Flume(一)

Flume的定义

  • Flume是一个分布式的、高可靠的、高可用的将大批量的不同数据源的日志数据收集、聚合、移动到数据中心(HDFS)进行存储的系统。即是日志采集和汇总的工具
  • Logstash、FileBeat是ES栈的日志数据抽取工具,他们和Flume很类似,前者是轻量级、后者是重量级,若项目组使用的是ES栈技术,那完全可以使用Logstash取代Flume。

版本

  • NG: 1.x的版本   (N=NEW)
  • OG:0.9.x的版本,不用管(O=OLD)
  • 由于我使用的是CDH5.7.0,故选择flume-ng-1.6.0-cdh5.7.0版本,注意此1.6和社区的1.6有差别。
  • flume的优势:

  1. 可以高速采集数据,采集的数据能够以想要的文件格式及压缩方式存储在hdfs上
  2. 事务功能保证了数据在采集的过程中数据不丢失
  3. 部分Source保证了Flume挂了以后重启依旧能够继续在上一次采集点采集数据,真正做到数据零丢失
  • flume的组成

  • flume有3大组件
  1. source(源端数据采集):Flume提供了各种各样的Source、同时还提供了自定义的Source
  2. Channel(临时存储聚合数据):主要用的是memory channel和File channel(生产最常用),生产中channel的数据一定是要监控的,防止sink挂了,撑爆channel
  3. Sink(移动数据到目标端):如HDFS、KAFKA、DB以及自定义的sink
  • flume的架构

  • flume的agent架构
  • 单Agent:

  • 串联Agent:

  • 并联Agent(生产中最多的使用):

 

  •  多sinkAgent(也很常见):

 

 flume部署

  • 打开官网http://archive.cloudera.com/cdh5/cdh/5/

  • 上传并解压

[hadoop@hadoop001 app]$ rz 

flume-ng-1.6.0-cdh5.7.0.tar.gz

[hadoop@hadoop001 app]$tar -xzvf  flume-ng-1.6.0-cdh5.7.0.tar.gz

  

#修改配置文件,添加JAVA_HOME

[hadoop@hadoop001 app]$ cd ~/app/apache-flume-1.6.0-cdh5.7.0-bin
[hadoop@hadoop001 apache-flume-1.6.0-cdh5.7.0-bin]$ cp ~/app/apache-flume-1.6.0-cdh5.7.0-bin/conf/flume-env.sh.template ~/app/apache-flume-1.6.0-cdh5.7.0-bin/conf/flume-env.sh
[hadoop@hadoop001 apache-flume-1.6.0-cdh5.7.0-bin]$ vim ~/app/apache-flume-1.6.0-cdh5.7.0-bin/conf/flume-env.sh
export JAVA_HOME=/usr/java/jdk1.8.0_45


#添加环境变量

hadoop@hadoop001 bin]$ soruce ~/.bash_profile
export FLUME_HOME=/home/hadoop/app/apache-flume-1.6.0-cdh5.7.0-bin
export PATH=$FLUME_HOME/bin:$PATH
[hadoop@hadoop001 bin]$ source ~/.bash_profile
[hadoop@hadoop001 bin]$ which flume-ng
~/app/apache-flume-1.6.0-cdh5.7.0-bin/bin/flume-ng
  • Agent配置使用案列

  1. Flume的使用其实就是Source、Channel、Sink的配置
  2. Agent=Source+Channel+Sink,其实agent就是Flume的配置文件
  3. 一个配置文件可以配置多个Agent的。
  4. Event:Flume数据传输的最小单位,一个EVent就是一条记录,由head和body两个部分组成,head存储的是管道,body存储的是字节数组
  • Flume文件配置

[hadoop@hadoop001 conf]$ vim  /home/hadoop/app/apache-flume-1.6.0-cdh5.7.0-bin/conf/example.conf

# example.conf: A single-node Flume configuration

# Name the components on this agent
a1.sources = r1
a1.sinks = k1
a1.channels = c1

# Describe/configure the source
a1.sources.r1.type = netcat
a1.sources.r1.bind = localhost
a1.sources.r1.port = 44444

# Describe the sink
a1.sinks.k1.type = logger

# Use a channel which buffers events in memory
a1.channels.c1.type = memory
a1.channels.c1.capacity = 1000
a1.channels.c1.transactionCapacity = 100

# Bind the source and sink to the channel
a1.sources.r1.channels = c1
a1.sinks.k1.channel = c1
  •  NetSource:黑色的配置是必填项

  • memory channel:capatity=>channel的存储最大event(消息)个数,生产至少10万条,
  • transationCapacity=>最多达到多少条必须提交事务。生产也必须调大。

  • logger:就是控制台类型的sink
  • 注意1:一个source可以绑定多个channel,但是一个sink只能绑定一个Channel
  • 启动Agent以及测试

  • 启动
#最后一行是为了方便观察输出INFO日志到控制台,可以去掉
flume-ng agent 
--name a1 
--conf $FLUME_HOME/conf 
--conf-file $FLUME_HOME/conf/example.conf 
-Dflume.root.logger=INFO,console


使用telnet测试:

[hadoop@hadoop001 ~]$ telnet localhost 44444
Trying 127.0.0.1...
Connected to localhost.
Escape character is '^]'.
hello
OK

 

Exec Source采集文件数据到hdfs

生产的架构是: log数据=》flume=》hdfs,这里我们采用简单的Exec Source通过tail -F 数据文件进行数据采集。

# example.conf: A single-node Flume configuration

# Name the components on this agent
exec-hdfs-agent.sources = exec-source
exec-hdfs-agent.sinks = hdfs-sink
exec-hdfs-agent.channels = memory-channel

# Describe/configure the source
exec-hdfs-agent.sources.exec-source.type = exec
exec-hdfs-agent.sources.exec-source.command = tail -F /home/hadoop/data/access_10000.log
exec-hdfs-agent.sources.exec-source.shell = /bin/sh -c

# Describe the sink
exec-hdfs-agent.sinks.hdfs-sink.type = hdfs
exec-hdfs-agent.sinks.hdfs-sink.hdfs.path = hdfs://hadoop001:9000/flume/exec
exec-hdfs-agent.sinks.hdfs-sink.hdfs.fileType = DataStream 
exec-hdfs-agent.sinks.hdfs-sink.hdfs.writeFormat = Text

# Use a channel which buffers events in memory
exec-hdfs-agent.channels.memory-channel.type = memory
exec-hdfs-agent.channels.memory-channel.capacity = 1000
exec-hdfs-agent.channels.memory-channel.transactionCapacity = 100

# Bind the source and sink to the channel
exec-hdfs-agent.sources.exec-source.channels = memory-channel
exec-hdfs-agent.sinks.hdfs-sink.channel = memory-channel

  

  • 写hdfs文件时先生成创建一个后缀名称为.tmp的文件,当写完成时,去掉了.tmp

 

  • 缺点:
  1. 虽然此种tail方式可以将日志数据采集到hdfs,但是tail -F进程挂了咋办,还是会丢数据!生产上是行不通的。无法做到高可用。
  2. 其次上面的采集流程并未解决生成大量小文件的问题,无法做到高可靠
  3. tail只能监控一个文件,生产中更多的是监控一个文件夹。不能满足需求
  • 使用Spooling Directory Source采集文件夹数据到hdfs

  • 写到HDFS上的文件大小最好是100M左右,比blocksize的值(128M)略低
  • 一般使用rolllnterval(时间)、rollSize(大小)来控制文件的生成,哪个先触发就会生成HDFS文件,将根据条数的roll关闭。
  • rollSize控制的大小是指的压缩前的,所以若hdfs文件使用了压缩,需调大rollsize的大小
  • 当文件夹下的某个文件被采集到hdfs上,会有个。complete的标志
  • 使用Spooling Directory Source采集文件数据时若该文件数据已经被采集,再对该文件做修改是会报错的停止的,其次若放进去一个已经完成采集的同名数据文件也是会报错停止的
  • 写HDFS数据可按照时间分区,注意改时间刻度内无数据则不会生成该时间文件夹
  • 生成的文件名称默认是前缀+时间戳,这个是可以更改的。
# example.conf: A single-node Flume configuration

# Name the components on this agent
spool-hdfs-agent.sources = spool-source
spool-hdfs-agent.sinks = hdfs-sink
spool-hdfs-agent.channels = memory-channel

# Describe/configure the source
spool-hdfs-agent.sources.spool-source.type = spooldir
spool-hdfs-agent.sources.spool-source.spoolDir = /home/hadoop/data/flume/spool/input

# Describe the sink
spool-hdfs-agent.sinks.hdfs-sink.type = hdfs
spool-hdfs-agent.sinks.hdfs-sink.hdfs.path = hdfs://hadoop001:9000/flume/spool/%Y%m%d%H%M
spool-hdfs-agent.sinks.hdfs-sink.hdfs.useLocalTimeStamp = true
spool-hdfs-agent.sinks.hdfs-sink.hdfs.fileType = CompressedStream 
spool-hdfs-agent.sinks.hdfs-sink.hdfs.writeFormat = Text
spool-hdfs-agent.sinks.hdfs-sink.hdfs.codeC = gzip
spool-hdfs-agent.sinks.hdfs-sink.hdfs.filePrefix = wsk
spool-hdfs-agent.sinks.hdfs-sink.hdfs.rollInterval = 30
spool-hdfs-agent.sinks.hdfs-sink.hdfs.rollSize = 100000000
spool-hdfs-agent.sinks.hdfs-sink.hdfs.rollCount = 0

# Use a channel which buffers events in memory
spool-hdfs-agent.channels.memory-channel.type = memory
spool-hdfs-agent.channels.memory-channel.capacity = 1000
spool-hdfs-agent.channels.memory-channel.transactionCapacity = 100

# Bind the source and sink to the channel
spool-hdfs-agent.sources.spool-source.channels = memory-channel
spool-hdfs-agent.sinks.hdfs-sink.channel = memory-channel

 

  

上述的Spooling Directory Source配置虽然解决了小文件过多以及监控多个文件的问题,但是依旧有如下问题。

  • 问题1:虽然能监控一个文件夹,但是无法监控递归的文件夹中的数据
  • 问题2:若采集时Flume挂了,无法保证重启时还从之前文件读取的那一行继续采集数据

基于以上两个问题,此凡是生产也是不可接受的

  • (生产版本)使用Taildir Source采集文件夹数据到hdfs

  1. Taildir Source 是Apache flume1.7新推出的,但是CDH Flume1.6做了集成
  2. Taildir Source是高可靠(reliable)的source,他会实时的将文件偏移量写到json文件中并保存到磁盘。下次重启Flume时会读取Json文件获取文件O偏移量,然后从之前的位置读取数据,保证数据零丢失
  3. taildir Source可同时监控多个文件夹以及文件。即使文件在实时写入数据。
  4. Taildir Source也是无法采集递归文件下的数据,这需要改造源码
  5. Taildir Source监控一个文件夹下的所有文件一定要用.*正则
# example.conf: A single-node Flume configuration

# Name the components on this agent
taildir-hdfs-agent.sources = taildir-source
taildir-hdfs-agent.sinks = hdfs-sink
taildir-hdfs-agent.channels = memory-channel

# Describe/configure the source
taildir-hdfs-agent.sources.taildir-source.type = TAILDIR
taildir-hdfs-agent.sources.taildir-source.filegroups = f1
taildir-hdfs-agent.sources.taildir-source.filegroups.f1 = /home/hadoop/data/flume/taildir/input/.*
taildir-hdfs-agent.sources.taildir-source.positionFile = /home/hadoop/data/flume/taildir/taildir_position/taildir_position.json

# Describe the sink
taildir-hdfs-agent.sinks.hdfs-sink.type = hdfs
taildir-hdfs-agent.sinks.hdfs-sink.hdfs.path = hdfs://hadoop001:9000/flume/taildir/%Y%m%d%H%M
taildir-hdfs-agent.sinks.hdfs-sink.hdfs.useLocalTimeStamp = true
taildir-hdfs-agent.sinks.hdfs-sink.hdfs.fileType = CompressedStream 
taildir-hdfs-agent.sinks.hdfs-sink.hdfs.writeFormat = Text
taildir-hdfs-agent.sinks.hdfs-sink.hdfs.codeC = gzip
taildir-hdfs-agent.sinks.hdfs-sink.hdfs.filePrefix = wsk
taildir-hdfs-agent.sinks.hdfs-sink.hdfs.rollInterval = 30
taildir-hdfs-agent.sinks.hdfs-sink.hdfs.rollSize = 100000000
taildir-hdfs-agent.sinks.hdfs-sink.hdfs.rollCount = 0

# Use a channel which buffers events in memory
taildir-hdfs-agent.channels.memory-channel.type = memory
taildir-hdfs-agent.channels.memory-channel.capacity = 1000
taildir-hdfs-agent.channels.memory-channel.transactionCapacity = 100

# Bind the source and sink to the channel
taildir-hdfs-agent.sources.taildir-source.channels = memory-channel
taildir-hdfs-agent.sinks.hdfs-sink.channel = memory-channel

  



原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/xuziyu/p/11004103.html