利用C#创建和安装一个windows服务

最近项目需要，需要定时获取天气资料往数据数库内写入数据，所以就考虑到了.net内的window服务。以前没有这方面的需求，所以基本没怎么接触过。所以也借这次机会好好补充下这方面的知识，以备以后工作之需。

关于winds服务的介绍，这里有一篇文章介绍得很清楚：http://blog.csdn.net/yysyangyangyangshan/article/details/7295739，但这里的具体步骤讲述不是很清楚，所以现用具体的方式再讲述下windows服务的开发与安装事项。

开发环境：Win7 32位；工具：visualstudio2010。因为win7自带的就有.net环境，算是偷一下懒吧。因为无论是手动安装或程序安装都要用到。一个目录（默认C盘为操作系统的情况）：C:WindowsMicrosoft.NETFramework，如果你的代码是.net2.0：C:WindowsMicrosoft.NETFrameworkv2.0.50727；4.0：C:WindowsMicrosoft.NETFrameworkv4.0.30319。下面看一下代码：一、创建windows服务如图新建一个Windows服务进入程序如图空白服务如下

[csharp] view plain copy print ?

public partial class Service1 : ServiceBase
{
System.Threading.Timer recordTimer;
public Service1()
{
InitializeComponent();
}
protected override void OnStart(string[] args)
{
}
protected override void OnStop()
{
}
}

 public partial class Service1 : ServiceBase
    {
        System.Threading.Timer recordTimer;


        public Service1()
        {
            InitializeComponent();
        }


        protected override void OnStart(string[] args)
        {
        }


        protected override void OnStop()
        {
        }
    }

只要在OnStart里完成你的功能代码即可。本例中我们做一个定时向本地文件写记录的功能。如图创建一个类，用户写文件，

[csharp] view plain copy print ?

public class FileOpetation
{
/// <summary>
/// 保存至本地文件
/// </summary>
/// <param name="ETMID"></param>
/// <param name="content"></param>
public static void SaveRecord(string content)
{
if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(content))
{
return;
}
FileStream fileStream = null;
StreamWriter streamWriter = null;
try
{
string path = Path.Combine(System.AppDomain.CurrentDomain.SetupInformation.ApplicationBase, string.Format("{0:yyyyMMdd}", DateTime.Now));
using (fileStream = new FileStream(path, FileMode.Append, FileAccess.Write))
{
using (streamWriter = new StreamWriter(fileStream))
{
streamWriter.Write(content);
if (streamWriter != null)
{
streamWriter.Close();
}
}
if (fileStream != null)
{
fileStream.Close();
}
}
}
catch { }
}
}

 public class FileOpetation
    {
        /// <summary>
        /// 保存至本地文件
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="ETMID"></param>
        /// <param name="content"></param>
        public static void SaveRecord(string content)
        {
            if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(content))
            {
                return;
            }


            FileStream fileStream = null;


            StreamWriter streamWriter = null;


            try
            {
                string path = Path.Combine(System.AppDomain.CurrentDomain.SetupInformation.ApplicationBase, string.Format("{0:yyyyMMdd}", DateTime.Now));


                using (fileStream = new FileStream(path, FileMode.Append, FileAccess.Write))
                {
                    using (streamWriter = new StreamWriter(fileStream))
                    {
                        streamWriter.Write(content);


                        if (streamWriter != null)
                        {
                            streamWriter.Close();
                        }
                    }


                    if (fileStream != null)
                    {
                        fileStream.Close();
                    }
                }
            }
            catch { }
        }
    }

那么在Service1中调用，

[csharp] view plain copy print ?

public partial class Service1 : ServiceBase
{
System.Threading.Timer recordTimer;
public Service1()
{
InitializeComponent();
}
protected override void OnStart(string[] args)
{
IntialSaveRecord();
}
protected override void OnStop()
{
if (recordTimer != null)
{
recordTimer.Dispose();
}
}
private void IntialSaveRecord()
{
TimerCallback timerCallback = new TimerCallback(CallbackTask);
AutoResetEvent autoEvent = new AutoResetEvent(false);
recordTimer = new System.Threading.Timer(timerCallback, autoEvent, 10000, 60000 * 10);
}
private void CallbackTask(Object stateInfo)
{
FileOpetation.SaveRecord(string.Format(@"当前记录时间：{0},状况：程序运行正常！", DateTime.Now));
}
}

 public partial class Service1 : ServiceBase
    {
        System.Threading.Timer recordTimer;


        public Service1()
        {
            InitializeComponent();
        }


        protected override void OnStart(string[] args)
        {
            IntialSaveRecord();
        }


        protected override void OnStop()
        {
            if (recordTimer != null)
            {
                recordTimer.Dispose();
            }
        }


        private void IntialSaveRecord()
        {
            TimerCallback timerCallback = new TimerCallback(CallbackTask);


            AutoResetEvent autoEvent = new AutoResetEvent(false);


            recordTimer = new System.Threading.Timer(timerCallback, autoEvent, 10000, 60000 * 10);
        }


        private void CallbackTask(Object stateInfo)
        {
            FileOpetation.SaveRecord(string.Format(@"当前记录时间：{0},状况：程序运行正常！", DateTime.Now));
        }
    }

这样服务算是写的差不多了，下面添加一个安装类，用于安装。如图，在service1上右键-添加安装程序，如图，添加一个安装程序，如图，添加完成后，设置相应的属性，给serviceInstaller1设置属性，主要是描述信息。如图，给serviceProcessInstaller1设置，主要是account。一般选localsystem，如图，这样服务已经写好了。那么如何添加到windows服务里面去呢。除了之前说过的用CMD，InstallUtil.exe和服务的exe文件进行手动添加。这些可以用代码来实现的。当然主要过程都是一样的。代码实现也是使用dos命令来完成的。二、代码安装Windows服务上面写好的服务，最终生成的是一个exe文件。如图，安装程序安装时需要用到这个exe的路径，所以方便起见，将这个生成的exe文件拷贝至安装程序的运行目录下。

安装代码，

[csharp] view plain copy print ?

class Program
{
static void Main(string[] args)
{
Application.EnableVisualStyles();
Application.SetCompatibleTextRenderingDefault(false);
string sysDisk = System.Environment.SystemDirectory.Substring(0,3);
string dotNetPath = sysDisk + @"WINDOWSMicrosoft.NETFrameworkv4.0.30319InstallUtil.exe";//因为当前用的是4.0的环境
string serviceEXEPath = Application.StartupPath+@"MyFirstWindowsService.exe";//把服务的exe程序拷贝到了当前运行目录下，所以用此路径
string serviceInstallCommand = string.Format(@"{0} {1}", dotNetPath, serviceEXEPath);//安装服务时使用的dos命令
string serviceUninstallCommand = string.Format(@"{0} -U {1}", dotNetPath, serviceEXEPath);//卸载服务时使用的dos命令
try
{
if (File.Exists(dotNetPath))
{
string[] cmd = new string[] { serviceUninstallCommand };
string ss = Cmd(cmd);
CloseProcess("cmd.exe");
}
}
catch
{
}
Thread.Sleep(1000);
try
{
if (File.Exists(dotNetPath))
{
string[] cmd = new string[] { serviceInstallCommand };
string ss = Cmd(cmd);
CloseProcess("cmd.exe");
}
}
catch
{
}
try
{
Thread.Sleep(3000);
ServiceController sc = new ServiceController("MyFirstWindowsService");
if (sc != null && (sc.Status.Equals(ServiceControllerStatus.Stopped)) ||
(sc.Status.Equals(ServiceControllerStatus.StopPending)))
{
sc.Start();
}
sc.Refresh();
}
catch
{
}
}
/// <summary>
/// 运行CMD命令
/// </summary>
/// <param name="cmd">命令</param>
/// <returns></returns>
public static string Cmd(string[] cmd)
{
Process p = new Process();
p.StartInfo.FileName = "cmd.exe";
p.StartInfo.UseShellExecute = false;
p.StartInfo.RedirectStandardInput = true;
p.StartInfo.RedirectStandardOutput = true;
p.StartInfo.RedirectStandardError = true;
p.StartInfo.CreateNoWindow = true;
p.Start();
p.StandardInput.AutoFlush = true;
for (int i = 0; i < cmd.Length; i++)
{
p.StandardInput.WriteLine(cmd[i].ToString());
}
p.StandardInput.WriteLine("exit");
string strRst = p.StandardOutput.ReadToEnd();
p.WaitForExit();
p.Close();
return strRst;
}
/// <summary>
/// 关闭进程
/// </summary>
/// <param name="ProcName">进程名称</param>
/// <returns></returns>
public static bool CloseProcess(string ProcName)
{
bool result = false;
System.Collections.ArrayList procList = new System.Collections.ArrayList();
string tempName = "";
int begpos;
int endpos;
foreach (System.Diagnostics.Process thisProc in System.Diagnostics.Process.GetProcesses())
{
tempName = thisProc.ToString();
begpos = tempName.IndexOf("(") + 1;
endpos = tempName.IndexOf(")");
tempName = tempName.Substring(begpos, endpos - begpos);
procList.Add(tempName);
if (tempName == ProcName)
{
if (!thisProc.CloseMainWindow())
thisProc.Kill(); // 当发送关闭窗口命令无效时强行结束进程
result = true;
}
}
return result;
}
}

class Program
    {
        static void Main(string[] args)
        {
             Application.EnableVisualStyles();


            Application.SetCompatibleTextRenderingDefault(false);


            string sysDisk = System.Environment.SystemDirectory.Substring(0,3);


            string dotNetPath = sysDisk + @"WINDOWSMicrosoft.NETFrameworkv4.0.30319InstallUtil.exe";//因为当前用的是4.0的环境


            string serviceEXEPath = Application.StartupPath+@"MyFirstWindowsService.exe";//把服务的exe程序拷贝到了当前运行目录下，所以用此路径


            string serviceInstallCommand = string.Format(@"{0}  {1}", dotNetPath, serviceEXEPath);//安装服务时使用的dos命令


            string serviceUninstallCommand = string.Format(@"{0} -U {1}", dotNetPath, serviceEXEPath);//卸载服务时使用的dos命令


            try
            {
                if (File.Exists(dotNetPath))
                {
                    string[] cmd = new string[] { serviceUninstallCommand };


                    string ss = Cmd(cmd);


                    CloseProcess("cmd.exe");
                }


            }
            catch
            {
            }


            Thread.Sleep(1000);


            try
            {
                if (File.Exists(dotNetPath))
                {
                    string[] cmd = new string[] { serviceInstallCommand };


                    string ss = Cmd(cmd);


                    CloseProcess("cmd.exe");
                }


            }
            catch
            {


            }


            try
            {
                Thread.Sleep(3000);


                ServiceController sc = new ServiceController("MyFirstWindowsService");


                if (sc != null && (sc.Status.Equals(ServiceControllerStatus.Stopped)) ||


                          (sc.Status.Equals(ServiceControllerStatus.StopPending)))
                {
                    sc.Start();
                }
                sc.Refresh();
            }
            catch
            {
            }
        }


        /// <summary>
        /// 运行CMD命令
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="cmd">命令</param>
        /// <returns></returns>
        public static string Cmd(string[] cmd)
        {
            Process p = new Process();
            p.StartInfo.FileName = "cmd.exe";
            p.StartInfo.UseShellExecute = false;
            p.StartInfo.RedirectStandardInput = true;
            p.StartInfo.RedirectStandardOutput = true;
            p.StartInfo.RedirectStandardError = true;
            p.StartInfo.CreateNoWindow = true;
            p.Start();
            p.StandardInput.AutoFlush = true;
            for (int i = 0; i < cmd.Length; i++)
            {
                p.StandardInput.WriteLine(cmd[i].ToString());
            }
            p.StandardInput.WriteLine("exit");
            string strRst = p.StandardOutput.ReadToEnd();
            p.WaitForExit();
            p.Close();
            return strRst;
        }


        /// <summary>
        /// 关闭进程
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="ProcName">进程名称</param>
        /// <returns></returns>
        public static bool CloseProcess(string ProcName)
        {
            bool result = false;
            System.Collections.ArrayList procList = new System.Collections.ArrayList();
            string tempName = "";
            int begpos;
            int endpos;
            foreach (System.Diagnostics.Process thisProc in System.Diagnostics.Process.GetProcesses())
            {
                tempName = thisProc.ToString();
                begpos = tempName.IndexOf("(") + 1;
                endpos = tempName.IndexOf(")");
                tempName = tempName.Substring(begpos, endpos - begpos);
                procList.Add(tempName);
                if (tempName == ProcName)
                {
                    if (!thisProc.CloseMainWindow())
                        thisProc.Kill(); // 当发送关闭窗口命令无效时强行结束进程
                    result = true;
                }
            }
            return result;
        }
    }

这段代码其实可以放在项目中的某个地方，或单独执行程序中，只好设置好dotNetPath和serviceEXEPath路径就可以了。

运行完后，如图，再在安装目录下看记录的文件，

这样，一个windows服务安装成功了。

代码下载：http://download.csdn.net/detail/yysyangyangyangshan/6032671

原文地址：http://blog.csdn.net/yysyangyangyangshan/article/details/10515035

再另加windows服务的具体安装步骤：

安装服务

点击开始，运行中输入cmd，获取命令提示符

win7需要已管理员的身份启动，否则无法安装

步骤阅读

2

输入 cd C:WindowsMicrosoft.NETFrameworkv4.0.30319 回车

切换当前目录，此处需要注意的是，在C:WindowsMicrosoft.NETFramework目录下有很多类似版本，具体去哪个目录要看项目的运行环境，例如果是.net framework2.0则需要输入 cd C:WindowsMicrosoft.NETFrameworkv2.0.50727

步骤阅读
3

输入 InstallUtil.exe E:TestAppWinformWinServiceTestWinServiceTestinDebugWinServiceTest.exe 回车

说明：E:TestAppWinformWinServiceTestWinServiceTestinDebugWinServiceTest.exe表示项目生成的exe文件位置

步骤阅读
4

打开服务，就可以看到已经安装的服务了

步骤阅读

END

百度经验:jingyan.baidu.com

卸载服务

1
卸载很简单，打开cmd，直接输入 sc delete WinServiceTest便可

其他安装方式：

装Winfows服务首先要添加安装程序，添加安装程序步骤如下：

1、将Windows服务程序切换到设计视图，右击设计视图选择“添加安装程序”

2、切换到刚被添加的ProjectInstaller的设计视图

一般设置如下：

设置serviceInstaller1组件的属性： 1) ServiceName = 服务名称 2) StartType = Automatic ，即自动设置serviceProcessInstaller1组件的属性 1) Account = LocalSystem，账户一般设置为本地系统

3、生成解决方案

安装服务：

方法一、使用DOS命令安装window服务

1、在服务所在的文件夹下的bindebug文件夹下找到.exe文件（例如WindowsService1.exe）

将此文件拷贝到你想安装的文件夹中。

2、进入DOS界面

（VS2008-->Visual Studio Tools-->Visual Studio 2008 命令提示）来进入DOS，直接用cmd可能有些命令找不到；

3、输入

方法二、使用安装项目安装windows服务

个人比较推荐这个方法，选择目录安装更灵活，而且不用在DOS环境下运行。

因为本人比较懒，直接给出别人总结的地址

http://blog.csdn.net/dyzcode/article/details/6981547

注意，以后每次服务项目有更改的时候，需要编译服务后，在安装项目中刷新依赖项！！！

方法三、

在ProjectInstaller.cs的后台代码中添加安装服务和卸载服务的代码
[csharp] view plain copy print ?
1. /// <summary>
2. /// 安装服务
3. /// </summary>
4. /// <param name="stateSaver"></param>
5. public override void Install(System.Collections.IDictionary stateSaver)
6. {
7. Microsoft.Win32.RegistryKey system,
8. //HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINEServicesCurrentControlSet
9. currentControlSet,
10. //...Services
11. services,
12. //...<Service Name>
13. service,
14. //...Parameters - this is where you can put service-specific configuration
15. config;
17. try
18. {
19. //Let the project installer do its job
20. base.Install(stateSaver);
22. //Open the HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINESYSTEM key
23. system = Microsoft.Win32.Registry.LocalMachine.OpenSubKey("System");
24. //Open CurrentControlSet
25. currentControlSet = system.OpenSubKey("CurrentControlSet");
26. //Go to the services key
27. services = currentControlSet.OpenSubKey("Services");
28. //Open the key for your service, and allow writing
29. service = services.OpenSubKey(conServiceName, true);
30. //Add your service's description as a REG_SZ value named "Description"
31. service.SetValue("Description", "<span style="font-family: KaiTi_GB2312;">描述语言</span>");
32. //(Optional) Add some custom information your service will use...
33. config = service.CreateSubKey("Parameters");
34. }
35. catch (Exception e)
36. {
37. Console.WriteLine("An exception was thrown during service installation: " + e.ToString());
38. }
39. }
41. /// <summary>
42. /// 卸载服务
43. /// </summary>
44. /// <param name="savedState"></param>
45. public override void Uninstall(System.Collections.IDictionary savedState)
46. {
47. Microsoft.Win32.RegistryKey system,
48. currentControlSet,
49. services,
50. service;
52. try
53. {
54. //Drill down to the service key and open it with write permission
55. system = Microsoft.Win32.Registry.LocalMachine.OpenSubKey("System");
56. currentControlSet = system.OpenSubKey("CurrentControlSet");
57. services = currentControlSet.OpenSubKey("Services");
58. service = services.OpenSubKey(conServiceName, true);
59. //Delete any keys you created during installation (or that your service created)
60. service.DeleteSubKeyTree("Parameters");
61. //...
62. }
63. catch (Exception e)
64. {
65. Console.WriteLine("Exception encountered while uninstalling service: " + e.ToString());
66. }
67. finally
68. {
69. //Let the project installer do its job
70. base.Uninstall(savedState);
71. }
72. }
```
        /// <summary>
        /// 安装服务
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="stateSaver"></param>
        public override void Install(System.Collections.IDictionary stateSaver)
        {
            Microsoft.Win32.RegistryKey system,
                //HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINEServicesCurrentControlSet
                currentControlSet,
                //...Services
                services,
                //...<Service Name>
                service,
                //...Parameters - this is where you can put service-specific configuration
                config;

            try
            {
                //Let the project installer do its job
                base.Install(stateSaver);

                //Open the HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINESYSTEM key
                system = Microsoft.Win32.Registry.LocalMachine.OpenSubKey("System");
                //Open CurrentControlSet
                currentControlSet = system.OpenSubKey("CurrentControlSet");
                //Go to the services key
                services = currentControlSet.OpenSubKey("Services");
                //Open the key for your service, and allow writing
                service = services.OpenSubKey(conServiceName, true);
                //Add your service's description as a REG_SZ value named "Description"
                service.SetValue("Description", "描述语言");
                //(Optional) Add some custom information your service will use...
                config = service.CreateSubKey("Parameters");
            }
            catch (Exception e)
            {
                Console.WriteLine("An exception was thrown during service installation:
" + e.ToString());
            }
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// 卸载服务
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="savedState"></param>
        public override void Uninstall(System.Collections.IDictionary savedState)
        {
            Microsoft.Win32.RegistryKey system,
                currentControlSet,
                services,
                service;

            try
            {
                //Drill down to the service key and open it with write permission
                system = Microsoft.Win32.Registry.LocalMachine.OpenSubKey("System");
                currentControlSet = system.OpenSubKey("CurrentControlSet");
                services = currentControlSet.OpenSubKey("Services");
                service = services.OpenSubKey(conServiceName, true);
                //Delete any keys you created during installation (or that your service created)
                service.DeleteSubKeyTree("Parameters");
                //...
            }
            catch (Exception e)
            {
                Console.WriteLine("Exception encountered while uninstalling service:
" + e.ToString());
            }
            finally
            {
                //Let the project installer do its job
                base.Uninstall(savedState);
            }
        }
```
代码添加完成后

添加window service安装的批处理命令

1）在项目添加一个文本文件，更名为install.bat，编辑文件的内容如下：

@echo off C:WINDOWSMicrosoft.NETFrameworkv2.0.50727InstallUtil.exe -i "WindowsService1.exe" @pause

2）在项目添加一个文本文件，更名为uninstall.bat，编辑文件的内容如下

@echo off C:WINDOWSMicrosoft.NETFrameworkv2.0.50727InstallUtil.exe -u "WindowsService1.exe" @pause

说明：上面绿色字体为服务名称

编译完成后将debug的文件拷贝到想安装的目录下，点击install.bat即完成安装。