit 1; fi if [ -f ${PATH_TO_JAR} ];then : else echo "${JAR_NAME}.jar doesn't exist in /www/xx/webapps/${JAR_NAME}/"; exit 1; fi { while : do if ${COMMAND_SS} -tln |grep -q ":$JMX_PORT" then ((JMX_PORT++)) else echo "jmx port is $JMX_PORT" break fi done } service_check(){ if [ -L ${PATH_LOG}/${JAR_NAME}_ln.out ];then rm -f ${PATH_LOG}/${JAR_NAME}_ln.out && echo "${PATH_LOG}/${JAR_NAME}_ln.out has been deleted." return 0; fi } service_status(){ ps -ef | grep $PATH_TO_JAR | grep -v grep >/dev/null 2>&1 if [ $? -ne 0 ];then echo "$JAR_NAME is not running." rm -rf $PID_PATH_NAME return 1; else echo "$JAR_NAME is running." ps -ef | grep $PATH_TO_JAR | grep -v grep | awk '{print $2}' > $PID_PATH_NAME >/dev/null 2>&1 return 0; fi } service_stop_force(){ ps -ef | grep $PATH_TO_JAR | grep -v grep >/dev/null 2>&1 if [ $? -ne 0 ];then rm -rf $PID_PATH_NAME return 0; else echo "$JAR_NAME will be killed by force!" ps -ef | grep $PATH_TO_JAR | grep -v grep | awk '{print $2}' | xargs kill -9 >/dev/null 2>&1 rm -rf $PID_PATH_NAME return 0; fi } service_start(){ if [ -f $PID_PATH_NAME ]; then echo "$JAR_NAME is already running" return 1; else echo "$JAR_NAME starting ..." set -e nohup java -Dfile.encoding=utf-8 -Xloggc:${PATH_LOG}/${JAR_NAME}_gc.log -XX:+PrintGCDetails -XX:+PrintGCTimeStamps -XX:+PrintGCDateStamps -XX:+HeapDumpOnOutOfMemoryError -XX:HeapDumpPath=${PATH_LOG} -Xms256m -Xmx2048m -Duser.timezone=GMT+08 -jar $PATH_TO_JAR $START_COMMAND $PORT_DEFAULT 2>&1 | $COMMAND_CRONOLOG -S ${PATH_LOG}/${JAR_NAME}_ln.out ${PATH_LOG}/${JAR_NAME}.%Y-%m-%d-%H.out >> /dev/null & if [ $? -ne 0 ];then echo "$JAR_NAME started failed" exit 1 else echo $! > $PID_PATH_NAME echo "$JAR_NAME started ..." fi set +e return 0; fi } service_stop(){ if [ -f $PID_PATH_NAME ]; then echo "$JAR_NAME stoping ..." ps -ef | grep $PATH_TO_JAR | grep -v grep | awk '{print $2}' | xargs kill -15 >/dev/null 2>&1 echo "$JAR_NAME stopped ..." rm -rf $PID_PATH_NAME return 0; else echo "$JAR_NAME is not running ..." return 1; fi } service_tag(){ echo "----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------" } service_info(){ service_tag echo "info-use service ${JAR_NAME} start|stop|status|restart" echo "info-jar $PATH_TO_JAR" echo "info-log ${PATH_LOG}/${JAR_NAME}_ln.out" echo "info-gc-log ${PATH_LOG}/${JAR_NAME}_gc.log" echo "info-heapdump-log ${PATH_LOG}" echo "info-memory -Xms256m -Xmx2048m" service_tag } # 接收命令开始 case "$1" in "status") service_tag service_status service_info ;; "start") service_status >/dev/null 2>&1 service_check service_start service_tag service_status ;; "stop") service_status >/dev/null 2>&1 service_tag service_stop sleep 3 service_stop_force ;; "restart") service_status >/dev/null 2>&1 service_stop sleep 10 service_stop_force service_check service_start service_tag service_status ;; *) echo "Usage: service ${JAR_NAME} status|start|stop|restart" ;; esac
运行脚本：
service ser01 stop #启动 service ser01 start #停止 ps -ef | grep java #服务运行情况
shell 脚本确实很方便，虽然这会涉及到另一个专业领域的东西，但是自已使用一下也很安逸呢~
尤其在排查问题时， shell方面的知识往往会帮自己很大的忙。
想要将自己写的脚本添加到service命令中，只需将该脚本移动到 /etc/init.d/ 目录下，即可以使用 service xxx command 了。