Java中Comparator接口和Comparable接口的使用

普通情况下在实现对对象元素的数组或集合进行排序的时候会用到Comparator和Comparable接口,通过在元素所在的类中实现这两个接口中的一个。然后对数组或集合调用Arrays.sort或者Collentions.sort方法就可以实现对数组或集合的排序。就sort方法里面的參数来说。实现了不同的接口则传递的參数也不尽同样。对于实现了Comparator接口的类来说。sort方法须要接受的參数不仅包含数组或集合。还要包含实现了该接口的类对象。而对实现了Comparable接口的类来说,參数不仅包含数组或者集合,还要包含实现了该接口的类对象。

详细怎么差别呢,事实上非常easy,由于看两个接口所实现的方法就知道,Comparator定义的方法为compare(Object o1, Object o2)。方法涉及两个类对象。所以须要在另外一个新的类来实现对数组元素的比較,所以在调用sort方法时须要传递这个额外的实现了Comparator接口的类对象;而实现了Comparable接口的类实在元素类的内部实现了排序的逻辑,所以调用sort方法时不须要传递额外的类对象。废话少说,直接上代码。
1.通过实现Comparator接口来实现对数组或集合的比較

class SortCat implements Comparator<Cat1>
{
    @Override
    public int compare(Cat1 o1, Cat1 o2)//实现了Comparator接口的compare方法
    {
        // TODO Auto-generated method stub
        int size1=o1.getSize(),size2=o2.getSize();
        if(size1!=size2)
            return size1-size2;
        return o1.getColor().compareTo(o2.getColor());
    }
}
class Cat1 
{
    private String color;
    private int size;
    public  Cat1(String color,int size)
    {
        this.color=color;
        this.size=size;
    }
    public int getSize()
    {
        return size;
    }
    public String getColor()
    {
        return color;
    }
    public String toString()
    {
        return color+" cat,size = "+size;
    }

}
public class HashMapComparatorDemo
{

    public static void main(String[] args)
    {
        // TODO Auto-generated method stub
        String colorArr[]={"black","yellow","white","colorful","gray","brown","blue","orange"};
        int catSizeArr[]={5,3,7,9,6,4,1,8,2};
        Random random=new Random();
        Cat1 catArr[]=new Cat1[10];
        int sizeIndex=0,colorIndex=0;
        for(int i=0;i<10;i++)
        {
            sizeIndex=random.nextInt(catSizeArr.length);
            colorIndex=random.nextInt(colorArr.length);
            catArr[i]=new Cat1(colorArr[colorIndex], catSizeArr[sizeIndex]);
            System.out.println("Color:"+catArr[i].getColor()+",size:"+catArr[i].getSize());
        }
        System.out.println("
After change the order....
");
        Arrays.sort(catArr,new SortCat());//不仅要传递数组參数。还要传递实现了Comparator接口的类对象
        for(Cat1 cat:catArr)
            System.out.println("Color:"+cat.getColor()+",size:"+cat.getSize());

    }

}

结果:

Color:white,size:4
Color:colorful,size:4
Color:colorful,size:4
Color:gray,size:5
Color:yellow,size:7
Color:orange,size:6
Color:black,size:2
Color:colorful,size:8
Color:black,size:3
Color:yellow,size:2

After change the order....

Color:black,size:2
Color:yellow,size:2
Color:black,size:3
Color:colorful,size:4
Color:colorful,size:4
Color:white,size:4
Color:gray,size:5
Color:orange,size:6
Color:yellow,size:7
Color:colorful,size:8

2.通过实现Comparable接口来实现对数组或集合的比較

class Cat2  implements Comparable<Cat2>
{
    private String color;
    private int size;
    public  Cat2(String color,int size)
    {
        this.color=color;
        this.size=size;
    }
    public int getSize()
    {
        return size;
    }
    public String getColor()
    {
        return color;
    }
    public String toString()
    {
        return color+" cat,size = "+size;
    }
    @Override
    public int compareTo(Cat2 o)//在元素类里面实现comparable接口所定义的方法
    {
        // TODO Auto-generated method stub
        int size=o.getSize();
        if(this.size!=size)
            return this.size-size;
        return this.color.compareTo(o.getColor());
    }

}
public class HashMapComparatorDemo2
{

    public static void main(String[] args)
    {
        String colorArr[]={"black","yellow","white","colorful","gray","brown","blue","orange"};
        int catSizeArr[]={5,3,7,9,6,4,1,8,2};
        Random random=new Random();
        Cat2 catArr[]=new Cat2[10];
        int sizeIndex=0,colorIndex=0;
        for(int i=0;i<10;i++)
        {
            sizeIndex=random.nextInt(catSizeArr.length);
            colorIndex=random.nextInt(colorArr.length);
            catArr[i]=new Cat2(colorArr[colorIndex], catSizeArr[sizeIndex]);
            System.out.println("Color:"+catArr[i].getColor()+",size:"+catArr[i].getSize());
        }
        System.out.println("
After change the order....
");
        Arrays.sort(catArr);//仅须要传递数组或集合就可以
        for(Cat2 cat:catArr)
            System.out.println("Color:"+cat.getColor()+",size:"+cat.getSize());

    }

}

结果:

Color:gray,size:7
Color:orange,size:9
Color:gray,size:3
Color:brown,size:5
Color:orange,size:1
Color:gray,size:8
Color:colorful,size:9
Color:white,size:1
Color:blue,size:7
Color:brown,size:1

After change the order....

Color:brown,size:1
Color:orange,size:1
Color:white,size:1
Color:gray,size:3
Color:brown,size:5
Color:blue,size:7
Color:gray,size:7
Color:gray,size:8
Color:colorful,size:9
Color:orange,size:9

3.另外。还能够用实现了对Comparable接口treeMap、treeSet进行排序,详细应用范围非常广。包含求一个无反复无序数组的前k项元素就能够用treeSet或treeMap非常好滴实现,循环建tree并维持一个大小为k的treeSet或treeMap就可以。超出范围的话先插入一个元素。然后删除排在最后的元素就可以。以下这段代码只实现的是有序建树并将treeMap输出出来的功能。

class Cat implements Comparable<Cat>
{
    private String color;
    private int size;
    public  Cat(String color,int size)
    {
        this.color=color;
        this.size=size;
    }
    public int getSize()
    {
        return size;
    }
    public String getColor()
    {
        return color;
    }
    @Override
    public int compareTo(Cat o)
    {
//      //优先依据颜色排序
//      String color1=o.getColor();
//      if(this.color.compareTo(color1)!=0)
//          return this.color.compareTo(color1);
//      return this.size-o.size;
        //优先依据大小排序
        int size=o.getSize();
        if(this.size!=size)
            return this.size-size;
        return this.color.compareTo(o.getColor());
    }
    public String toString()
    {
        return "Color:"+color+",size = "+size;
    }
}
public class HashMapComparableDemo
{

    public static void main(String[] args)
    {
        SortedMap<Cat, Integer>map=new TreeMap();
        String colorArr[]={"black","yellow","white","colorful","gray","brown","blue","orange"};
        int catSizeArr[]={5,3,7,9,6,4,1,8,2};
        Random random=new Random();
        int sizeIndex=0,colorIndex=0,count=0;;
        int mapSize=10;
        for(int i=0;i<mapSize;i++)
        {
            sizeIndex=random.nextInt(catSizeArr.length);
            colorIndex=random.nextInt(colorArr.length);
            count=random.nextInt(20)+5;
            map.put(new Cat(colorArr[colorIndex], catSizeArr[sizeIndex]), count);
        }
        Iterator<Entry<Cat, Integer>>iterator=map.entrySet().iterator();
        Entry<Cat, Integer>entry;
        while(iterator.hasNext())
        {
            entry=iterator.next();
            System.out.println(entry.getKey().toString()+",Count:"+entry.getValue().toString());
        }

    }

}

结果:

Color:black,size = 1,Count:15
Color:black,size = 2,Count:12
Color:gray,size = 2,Count:24
Color:brown,size = 5,Count:24
Color:gray,size = 5,Count:14
Color:brown,size = 6,Count:13
Color:white,size = 6,Count:7
Color:yellow,size = 6,Count:12
Color:gray,size = 7,Count:9
Color:brown,size = 8,Count:17

另外:对某些对象建立treeMap或hashMap的时候还须要重写一下equals方法,防止发生插入同样元素的情况,由于默认情况下treeMap或HashMap是应该是以对象的引用作为各个对象元素的标志。而不是元素的值。

原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/yjbjingcha/p/7289812.html