一 Words
1 perpetuate 保持，使永存 eg. Schood tends to perpetuate the myth that boys are better at sport than girls.学校往往会助长男孩比女孩体育强这一错误观念的延续
2 in general 通常
3 may as well不妨，也好 eg. I needn’t wait,I may as well tell you now.我不必等了，不妨现在就告诉你。
4 save up储存起来 resort to 采取，求助于，诉诸于
eg. Don’t resort to cheap copies,save up for the real thing.别买廉价的仿冒品，攒点钱买正品吧。
5 start-up 启动的，起始阶段的 much more更加adv
6 set-aside 留出，放弃 eg. 130 million pounds would be set aside for repairs to schools.将划拨1.3 亿英镑用于学校的修缮。
eg. He urged them to set aside minor differences for the sake of peace.他敦促他们为了和平抛开一些小的分歧
7 payment 付款，报酬n eg. I gave ten pounds in payment for the goods I bought.我买那些东西付了10英镑。
报答n eg. We’d like you to accept this picture in payment for your kindness.我们奉上此画聊表谢意。
8 squirrel away 储藏 eg. She says the kid’s been squirreling money away like there’s no tomorrow.她说这孩子一直在拼命存钱。
9 in a short while不久，一会以后
10 narrow 狭窄的adj 限制，缩小v 狭路n opinion poll民意调查 eg. Most recent opinion polls suggest that the gap between the two main parties has narrowed.最新的民意测验显示这两大主要政党之间的差距已经缩小了。
11 see fit 看着办，认为合适 eg.But the child did not see fit to let the matter drop.但那孩子仍不肯就此罢休
12 leave over 剩下，拖延 eg. No food has been left over after the meal.饭后没有剩下食物。 eg.He though the matter might be left over for the present.他认为目前这事也许被暂时搁置。
13 bond 建立密切关系v 密切关系n 约束n 债券n
eg. Freed from the bonds of convention and the fear of what others may think,the mind responds with new solutions.从传统的束缚中解脱出来，不再担心别人会有什么看法，顿时感到柳暗花明
eg. Most of it will be financed by government bonds.大部分资金将通过发行政府债券来筹措。
14 self-made 靠自己奋斗成功的 eg. He is a self-made man.他白手起家。
15 apart from 除此之外 decent 像样的，得体的
16 if anything 如果有的话，总之 eg. If anything,Sloan’s uneasiness deepened.如果说有什么不一样的话，那就是斯隆变得越来越不安了。
17 utopia乌托邦 in return反过来，作为报答 take pride感到骄傲
18 put aside搁置，储备 for the time being暂时 monk修道士，和尚
19 get by 设法，勉强应付 eg.Melville managed to get by on a small amount of money.梅尔维尔仅靠一点点钱勉强度日。
20 less often更少 grow into成长为，变得适合 starve to death 饿死
21 take off 起飞，突然成功 eg. In 1944, he met Edith Piaf, and his career took off.1944 年，他结识了伊迪思·比阿夫，从此他的事业开始腾飞
离开，脱掉 eg. He took off at once and headed back to the motel.他立刻离开，回到汽车旅馆
22 plummet 垂直落下，暴跌v，铅锤n eg. In Tokyo share prices have plummeted for the sixth successive day.东京股价已连续第6天猛跌
23 discourse 演讲，论述vn eg. Gates responds with a length discourse on deployment strategy.盖茨以一篇有关部署策略的鸿篇大论予以回应
论文，话语n eg. The Center has a strong record of research in discourse analysis.该中心在语篇分析研究方面成果丰硕
24 early on 在早期，前一阵子 eg. He retired early on grounds of ill health.他由于身体不好而提早退休
25 doom to 注定 eg. The criminal was doomed to death.罪犯被判死刑。 frivolous 草率的，无价值的
26 snob 势利小人，自以为高人一等n eg.She was an intellectual snob.她自以为才智高人一等。
27 bottom line 最重要的因素，底线，盈亏线 eg. The bottom line is that it did not get the best out of everybody.最关键的问题是这不能使每个人充分发挥自己的长处
28 set apart from 区分开 eg. Competence,commitment and character are what set us apart from the competition.能力、敬业和道德三者使我们在竞争中脱颖而出。
29 owe to 欠，归功于,感谢 eg. He owes 100 yuan to his friend. eg. It was altogether owing it to himself that James won the prize.詹姆斯获奖完全是靠自己的努力。
30 in times of在...时期 eg. In times of war,governments often sweep human rights aside.战争时期，政府经常对人权置之不顾
31 take a role 承担一定角色 eg. His move to the chairmanship means he will take a less active role in day-to-day management.他调任主席职务，意味着他对日常管理工作的参与将减少
32 quality 质量，品格，特性n eg. He wanted to introduce mature people with leadership qualities.他想引进具有领导素质的成熟人才
33 tax shelter 避税 eg. The consultancy offers advices on ethical tax-shelters.这家咨询公司教人如何合理避税
34 conspicuous consumption挥霍，炫耀性消费n eg. We must avoid over-indulgence and conspicuous consumption.我们必须避免过分放纵和铺张浪费
35 gap 缺口，隔阂，差距 academia学术界 eg. Britain needs to bridge the technology gap between academia and industry.英国需要弥合学术界和企业界之间的技术差距
36 surplus 过剩的nv，盈余，顺差n eg. Few people have large sums of surplus cash.几乎没人手头很富裕。
eg. Norway's budge surplus has fallen from 5.9% in 1986 to an expected 0.1% this year.挪威的预算盈余已经从 1986 年的 5.9%降至今年预计的 0.1%
37 bother to 费心去 eg. She did not bother to keep up with news.她不愿花时间去了解最新消息