python

在python3中，configparser模块用于生成和修改常见配置文档，eg：mysql、apache虚拟主机等

  1 #!/usr/bin/env python
  2 #coding:utf-8
  3 
  4 print(''' 
  5      =========================
  6         configparser模块详解 
  7      =========================
  8     ''')
  9 
 10 '''
 11 configparser 模块用于生成和修改常见配置文档，eg：mysql、apache虚拟主机等
 12 '''
 13 
 14 print('''
 15      ============生成配置文件===========
 16 ''')
 17 
 18 import configparser
 19 
 20 config = configparser.ConfigParser()  #首先定义一个空的配置文件描述体
 21 config['DEFAULT'] = {
 22     'ServerAliveInterval':'50',   #在configparser模块生成配置文件时，值都是字符串(数字也要用引号)
 23     'Compression':'yes',
 24     'CompressionLevel':'7'
 25 }     #固定格式DEFAULT，定义全局变量(每个节点里面都有的，就可以写到这里，其他节点就不用写)
 26 
 27 config['bitbucket.org'] = {}   #定义一个新的空的节点['bitbucket.org']
 28 config['bitbucket.org']['User'] = 'hg'  #在['bitbucket.org']节点下添加 User = 'hg'这个键值对
 29 config['topsecret.server.com'] = {}
 30 topsecret = config['topsecret.server.com']
 31 topsecret['Host Port'] = '65511'    
 32 topsecret['ForwardX11'] = 'no' 
 33 config['DEFAULT']['ForwardX11'] = 'yes'
 34 with open('./file/example.ini', 'w') as configfile:
 35     config.write(configfile)
 36     
 37 print('生成的配置文件见./file/example.ini')
 38 
 39 print('''
 40      ============打印生成的配置文件===========
 41 ''')
 42 
 43 with open('./file/example.ini', 'r') as f:
 44     for line in f:       #迭代器的优势，节省内存
 45         print(line)
 46  
 47         
 48 print('''
 49      ============读取生成的配置文件的指定信息===========
 50 ''')
 51 import configparser 
 52 config = configparser.ConfigParser()
 53 print('执行config.sections()的结果:' ,config.sections())  
 54 print('bitbucket.org' in config)
 55 cr = config.read('./file/example.ini')  #把整个文件内容读入config
 56 print("config.read('./file/example.ini'):",cr)
 57 print('bitbucket.org' in config)
 58 print(config)
 59 for i in config:
 60     print(i)     #DEFAULT 、bitbucket.org 、topsecret.server.com
 61 print('执行config.sections()的结果:' ,config.sections())  
 62 print(config['bitbucket.org']['user'])   #hg
 63 print(config['bitbucket.org']['compressionlevel'])   # 7  (字符串)
 64 topsecret = config['topsecret.server.com']
 65 print(topsecret['host port']) 
 66 for i in topsecret:
 67     print(i)
 68 '''
 69 host port
 70 forwardx11
 71 serveraliveinterval
 72 compression
 73 compressionlevel
 74 
 75 '''
 76 
 77 
 78 print('''
 79      ============configparser增删改查语法===========
 80 ''')
 81 
 82 import configparser
 83 
 84 config = configparser.ConfigParser()
 85 config.read('./file/example.ini')
 86 
 87 # ########## 读 ##########
 88 secs = config.sections()
 89 print(secs)
 90 #options = config.options('DEFAULT') # DEFAULT节点不能直接读，要用config.dafaults()
 91 options = config.options('bitbucket.org') 
 92          # options()返回一个给定的名称的内容列表。
 93 print(options)
 94 p_DEFAULT = config.defaults()   # DEFAULT节点不能直接读，要用config.dafaults()
 95 print(p_DEFAULT)    # 返回有序字典
 96 #OrderedDict([('serveraliveinterval', '50'), ('compression', 'yes'), ('compressionlevel', '7'), ('forwardx11', 'yes')])
 97 
 98 item_list = config.items('bitbucket.org')
 99     #config.items() 把传入节点名的内容按(键，值)元祖的方式返回在列表中
100 print(item_list)
101     #[('serveraliveinterval', '50'), ('compression', 'yes'), ('compressionlevel', '7'), ('forwardx11', 'yes'), ('user', 'hg')]
102 
103 val1 = config.get('topsecret.server.com','compression')
104 print(val1)
105 val2 = config.getint('topsecret.server.com','compressionLevel')
106 print(val2)
107 
108 # ########## 改写 ##########
109 '''
110 config.remove_section('bitbucket.org') 删除指定节点(包括其内容)
111 config.has_section('xtsec')  判断配置文件中是否存在[xtsec]这个节点
112 config.add_section('xtsec')  往配置文件中添加[xtsec]这个节点
113 config.set('xtsec','port','65530') 往节点xtsec中内容添加 port=65531 ，若port存在，则将其值更新为'65530'(必须是字符串)
114 config.remove_option('xtsec','passwd')  删除指定节点中的指定内容
115 
116 注：在每次操作完成后，要重新写入文件以保存，否则更改无效
117 config.write(open('./file/example1.ini', "w"))
118  
119 '''
120 sec = config.remove_section('bitbucket.org')
121 config.write(open('./file/example1.ini', "w"))
122 
123 sec = config.has_section('xtsec')
124 #print(sec)  #False
125 sec = config.add_section('xtsec')
126 config.write(open('./file/example1.ini', "w"))
127 
128 config.set('xtsec','port','65531')  #不存在就添加，存在就更新
129 config.set('xtsec','user','root')
130 config.set('xtsec','passwd','123456')
131 config.write(open('./file/example1.ini', "w"))
132 '''
133 port = 65531
134 user = root
135 passwd = 123456
136 '''
137 
138 config.remove_option('xtsec','passwd')
139 config.write(open('./file/example1.ini', "w"))
140 '''
141 port = 65531
142 user = root
143 '''

上面用到的配置文件：

　　生成的文件：example.ini

 1 [DEFAULT]
 2 serveraliveinterval = 50
 3 compression = yes
 4 compressionlevel = 7
 5 forwardx11 = yes
 6 
 7 [bitbucket.org]
 8 user = hg
 9 
10 [topsecret.server.com]
11 host port = 65511
12 forwardx11 = no

example.ini

　　修改后的文件： example1.ini

 1 [DEFAULT]
 2 serveraliveinterval = 50
 3 compression = yes
 4 compressionlevel = 7
 5 forwardx11 = yes
 6 
 7 [topsecret.server.com]
 8 host port = 65511
 9 forwardx11 = no
10 
11 [xtsec]
12 port = 65531
13 user = root

example1.ini