自定义Web框架

一、框架

通过python标准库提供的wsgiref模块开发一个自己的Web框架

#!/usr/bin/env python
#coding:utf-8
from wsgiref.simple_server import make_server
 
def index():
    return 'index'
 
def login():
    return 'login'
 
def routers():
     
    urlpatterns = (
        ('/index/',index),
        ('/login/',login),
    )
     
    return urlpatterns
 
def RunServer(environ, start_response):
    start_response('200 OK', [('Content-Type', 'text/html')])
    url = environ['PATH_INFO']
    urlpatterns = routers()
    func = None
    for item in urlpatterns:
        if item[0] == url:
            func = item[1]
            break
    if func:
        return func()
    else:
        return '404 not found'
     
if __name__ == '__main__':
    httpd = make_server('', 8000, RunServer)
    print "Serving HTTP on port 8000..."
    httpd.serve_forever()

2、模板引擎

在上一步骤中，对于所有的login、index均返回给用户浏览器一个简单的字符串，在现实的Web请求中一般会返回一个复杂的符合HTML规则的字符串，所以我们一般将要返回给用户的HTML写在指定文件中，然后再返回。如：

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head lang="en">
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title></title>
</head>
<body>
    <h1>Index</h1>

</body>
</html>

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head lang="en">
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title></title>
</head>
<body>
    <form>
        <input type="text" />
        <input type="text" />
        <input type="submit" />
    </form>
</body>
</html>

#!/usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
 
from wsgiref.simple_server import make_server
 
 
def index():
    # return 'index'
    f = open('index.html')
    data = f.read()
    return data
 
 
def login():
    # return 'login'
    f = open('login.html')
    data = f.read()
    return data
 
 
def routers():
 
    urlpatterns = (
        ('/index/', index),
        ('/login/', login),
    )
 
    return urlpatterns
 
 
def run_server(environ, start_response):
    start_response('200 OK', [('Content-Type', 'text/html')])
    url = environ['PATH_INFO']
    urlpatterns = routers()
    func = None
    for item in urlpatterns:
        if item[0] == url:
            func = item[1]
            break
    if func:
        return func()
    else:
        return '404 not found'
 
 
if __name__ == '__main__':
    httpd = make_server('', 8000, run_server)
    print "Serving HTTP on port 8000..."
    httpd.serve_forever()

　对于上述代码，虽然可以返回给用户HTML的内容以现实复杂的页面，但是还是存在问题：如何给用户返回动态内容？

自定义一套特殊的语法，进行替换
使用开源工具jinja2，遵循其指定语法

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head lang="en">
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title></title>
</head>
<body>
    <h1>{{name}}</h1>

    <ul>
        {% for item in user_list %}
        <li>{{item}}</li>
        {% endfor %}
    </ul>

</body>
</html>

#!/usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
 
from wsgiref.simple_server import make_server
from jinja2 import Template
 
 
def index():
    # return 'index'
 
    # template = Template('Hello {{ name }}!')
    # result = template.render(name='John Doe')
 
    f = open('index.html')
    result = f.read()
    template = Template(result)
    data = template.render(name='John Doe', user_list=['alex', 'eric'])
    return data.encode('utf-8')
 
 
def login():
    # return 'login'
    f = open('login.html')
    data = f.read()
    return data
 
 
def routers():
 
    urlpatterns = (
        ('/index/', index),
        ('/login/', login),
    )
 
    return urlpatterns
 
 
def run_server(environ, start_response):
    start_response('200 OK', [('Content-Type', 'text/html')])
    url = environ['PATH_INFO']
    urlpatterns = routers()
    func = None
    for item in urlpatterns:
        if item[0] == url:
            func = item[1]
            break
    if func:
        return func()
    else:
        return '404 not found'
 
 
if __name__ == '__main__':
    httpd = make_server('', 8000, run_server)
    print "Serving HTTP on port 8000..."
    httpd.serve_forever()

　　遵循jinja2的语法规则，其内部会对指定的语法进行相应的替换，从而达到动态的返回内容，

对于模板引擎的本质，参考另外一篇博客：白话tornado源码之褪去模板外衣的前戏