在单链表和双链表中删除倒数第k个结点

题目:

分别实现两个函数,一个可以删除单链表中倒数第K个节点,另一个可以删除双链表中倒数第K个节点。

要求:

如果链表长度为N,时间复杂度达到O(N),额外空间复杂度达到O(1)。

解答:

让链表从头走到尾,每移动一步,就让K值减一,

示例:

第一种情况:

1

链表走到结尾时,如果K值大于0,说明不用调整链表,因为链表根本没有倒数第K个节点,此时将原链表直接返回即可;

第二种情况:

2

链表走到结尾时,如果K值等于0,说明链表倒数第K个节点就是头结点,此时直接返回head.next,相当于删除了头结点。

第三种情况:(当链表走到结尾时,当K的值小于零时,)

3

K< 0 时的处理方法:

11

链表长度为N,要删除倒数第K个节点,那么倒数第K个节点的前一个结点就是第N-K个节点。在第一次遍历之后,K的值变为了K-N。第二次遍历时,K的值不断加1.加到0就停止遍历,所在的位置就是第N-K个节点的位置。

public class Problem02_RemoveLastKthNode {
    
//    单链表
    public static class Node {
        public int value;
        public Node next;
        
       public Node (int data){
        this.value = data;
       }
    }
    
//    双链表
    public static class DoubleNode{
        public int value;
        public DoubleNode last;
        public DoubleNode next;
        
        public DoubleNode (int data) {
            this.value = data;
        }        
    }
    
//    删除单链表中倒数第K个结点
    /* 1. 异常情况考虑:---- 链表为空,K值<1, 返回头结点
     * 2. 其他(链表非空,K值>0) 策略:从头结点开始往后k--
     *   2.1. 到达链表尾部时(cur = null), k>0, 则不存在K结点;
     *   2.2. 到达链表尾部时(cur = null), k=0, 则头结点head就是K结点;
     *   2.3. 到达链表尾部时(cur = null), k<0, 则需要找到删除K结点的前一个结点;
     *        详情:
     *         重新从头结点开始,每移动一步,就让K值加1;
     *         当k=0时,移动停止,移动到的结点就是要删除的结点的前一个结点 
     */
    public static Node removeLastKthNode(Node head, int lastKth){        
        if (head == null || lastKth < 1){
            return head;            
        }
        Node cur = head;
        while(cur != null) {
            lastKth--;
            cur = cur.next;            
        }
        if (lastKth == 0){
            head = head.next;
        }
        if (lastKth < 0){
            cur = head;
            while( ++lastKth != 0){
                cur = cur.next;
            }
            cur.next = cur.next.next;
        }        
        return head;        
    }
    
//    删除双链表中倒数第K个结点(同单链表,注意last指针的重连即可)
    public static DoubleNode removeLastKthNode(DoubleNode head, int lastKth){
        if (head == null || lastKth < 1){
            return head;
        }
        DoubleNode cur = head;
        while(cur != null){
            lastKth--;
            cur = cur.next;
        }
        if(lastKth == 0){
            head = head.next;
            head.last = null;
        }
        if (lastKth < 0){
            cur = head;
            while(++lastKth != 0){
                cur = cur.next;            
            }
            DoubleNode newNext = cur.next.next;
            cur.next = newNext;
            if (newNext != null) {
                newNext.last = cur;                
            }
        }
        return head;
    }

    // 打印链表值函数
    public static void printLinkedList(Node head) {
        System.out.println("Linked list: ");
        while(head != null){
            System.out.println(head.value + " ");
            head = head.next;
        }
        System.out.println();
        
    }
    
    public static void printDoubleLinkedList(DoubleNode head){
        System.out.println("DoubleLinked list: ");
        DoubleNode end = null;
        while (head != null) {
            System.out.println(head.value + " ");
            end = head;
            head= head.next;
        }
        System.out.println("**********");
        while(end != null) {
            System.out.println(end.value + " ");
            end = end.last;
        }
        System.out.println();
    }
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Node head1 = new Node(1);
        head1.next = new Node(2);
        head1.next.next = new Node(3);
        head1.next.next.next = new Node(4);
        head1.next.next.next.next = new Node(5);
        head1.next.next.next.next.next = new Node(6);
        printLinkedList(head1);
        head1 = removeLastKthNode(head1, 3);
        // head1 = removeLastKthNode(head1, 6);
        // head1 = removeLastKthNode(head1, 7);
        printLinkedList(head1);

        DoubleNode head2 = new DoubleNode(1);
        head2.next = new DoubleNode(2);
        head2.next.last = head2;
        head2.next.next = new DoubleNode(3);
        head2.next.next.last = head2.next;
        head2.next.next.next = new DoubleNode(4);
        head2.next.next.next.last = head2.next.next;
        head2.next.next.next.next = new DoubleNode(5);
        head2.next.next.next.next.last = head2.next.next.next;
        head2.next.next.next.next.next = new DoubleNode(6);
        head2.next.next.next.next.next.last = head2.next.next.next.next;
        printDoubleLinkedList(head2);
        head2 = removeLastKthNode(head2, 3);
        // head2 = removeLastKthNode(head2, 6);
        // head2 = removeLastKthNode(head2, 7);
        printDoubleLinkedList(head2);
    }

}

结果:

Linked list: 
1 
2 
3 
4 
5 
6 

Linked list: 
1 
2 
3 
5 
6 

DoubleLinked list: 
1 
2 
3 
4 
5 
6 
**********
6 
5 
4 
3 
2 
1 

DoubleLinked list: 
1 
2 
3 
5 
6 
**********
6 
5 
3 
2 
1
原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/xiyuan2016/p/6860682.html