Drawing

 Drawing 对象不支持布局、输入和焦点，因此它们提供性能优势，使其非常适合用于描述背景、剪贴画以及用于对象的低级别绘图 Visual 。

由于 Drawing对象是一个类型 Freezable 对象，因此 Drawing 对象获取几个特殊功能，其中包括：它们可以声明为资源、在多个对象之间共享、变为只读以提高性能、克隆以及使线程安全。

<Page 
  xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation"
  xmlns:x="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml"
  xmlns:PresentationOptions="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation/options" 
  xmlns:mc="http://schemas.openxmlformats.org/markup-compatibility/2006"
  mc:Ignorable="PresentationOptions"
  Background="White" Margin="20">

  <Border BorderBrush="Gray" BorderThickness="1" 
    HorizontalAlignment="Left" VerticalAlignment="Top"
    Margin="10">

    <!-- This image uses a Drawing object for its source. -->
    <Image>
      <Image.Source>
        <DrawingImage PresentationOptions:Freeze="True">
          <DrawingImage.Drawing>
            <GeometryDrawing>
              <GeometryDrawing.Geometry>
                <GeometryGroup>
                  <EllipseGeometry Center="50,50" RadiusX="45" RadiusY="20" />
                  <EllipseGeometry Center="50,50" RadiusX="20" RadiusY="45" />
                </GeometryGroup>
              </GeometryDrawing.Geometry>
              <GeometryDrawing.Brush>
                <LinearGradientBrush>
                  <GradientStop Offset="0.0" Color="Blue" />
                  <GradientStop Offset="1.0" Color="#CCCCFF" />
                </LinearGradientBrush>
              </GeometryDrawing.Brush>
              <GeometryDrawing.Pen>
                <Pen Thickness="10" Brush="Black" />
              </GeometryDrawing.Pen>
            </GeometryDrawing>
          </DrawingImage.Drawing>
        </DrawingImage>
      </Image.Source>
    </Image>
  </Border>

</Page>

为了使用DrawingVisual对象，您需要为对象创建一个宿主容器。 主机容器对象必须派生自FrameworkElement类，该类提供类缺少的DrawingVisual布局和事件处理支持。 宿主容器对象不显示任何可视属性，因为它的主要用途是包含子对象。

为可视对象创建宿主容器对象时，需要在 中VisualCollection存储可视对象引用。

// Create a host visual derived from the FrameworkElement class.
// This class provides layout, event handling, and container support for
// the child visual objects.
public class MyVisualHost : FrameworkElement
{
    // Create a collection of child visual objects.
    private VisualCollection _children;

    public MyVisualHost()
    {
        _children = new VisualCollection(this);
        _children.Add(CreateDrawingVisualRectangle());
        _children.Add(CreateDrawingVisualText());
        _children.Add(CreateDrawingVisualEllipses());

        // Add the event handler for MouseLeftButtonUp.
        this.MouseLeftButtonUp += new System.Windows.Input.MouseButtonEventHandler(MyVisualHost_MouseLeftButtonUp);
    }

宿主容器对象负责管理其视觉对象的集合。 这要求主机容器实现成员重写派生FrameworkElement类。

下表介绍了必须重写的两个成员：

在下面的示例中，将实现两FrameworkElement个成员的重写。

// Provide a required override for the VisualChildrenCount property.
protected override int VisualChildrenCount
{
    get { return _children.Count; }
}

// Provide a required override for the GetVisualChild method.
protected override Visual GetVisualChild(int index)
{
    if (index < 0 || index >= _children.Count)
    {
        throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException();
    }

    return _children[index];
}

事件处理例程可以通过调用HitTest方法实现命中测试。

// Capture the mouse event and hit test the coordinate point value against
// the child visual objects.
void MyVisualHost_MouseLeftButtonUp(object sender, System.Windows.Input.MouseButtonEventArgs e)
{
    // Retrieve the coordinates of the mouse button event.
    System.Windows.Point pt = e.GetPosition((UIElement)sender);

    // Initiate the hit test by setting up a hit test result callback method.
    VisualTreeHelper.HitTest(this, null, new HitTestResultCallback(myCallback), new PointHitTestParameters(pt));
}

// If a child visual object is hit, toggle its opacity to visually indicate a hit.
public HitTestResultBehavior myCallback(HitTestResult result)
{
    if (result.VisualHit.GetType() == typeof(DrawingVisual))
    {
        if (((DrawingVisual)result.VisualHit).Opacity == 1.0)
        {
            ((DrawingVisual)result.VisualHit).Opacity = 0.4;
        }
        else
        {
            ((DrawingVisual)result.VisualHit).Opacity = 1.0;
        }
    }

    // Stop the hit test enumeration of objects in the visual tree.
    return HitTestResultBehavior.Stop;
}

创建DrawingVisual 对象

// Create a DrawingVisual that contains a rectangle.
private DrawingVisual CreateDrawingVisualRectangle()
{
    DrawingVisual drawingVisual = new DrawingVisual();

    // Retrieve the DrawingContext in order to create new drawing content.
    DrawingContext drawingContext = drawingVisual.RenderOpen();

    // Create a rectangle and draw it in the DrawingContext.
    Rect rect = new Rect(new System.Windows.Point(160, 100), new System.Windows.Size(320, 80));
    drawingContext.DrawRectangle(System.Windows.Media.Brushes.LightBlue, (System.Windows.Media.Pen)null, rect);

    // Persist the drawing content.
    drawingContext.Close();

    return drawingVisual;
}

将 Visual 编码为图像文件

// Base Image
BitmapImage bi = new BitmapImage();
bi.BeginInit();
bi.UriSource = new Uri("sampleImages/waterlilies.jpg",UriKind.Relative);
bi.DecodePixelWidth = 200;
bi.EndInit();

// Text to render on the image.
FormattedText text = new FormattedText("Waterlilies",
        new CultureInfo("en-us"),
        FlowDirection.LeftToRight,
        new Typeface(this.FontFamily, FontStyles.Normal, FontWeights.Normal, new FontStretch()),
        this.FontSize,
        Brushes.White);

// The Visual to use as the source of the RenderTargetBitmap.
DrawingVisual drawingVisual = new DrawingVisual();
DrawingContext drawingContext = drawingVisual.RenderOpen();
drawingContext.DrawImage(bi,new Rect(0,0,bi.Width,bi.Height));
drawingContext.DrawText(text, new Point(bi.Height/2, 0));
drawingContext.Close();

// The BitmapSource that is rendered with a Visual.
RenderTargetBitmap rtb = new RenderTargetBitmap(bi.PixelWidth, bi.PixelHeight, 96, 96, PixelFormats.Pbgra32);
rtb.Render(drawingVisual);

// Encoding the RenderBitmapTarget as a PNG file.
PngBitmapEncoder png = new PngBitmapEncoder();
png.Frames.Add(BitmapFrame.Create(rtb));
using (Stream stm = File.Create("new.png"))
{
   png.Save(stm);
}

复合几何图形

使用 GeometryGroup、CombinedGeometry 或者通过调用静态的 Geometry 方法 Combine，可以创建复合几何图形对象。它们主要的区别是：

  • CombinedGeometry 对子图形进行叠加操作，没有面积的子图形将被丢弃。只能组合两个子图形（但是这两个子图形也可以是复合几何图形）。CombinedGeometry的叠加方式有四种：Union、Intersect、Exclude 和 Xor
  • GeometryGroup 只进行组合，而不进行面积叠加。可以添加多个子图形。填充方式由FillRule设定

Geometry对象中本身还包含了一系列非常有用的方法，如：

FillContains，StrokeContains用于鼠标命中测试是非常方便的。

Geometry对象并不能作为图像独立呈现出来，它一般有如下几种呈现方式：

  • 在Path中呈现
  • 在DrawingContext中呈现
  • 在GeometryDrawing中呈现

DrawingContext比较类似WinForm中的Graphics 类，是基础的绘图对象，用于绘制各种图形。使用DrawingContext绘图的一个最简单的方式是重载控件的OnRender方法

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原文地址：https://www.cnblogs.com/yetsen/p/13579653.html