random模块

random 需要import

random.choice(seq)，可以是列表，字符串，元组

random.choice(string.ascii_lowercase)
>>'u'

random.choice('123')
>> '3'

random.choice([1,2,3])
>> 2

random.choices(string.ascii_lowercase, k=3)
>>['r', 'c', 'y']

random.randint(a,b) 返回a~b之间的整型数

random.randint(1,10)
>>5

random.randrange(a,b,c) 返回一个a~b，步长为c的数字

random.randrange(1,10,2)
>>3

random.sample(population, k) 返回一个无序的长度为k的list

1 random.sample(string.ascii_lowercase,k=4)
2 >>['n', 'p', 't', 'b']
3 
4 random.sample([1,2,3,4], 3)
5 >>[2, 1, 4]
6 
7 random.sample(string.ascii_lowercase,4)
8 >>['j', 'f', 'r', 'd']

random.shuffle(list)，将list乱序

a = [1,3,4,5,6]
random.shuffle(a)
a
>>[1, 6, 3, 4, 5]

例子：在文件中生成密码

 1 import string
 2 import random
 3 
 4 
 5 def create_pwd():
 6     password = ""
 7     temp_list = []
 8     t = random.randint(1, 3)
 9     temp1 = random.choices(string.ascii_lowercase, k=t)
10     temp2 = random.choices(string.ascii_uppercase, k=t)
11     temp3 = random.choices(string.digits, k=t)
12     temp4 = random.choices(string.punctuation, k=2)
13 #temp1 = random.sample(string.ascii_lowercase, k=t)代替
14     temp_list.extend(temp1)
15     temp_list.extend(temp2)
16     temp_list.extend(temp3)
17     temp_list.extend(temp4)
18     random.shuffle(temp_list)  # list乱序
19     for i in temp_list:
20         password += i
21     if len(password) < 6:
22         password = create_pwd()
23     return password
24 
25 
26 def count_pwd(num):
27     lines = []
28     while num > 0:
29         # with open('1.tx', 'a+', encoding='utf-8') as f:
30         line = create_pwd()
31         lines.append(line)
32         num -= 1
33     lines = list(set(lines)) #通过集合保存密码，并转化成list,便于去重一样的密码
34     if len(lines) < num:
35         temp_length = num - len(lines)
36         t = count_pwd(temp_length, lines)
37         lines.extend(t)
38     else:
39         return lines
40 
41 
42 if __name__ == "__main__":
43     num = int(input("请输入要产生的密码条数：").strip())
44     t = count_pwd(num)
45     with open('pwd.txt', 'a+', encoding='utf-8') as f:
46         for line in range(len(t)):
47             f.write(t[line] + '
')
48     with open('pwd.txt', 'r', encoding='utf-8') as f:
49         print(f.read())