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第5期——动词的分类
1 我xx他，他被我xx
我____他。（主动）
他被我____。（被动）
填动词，读的通？语意
全ok，完全及物c.vt。全ok但差点儿意思，不完全及物i.vt。eg：打。
半ok，不完全不及物（系动词）i.vi。
全不ok，完全不及物c.vi。eg：跑
2 完全及物，主谓宾结构。
s+c.vt+o 主/被动/进行。
He wrote a book.
he was writing a book.
the book was written by him.
a book was being written by him.
…………………
常用to do当宾语：
表示某种愿望、企图。want hope desire.
常用doing作宾语：
He considered studying abroad.她考虑出国念书。
I once imagined going on a date with him.我曾想象和他去约会。
I just can't fancy getting along with them.我无法想象我会和他们相处的来。
He risked doing it.他冒险做这事。
I avoid seeing him again.我避免再见到他。
He escaped being killed in the accident.他在那次意外中幸免于难。
They suggested putting off the game.他们建议将比赛延期。
He recommended traveling abroad.他建议去国外旅行。
I enjoy dancing.她喜欢跳舞。
I resent having to do so much work.我讨厌要做这么多工作。
I practiced playing the piano.我练过钢琴了。
He stopped smoking.
He quit smoking.
Would you mind opening the window for me.你介意为我打开窗户吗？
注意:
Resist doing 抗拒…
Refuse to do 拒绝…
I refuse to do it.我拒绝做此事。
I couldn't resist having some more ice cream.我忍不住要再吃些冰淇淋。
=I couldn't help having some more ice cream.
Except to do = Anticipate doing.期望…
I expect to travel around the world with him.
I anticipate traveling around the world with him.
Stop doing.
Quit doing.
cease doing/to do停止…
They ceased working/to work at exactly five p.m.他们下午5点整停工。
Stop to do.停下来而去…
He stopped to talk to me when he saw me.
He stopped (what he was doing) to talk to me when he saw me.他看见我，便停下来和我说话。
继续开始喜欢爱恨。Continue, start, begin, like, love, hate，接to do /doing意思不变。
He continue trying/to try his luck at the casino.他继续在赌场里试他的手气。
They started building/ to build the house.他们开始建这栋房子。
I like/ love/ hate listening/ to listen to music.
3 完全不及物，主谓结构。
s+c.vi 一般/进行/不加宾/无被动。
Something happened.
Something was happening.
4 不完全及物，主谓宾宾补结构。
使役动词。
叫……make/have
I made/ had him wash the car.
He was made to wash the car.had不行
我叫他洗车/他被要求洗车。
让……let
I let him wash the car.
I let him in.
强迫/要求/怂恿/催促……
force/ ask/ encourage/ compell/ tell+sb+to do
I forced him to recite the lesson.
I asked him to write the letter.
He told me to finish the work by ten.
I encouraged him to work harder.
He compelled me to do it against my will.
Push sb to催促某人去。
Seduce sb to勾引某人去。
Entice sb to引诱某人去。
Except sb to期望某人去。
want sb to要某人去。
使……成为
make+sb/sth+n/adj
The trip made him happy.
His teacher made him a good student.
知觉动词。
可以是完全及物(主谓)，也可不完全及物(主谓宾宾补)。
看：see observe watch look at, notice
听：hear, listen to
感觉：feel
宾补原形，一般现在表事实。……了
I saw him dance.
I heard him sing.
I felt him move.
宾补进行状态。……正在……
I saw him dancing when I walked in.
As I pushed the door open, I heard him singing.
When the door bell rang, I felt my legs trembling.
宾补被动状态。……被……
I saw him killed.
I heard the door closed.
I felt myself lifted.
以上三种补语变被动语态时，除动词原形要变成to do外，其余不变。
I saw him do it.
He was seen to do it.
I saw him dancing.
He was seen dancing.
I saw the dog run over by a car.
The dog was seen run over by a car.
任命动词。
选举、指派、任命。
elect, assign, appoint+sb+职位名词,省略冠词。
We elect him chairman of the committee.
认定动词。视……为……
v+sb/sth+n/adj
与介词连用
We regard /look upon/ think of /see/ view him as a genius.
I regard his behavior as inappropriate.
take it for granted.认为……理所当然
I mistook the long-haired boy for a girl.
与to be连用。
We think/ consider/ deem him (to be) a genius /to be nice.
To be可省略。
We consider/ think/ deem him a genius/ nice.
to do短语作宾语
think believe find deem consider 形式宾it.
这五个词做不完全及物时，不得使用to do短语作宾语，一定要有形式宾语it取代。
I think to climb mountains fun.×
I think it fun to climb mountains. i.vt主谓宾宾补
I find it necessary to do the work. i.vt主谓宾宾补
I deem it an horor to give this speech. i.vt主谓宾宾补
He made it a rule to get up early.i.vt主谓宾宾补
I think (that) it is interesting to climb mountains. c.vt主谓宾
转变动词。
使……变成……
Change into /turn into.
The experience turned /changed him into a good student.
其他重要不完全及物(主谓宾宾补)。i.vt
They set him free.
I painted the door green.
The sight struck him dumb.
The baby cried itself to sleep.
The misfortune nearly drove him mad.
They named the baby Tom.
They call him a liar.
Don't leave the door open.
You must keep your teeth clean.
I want the job done
no later than five.
Help me (to) find
my watch.
5 不完全不及物，主系表结构。
如become系动词。
1.我变成他 ok
他被我变成 not ok
2.套用完全不及物。主谓/一般/进行/不加宾/无被动
He became.
He was becoming.
两句语意都不全，需要有补充语。
He became happy.
系动词+形容词(这里不讲be+n)
……………………
He is washing the car.现在分词。
His job is washing cars.动名词。
区分：
v-ing可以和主语互换-动名词。
不能互换-现在分词。
Washing the car is he.×
Washing cars is his job.√
…………………
感官动词，"……起来"，接名词时+like。
look+like+n
It sounds like a good idea.听起来像是个好主意。
The food tastes like fish.这食物尝起来像鱼肉。
Feel like+名词感觉像……
Feel like+动名词想要……
I feel like a newborn baby.
I feel like taking a walk today.
=I would like to take a walk today.
……………………
feel(摸) taste(尝) smell(闻)也可以做完全及物(主谓宾)+名词
The doctor felt my forehead and said I had a fever.医生摸我的额头说我发烧了。
Don't taste that food; it has spoiled.别尝那食物，它已经馊了。
He smelled something burning.他闻到有东西烧焦了。
……………………
look与介词连用时，可形成短语动词，视为及物动词。用adv修饰。
Look into = investigate.调查。
Look over = examine.检查。
Look at = watch.看。
He looked happily at me.√
He looked carefully into the case.√
He looked happy at me.×
He looked careful into the case.×
………………
不完全不及物(主系表)的重要相关短语。
John fell ill and couldn't attend school today.
He soon fell asleep.
Provisions ran short.粮食不足了。
I don't know how he came to be so popular.
Came to be = gradually became.渐渐变成。
The document proved to be a forgery.
这份文件证实是伪造的。
6 授予动词，主谓双宾结构。
I give him the book.(主谓双宾)
to/for/of/with
I sent the letter to him.
I bought the book for him.
of 有from意，从……中，凡表要求都可用。东西+of+对象
I asked a question of him.
I didn't Expect Much of him.√｜×间接 Expect him much.
He required nothing of me.√｜×间接 Required me nothing.
He demanded little of me.√｜×间接 demand me little.
与上述不同的是
对象+of+东西。…的…
rob抢夺
He robbed my money.×
He robbed me of my money.√
My money was robbed.×
I was robbed of my money.√
deprive剥夺(权利)
The court deprived all his civil rights.×
The court deprived him of all his civil rights.(主动)
法院剥夺了他的公民权利。
All his civil rights were deprived/ stripped.×
He was deprived /stripped of all his civil rights.(被动)
他被剥夺了公民权利。
relieve解除(职务指挥权等)
rid解除，摆脱。rid三态同形
I can't rid myself of the painful memory.
I can't get rid of the painful memory.
break戒除cure治愈
…………………………
with表"提供",除offer
Offer, provide, supply, furnish, present.
He offered me all I needed.
He provided /supplied/ furnished me with all I needed.
He Offered all I needed to me.
He provided all I needed for me.
He presented a watch to me.
Offer to do = be willing to do 愿意…
I took a picture of him.照片里有他。
I took a picture for him.照片里可以没有他。