free查看内存和swap使用情况,增加、删除、自动挂载swap分区

free

[root@localhost ~]# free
              total        used        free      shared  buff/cache   available
Mem:         999936      142760      566536        6884      290640      672076
Swap:       2097148           0     2097148
[root@localhost ~]# free -h
              total        used        free      shared  buff/cache   available
Mem:           976M        139M        553M        6.7M        283M        656M
Swap:          2.0G          0B        2.0G
[root@localhost ~]# fdisk /dev/sdb
欢迎使用 fdisk (util-linux 2.23.2)。

更改将停留在内存中,直到您决定将更改写入磁盘。
使用写入命令前请三思。


命令(输入 m 获取帮助):m
命令操作
   a   toggle a bootable flag
   b   edit bsd disklabel
   c   toggle the dos compatibility flag
   d   delete a partition
   g   create a new empty GPT partition table
   G   create an IRIX (SGI) partition table
   l   list known partition types
   m   print this menu
   n   add a new partition
   o   create a new empty DOS partition table
   p   print the partition table
   q   quit without saving changes
   s   create a new empty Sun disklabel
   t   change a partition's system id
   u   change display/entry units
   v   verify the partition table
   w   write table to disk and exit
   x   extra functionality (experts only)

命令(输入 m 获取帮助):d  注释:删除现有分区给swap分区使用
分区号 (1,2,5,6,默认 6):
分区 6 已删除

命令(输入 m 获取帮助):n
Partition type:
   p   primary (1 primary, 1 extended, 2 free)
   l   logical (numbered from 5)
Select (default p): l
添加逻辑分区 6
起始 扇区 (6297600-10485759,默认为 6297600):
将使用默认值 6297600
Last 扇区, +扇区 or +size{K,M,G} (6297600-10485759,默认为 10485759):
将使用默认值 10485759
分区 6 已设置为 Linux 类型,大小设为 2 GiB

命令(输入 m 获取帮助):t  注释:改变分区系统id,swap是82
分区号 (1,2,5,6,默认 6):    
Hex 代码(输入 L 列出所有代码):82
已将分区“Linux”的类型更改为“Linux swap / Solaris”

命令(输入 m 获取帮助):p

磁盘 /dev/sdb:5368 MB, 5368709120 字节,10485760 个扇区
Units = 扇区 of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
扇区大小(逻辑/物理):512 字节 / 512 字节
I/O 大小(最小/最佳):512 字节 / 512 字节
磁盘标签类型:dos
磁盘标识符:0x0c3ac977

   设备 Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
/dev/sdb1            2048     2099199     1048576   83  Linux
/dev/sdb2         2099200    10485759     4193280    5  Extended
/dev/sdb5         2101248     6295551     2097152   83  Linux
/dev/sdb6         6297600    10485759     2094080   82  Linux swap / Solaris

  令(输入 m 获取帮助):w
▽he partition table has been altered!

Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.

WARNING: Re-reading the partition table failed with error 16: 设备或资源忙.
The kernel still uses the old table. The new table will be used at
the next reboot or after you run partprobe(8) or kpartx(8)
正在同步磁盘。
[root@localhost ~]# partprobe
Warning: 无法以读写方式打开 /dev/sr0 (只读文件系统)。/dev/sr0 已按照只读方式打开。
[root@localhost ~]# free
              total        used        free      shared  buff/cache   available
Mem:         999936      140624      560296        6884      299016      674220
Swap:       2097148           0     2097148
[root@localhost ~]# mkswap /dev/sdb6 
mkswap: error: /dev/sdb6 is mounted; will not make swapspace
[root@localhost ~]# umount /dev/sdb6  注释:格式化前需要先卸载分区
[root@localhost ~]# mkswap /dev/sdb6
mkswap: /dev/sdb6: warning: wiping old xfs signature.
正在设置交换空间版本 1,大小 = 2094076 KiB
无标签,UUID=a902382a-8368-48e9-89d8-faa1a965304f
[root@localhost ~]# free
              total        used        free      shared  buff/cache   available
Mem:         999936      140340      560924        6884      298672      674504
Swap:       2097148           0     2097148
[root@localhost ~]# swapon /dev/sdb6  注释:添加格式化后的swap分区
[root@localhost ~]# free
              total        used        free      shared  buff/cache   available
Mem:         999936      141700      559560        6884      298676      673144
Swap:       4191224           0     4191224
[root@localhost ~]# swapoff /dev/sdb6  注释:删除swap分区
[root@localhost ~]# free
              total        used        free      shared  buff/cache   available
Mem:         999936      140336      560928        6884      298672      674508
Swap:       2097148           0     2097148
                                                                                       
[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/fstab  注释:修改配置文件使用新添加的swap分区在系统每次启动时自动挂载

#
# /etc/fstab
# Created by anaconda on Wed Jul 19 23:22:45 2017
#
# Accessible filesystems, by reference, are maintained under '/dev/disk'
# See man pages fstab(5), findfs(8), mount(8) and/or blkid(8) for more info
#
UUID=70dade4c-e85f-4592-a133-26f1fb359801 /                       xfs     defaults        0 0
UUID=69ac3810-0e34-4475-9f67-d4cf500c7a98 /boot                   xfs     defaults        0 0
UUID=5554acf0-8374-48ee-893e-425523a8f958 /home                   xfs     defaults        0 0
UUID=5c5e4732-4d0d-4040-a26a-5b86ad2293b7 swap                    swap    defaults        0 0
UUID=e481f266-5f69-4db5-9b5c-0f731da57d21 /disk1                  ext4    defaults        0 0
/dev/sdb5                                 /disk5                  ext4    defaults        0 0
/dev/sdb6                                 swap                    swap    defaults        0 0
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"/etc/fstab" 15L, 767C 已写入                                                                                                     
[root@localhost ~]# mount -a  注释:这步很重要,可在系统重启前检测/etc/fstab文件是否写错,避免导致系统崩溃。
[root@localhost ~]#
原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/xiongjiawei/p/7295062.html