python基础学习(一)

python简介

  python的创始人为吉多·范罗苏姆(Guido van Rossum),诞生时间1989年圣诞

一、变量的命令规则

  1.变量只能由大小写字母、数字和下划线三部分组成,并且不能以数字开头

  2.变量名一定不能是关键字

   比如:pass if else print import.......

二、python注释

  1.单行注释:#

  2.多行注释:''' content ''' 或者 """ content """

三、python的数据类型

 1.int
2.long
3.float
4.布尔型
5.字符串


字符串相关的操作:
1.移除空白:str.strip(' ')
默认去除空白,需要去除什么,直接在strip('')里面写入即可

四、列表
name_list = ['zhangsan','lisi','tenglan']
name_list
type(name_list)
列表的基本操作:
1.索引 name_list[2]
2.切片 name_list[0:2]
3.追加 name_list.append('alex')
name_list.extend(['alex','jack'])
name_list.insert(1,'lilei')
4.删除 name_list.pop() name_list.remove('alex')
5.长度 len(name_list)
6.循环 for i in name_list:
如果一个列表中有多个alex,我们要全部删除:
for i in range(name_list.count('alex')):
name_list.remove('alex')

7.包含
8.索引值的个数:name_list.count('alex')
9.某个值的索引:name_list.index('jack')
10.排序:name_list.sort()
反转:name_list.reverse()

注意:range(1)
此处range相当于是一个迭代器,和python2.7不同


五、元组:
1.索引
2.切片
3.t.count('lisi'):lisi在元组中出现的次数
4.t.index('lisi'):lisi在元组的下标


六、按位运算
1.逻辑与:&
2.逻辑或:|
3.异或:^
4.取反:~
5.左移:<< 向左移右边补0
6.右移: >> 向右移左边补0

七、逻辑运算符
1.逻辑与:and(布尔与)
2.逻辑或:or(布尔或)
3.逻辑否:not(布尔非)

八、成员运算符:
1.in
2.not in

九、身份运算符
用于比较两个对象的存储单元

1.is:判断两个标识符是不是引用自一个对象
2.is not:判断两个标识符是不是引用自不同对象

十、文件的操作:
1.打开文件
file_obj = file('文件路径','模式')(python3中file已经不可用)
file_obj = open('文件路径','模式')

打开文件的模式
1.r:以只读方式打开文件
2.w:打开一个文件只用于写入,如果该文件存在则覆盖
3.a:打开一个文件用于追加,如果该文件已经存在,则在文件末尾进行追加,如果文件不存在则新建
4.w+:可写可读

四、模块

1.getpass

第一个模块:getpass
[root@MiWiFi-R1CM-srv preview]# cat test_pass.py
#!/usr/bin/evn python3
import getpass
username = input("username:")
passwd = getpass.getpass("password:")
print(username,passwd)
[root@MiWiFi-R1CM-srv preview]# python3 test_pass.py
username:li yue mei
password:
li yue mei 000000

有一点需要注意:在导入模块的时候只需要写文件名即可,不需要加py
>>> import test_pass.py
username:nihao
password:
nihao 000000
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
ImportError: No module named 'test_pass.py'; 'test_pass' is not a package
View Code

2.os

>>> import os
>>> os.mkdir('zhanglei')
>>> cmd_res = os.popen('df -hT').read()
>>> print(cmd_res)
Filesystem                   Type   Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/mapper/VolGroup-lv_root ext4    18G  2.2G   15G  14% /
tmpfs                        tmpfs  242M     0  242M   0% /dev/shm
/dev/sda1                    ext4   485M   33M  427M   8% /boot
View Code

3.sys

>>> import sys
>>> sys.path
['', '/usr/local/python/lib/python35.zip', '/usr/local/python/lib/python3.5', '/usr/local/python/lib/python3.5/plat-linux', '/usr/local/python/lib/python3.5/lib-dynload', '/usr/local/python/lib/python3.5/site-packages']

>>> sys.version
'3.5.1 (default, Mar 27 2016, 00:36:55) 
[GCC 4.4.7 20120313 (Red Hat 4.4.7-16)]'

>>> sys.copyright
'Copyright (c) 2001-2015 Python Software Foundation.
All Rights Reserved.

Copyright (c) 2000 BeOpen.com.
All Rights Reserved.

Copyright (c) 1995-2001 Corporation for National Research Initiatives.
All Rights Reserved.

Copyright (c) 1991-1995 Stichting Mathematisch Centrum, Amsterdam.
All Rights Reserved.'

>>> sys.maxsize
9223372036854775807
>>> sys.prefix
'/usr/local/python'
>>> sys.platform
'linux'

建议自己写的python模块存放目录:/usr/local/python/lib/python3.5/site-packages
View Code

四、循环

1.if....else

name = 'alex'
passwd = 'alex3714'

username = input('please input username:')
password = input('please input password:')

if username == name:
    print('用户名输入正确。')
    if password == passwd:
        print('密码输入正确')
        print('恭喜你,用户名和密码全部输入正确。')
    else:
        print('密码输入错误')
else:
    print('呵呵,连用户名都没有输对,你太笨了。')
View Code

改进后的程序:

name = 'alex'
passwd = 'alex3714'

username = input('please input username:')
password = input('please input password:')

if username == name and password == passwd:
    print("Welcome Login !")
else:
    print('Invaild username or password,please input again!')
View Code

2.if...elif...else

age = 18
guess_num = int(input('please input you guess number:'))
if guess_num == age :
    print('Congruations.You got it.')
elif guess_num > age:
    print('Think Smaller.')
else:
    print('Think Bigger.')
View Code

程序执行结果如下:

猜对了:
C:python35python3.exe D:/PythonS13/Day1/elif程序.py
please input you guess number:18
Congruations.You got it.

猜小了:
C:python35python3.exe D:/PythonS13/Day1/elif程序.py
please input you guess number:12
Think Bigger.

猜大了:
C:python35python3.exe D:/PythonS13/Day1/elif程序.py
please input you guess number:20
Think Smaller.
View Code

3.for循环和break的使用

age = 18
for i in range(10):
    if i < 3:
        guess_num = int(input('please input you guess number:'))
        if guess_num == age :
            print('Congruations.You got it.')
            break    #不往后走了,跳出整个循环
        elif guess_num > age:
            print('Think Smaller.')
        else:
            print('Think Bigger.')
    else:
        print('Too mang time attempts!')
        break
View Code
原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/yamei/p/5491718.html