https://blog.csdn.net/qq_30889373/article/details/102763057
https://www.cnblogs.com/cannel/p/11104195.html
官网：
https://dev.mysql.com/downloads/mysql/
wget https://cdn.mysql.com//Downloads/MySQL-5.7/mysql-5.7.34-1.el7.x86_64.rpm-bundle.tar
解压
tar xvf mysql-5.7.28-1.el7.x86_64.rpm-bundle.tar
安装依赖的程序包
yum install -y perl net-tools
卸载mariadb程序包
- Centos 捆绑了 mariadb-libs，所以必须先卸载
rpm -qa|grep mariadb rpm -e mariadb-libs-5.5.60-1.el7_5.x86_64 --nodeps
或者
yum -y remove mari*
yum search libaio yum install -y libaio.x86_64 yum install -y libaio-devel.x86_64
安装MySQL程序包
rpm -ivh mysql-community-common-5.7.34-1.el7.x86_64.rpm rpm -ivh mysql-community-libs-5.7.34-1.el7.x86_64.rpm rpm -ivh mysql-community-client-5.7.34-1.el7.x86_64.rpm rpm -ivh mysql-community-server-5.7.34-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
启动mysql
systemctl start mysqld.service
grep 'password' /var/log/mysqld.log
修改默认密码
ALTER USER 'root'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'Abc778899!';
允许远程使用root帐户
UPDATE user SET host = '%' WHERE user ='root';
FLUSH PRIVILEGES;
允许远程访问MySQL数据库（/etc/my.cnf）
character_set_server = utf8 bind-address = 0.0.0.0
开启防火墙3360端口
firewall-cmd --zone=public --add-port=3306/tcp --permanent firewall-cmd --reload
mysql 主
[mysqld]
datadir=/var/lib/mysql socket=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock character_set_server = utf8 bind-address = 0.0.0.0 collation-server = utf8_general_ci max_connections = 1024 gtid_mode = ON server_id = 1 log-bin = mysql-bin enforce_gtid_consistency = ON sql_mode=ONLY_FULL_GROUP_BY,STRICT_TRANS_TABLES,ERROR_FOR_DIVISION_BY_ZERO,NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION # Disabling symbolic-links is recommended to prevent assorted security risks symbolic-links=0 log-error=/var/log/mysqld.log pid-file=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid
mysql 从
[mysqld] datadir=/var/lib/mysql socket=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock character_set_server = utf8 bind-address = 0.0.0.0 collation-server = utf8_general_ci max_connections = 1024 gtid_mode = ON server_id = 2 log-bin = mysql-bin log_slave_updates = ON enforce_gtid_consistency = ON slave-parallel-type = LOGICAL_CLOCK slave-parallel-workers = 8 master-info-repository = TABLE relay-log-info-repository = TABLE sql_mode=ONLY_FULL_GROUP_BY,STRICT_TRANS_TABLES,ERROR_FOR_DIVISION_BY_ZERO,NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION # Disabling symbolic-links is recommended to prevent assorted security risks symbolic-links=0 log-error=/var/log/mysqld.log pid-file=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid
mysql 从
创建复制账户：
mysql> GRANT REPLICATION SLAVE ON *.* TO 'repl'@'192.168.0.%' IDENTIFIED BY 'repl123456';
配置复制连接：
mysql> CHANGE MASTER TO MASTER_HOST='192.168.0.215', MASTER_USER='repl', MASTER_PASSWORD='repl123456', MASTER_AUTO_POSITION=1;
启动复制线程：
mysql> start slave;
查看复制状态：
mysql> show slave statusG;
mysql> show processlist;
互为主从
mysql主配置文件
# For advice on how to change settings please see # http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/server-configuration-defaults.html [mysqld] # # Remove leading # and set to the amount of RAM for the most important data # cache in MySQL. Start at 70% of total RAM for dedicated server, else 10%. # innodb_buffer_pool_size = 128M # # Remove leading # to turn on a very important data integrity option: logging # changes to the binary log between backups. # log_bin # # Remove leading # to set options mainly useful for reporting servers. # The server defaults are faster for transactions and fast SELECTs. # Adjust sizes as needed, experiment to find the optimal values. # join_buffer_size = 128M # sort_buffer_size = 2M # read_rnd_buffer_size = 2M port=13306 datadir=/var/lib/mysql socket=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock skip_name_resolve = 1 # 只能用IP地址检查客户端的登录，不用主机名 character-set-server = utf8mb4 # 数据库默认字符集,主流字符集支持一些特殊表情符号（特殊表情符占用4个字节） transaction_isolation = READ-COMMITTED # 事务隔离级别，默认为可重复读，MySQL默认可重复读级别 collation-server = utf8mb4_general_ci # 数据库字符集对应一些排序等规则，注意要和character-set-server对应 init_connect='SET NAMES utf8mb4' # 设置client连接mysql时的字符集,防止乱码 lower_case_table_names = 1 # 是否对sql语句大小写敏感，1表示不敏感 max_connections = 1024 # 最大连接数 max_connect_errors = 1000 # 最大错误连接数 explicit_defaults_for_timestamp = true # TIMESTAMP如果没有显示声明NOT NULL，允许NULL值 max_allowed_packet = 128M # SQL数据包发送的大小，如果有BLOB对象建议修改成1G interactive_timeout = 1800 # MySQL连接闲置超过一定时间后(单位：秒)将会被强行关闭 wait_timeout = 1800 # MySQL默认的wait_timeout值为8个小时, interactive_timeout参数需要同时配置才能生效 tmp_table_size = 16M # 内部内存临时表的最大值 ，设置成128M；比如大数据量的group by ,order by时可能用到临时表；超过了这个值将写入磁盘，系统IO压力增大 max_heap_table_size = 128M # 定义了用户可以创建的内存表(memory table)的大小 query_cache_size = 0 # 禁用mysql的缓存查询结果集功能；后期根据业务情况测试决定是否开启；大部分情况下关闭下面两项 query_cache_type = 0 skip-name-resolve sql_mode=STRICT_TRANS_TABLES,NO_ZERO_IN_DATE,NO_ZERO_DATE,ERROR_FOR_DIVISION_BY_ZERO,NO_AUTO_CREATE_USER,NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION # 用户进程分配到的内存设置，每个session将会分配参数设置的内存大小 read_buffer_size = 2M # MySQL读入缓冲区大小。对表进行顺序扫描的请求将分配一个读入缓冲区，MySQL会为它分配一段内存缓冲区。 read_rnd_buffer_size = 8M # MySQL的随机读缓冲区大小 sort_buffer_size = 8M # MySQL执行排序使用的缓冲大小 binlog_cache_size = 1M # 一个事务，在没有提交的时候，产生的日志，记录到Cache中；等到事务提交需要提交的时候，则把日志持久化到磁盘。默认binlog_cache_size大小32K back_log = 130 # 在MySQL暂时停止响应新请求之前的短时间内多少个请求可以被存在堆栈中；官方建议back_log = 50 + (max_connections / 5),封顶数为900 # Disabling symbolic-links is recommended to prevent assorted security risks symbolic-links=0 log-error=/var/log/mysqld.log pid-file=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid slow_query_log = 1 # 慢查询sql日志设置 long_query_time = 1 # 慢查询时间；超过1秒则为慢查询 slow_query_log_file = /var/log/slow.log # 慢查询日志文件 log_queries_not_using_indexes = 1 # 检查未使用到索引的sql log_throttle_queries_not_using_indexes = 5 # 用来表示每分钟允许记录到slow log的且未使用索引的SQL语句次数。该值默认为0，表示没有限制 min_examined_row_limit = 100 # 检索的行数必须达到此值才可被记为慢查询，查询检查返回少于该参数指定行的SQL不被记录到慢查询日志 expire_logs_days = 15 # MySQL binlog日志文件保存的过期时间，过期后自动删除 # Innodb设置 innodb_open_files = 500 # 限制Innodb能打开的表的数据，如果库里的表特别多的情况，请增加这个。这个值默认是300 innodb_buffer_pool_size = 64M # InnoDB使用一个缓冲池来保存索引和原始数据，一般设置物理存储的60% ~ 70%；这里你设置越大,你在存取表里面数据时所需要的磁盘I/O越少 innodb_log_buffer_size = 2M # 此参数确定写日志文件所用的内存大小，以M为单位。缓冲区更大能提高性能，但意外的故障将会丢失数据。MySQL开发人员建议设置为1－8M之间 innodb_flush_method = O_DIRECT # O_DIRECT减少操作系统级别VFS的缓存和Innodb本身的buffer缓存之间的冲突 innodb_write_io_threads = 4 # CPU多核处理能力设置，根据读，写比例进行调整 innodb_read_io_threads = 4 innodb_lock_wait_timeout = 120 # InnoDB事务在被回滚之前可以等待一个锁定的超时秒数。InnoDB在它自己的锁定表中自动检测事务死锁并且回滚事务。InnoDB用LOCK TABLES语句注意到锁定设置。默认值是50秒 innodb_log_file_size = 32M # 此参数确定数据日志文件的大小，更大的设置可以提高性能，但也会增加恢复故障数据库所需的时间 #主从复制 gtid_mode = ON server_id = 1 log-bin = mysql-bin enforce_gtid_consistency = ON log_slave_updates = ON slave-parallel-type = LOGICAL_CLOCK slave-parallel-workers = 8 master-info-repository = TABLE relay-log-info-repository = TABLE
创建复制账户：
mysql> GRANT REPLICATION SLAVE ON *.* TO 'repl'@'192.168.0.%' IDENTIFIED BY 'repl123456';
mysql从配置文件
# For advice on how to change settings please see # http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/server-configuration-defaults.html [mysqld] # # Remove leading # and set to the amount of RAM for the most important data # cache in MySQL. Start at 70% of total RAM for dedicated server, else 10%. # innodb_buffer_pool_size = 128M # # Remove leading # to turn on a very important data integrity option: logging # changes to the binary log between backups. # log_bin # # Remove leading # to set options mainly useful for reporting servers. # The server defaults are faster for transactions and fast SELECTs. # Adjust sizes as needed, experiment to find the optimal values. # join_buffer_size = 128M # sort_buffer_size = 2M # read_rnd_buffer_size = 2M port=13306 datadir=/var/lib/mysql socket=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock skip_name_resolve = 1 # 只能用IP地址检查客户端的登录，不用主机名 character-set-server = utf8mb4 # 数据库默认字符集,主流字符集支持一些特殊表情符号（特殊表情符占用4个字节） transaction_isolation = READ-COMMITTED # 事务隔离级别，默认为可重复读，MySQL默认可重复读级别 collation-server = utf8mb4_general_ci # 数据库字符集对应一些排序等规则，注意要和character-set-server对应 init_connect='SET NAMES utf8mb4' # 设置client连接mysql时的字符集,防止乱码 lower_case_table_names = 1 # 是否对sql语句大小写敏感，1表示不敏感 max_connections = 1024 # 最大连接数 max_connect_errors = 1000 # 最大错误连接数 explicit_defaults_for_timestamp = true # TIMESTAMP如果没有显示声明NOT NULL，允许NULL值 max_allowed_packet = 128M # SQL数据包发送的大小，如果有BLOB对象建议修改成1G interactive_timeout = 1800 # MySQL连接闲置超过一定时间后(单位：秒)将会被强行关闭 wait_timeout = 1800 # MySQL默认的wait_timeout值为8个小时, interactive_timeout参数需要同时配置才能生效 tmp_table_size = 16M # 内部内存临时表的最大值 ，设置成128M；比如大数据量的group by ,order by时可能用到临时表；超过了这个值将写入磁盘，系统IO压力增大 max_heap_table_size = 128M # 定义了用户可以创建的内存表(memory table)的大小 query_cache_size = 0 # 禁用mysql的缓存查询结果集功能；后期根据业务情况测试决定是否开启；大部分情况下关闭下面两项 query_cache_type = 0 skip-name-resolve sql_mode=STRICT_TRANS_TABLES,NO_ZERO_IN_DATE,NO_ZERO_DATE,ERROR_FOR_DIVISION_BY_ZERO,NO_AUTO_CREATE_USER,NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION # 用户进程分配到的内存设置，每个session将会分配参数设置的内存大小 read_buffer_size = 2M # MySQL读入缓冲区大小。对表进行顺序扫描的请求将分配一个读入缓冲区，MySQL会为它分配一段内存缓冲区。 read_rnd_buffer_size = 8M # MySQL的随机读缓冲区大小 sort_buffer_size = 8M # MySQL执行排序使用的缓冲大小 binlog_cache_size = 1M # 一个事务，在没有提交的时候，产生的日志，记录到Cache中；等到事务提交需要提交的时候，则把日志持久化到磁盘。默认binlog_cache_size大小32K back_log = 130 # 在MySQL暂时停止响应新请求之前的短时间内多少个请求可以被存在堆栈中；官方建议back_log = 50 + (max_connections / 5),封顶数为900 # Disabling symbolic-links is recommended to prevent assorted security risks symbolic-links=0 log-error=/var/log/mysqld.log pid-file=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid slow_query_log = 1 # 慢查询sql日志设置 long_query_time = 1 # 慢查询时间；超过1秒则为慢查询 slow_query_log_file = /var/log/slow.log # 慢查询日志文件 log_queries_not_using_indexes = 1 # 检查未使用到索引的sql log_throttle_queries_not_using_indexes = 5 # 用来表示每分钟允许记录到slow log的且未使用索引的SQL语句次数。该值默认为0，表示没有限制 min_examined_row_limit = 100 # 检索的行数必须达到此值才可被记为慢查询，查询检查返回少于该参数指定行的SQL不被记录到慢查询日志 expire_logs_days = 15 # MySQL binlog日志文件保存的过期时间，过期后自动删除 # Innodb设置 innodb_open_files = 500 # 限制Innodb能打开的表的数据，如果库里的表特别多的情况，请增加这个。这个值默认是300 innodb_buffer_pool_size = 64M # InnoDB使用一个缓冲池来保存索引和原始数据，一般设置物理存储的60% ~ 70%；这里你设置越大,你在存取表里面数据时所需要的磁盘I/O越少 innodb_log_buffer_size = 2M # 此参数确定写日志文件所用的内存大小，以M为单位。缓冲区更大能提高性能，但意外的故障将会丢失数据。MySQL开发人员建议设置为1－8M之间 innodb_flush_method = O_DIRECT # O_DIRECT减少操作系统级别VFS的缓存和Innodb本身的buffer缓存之间的冲突 innodb_write_io_threads = 4 # CPU多核处理能力设置，根据读，写比例进行调整 innodb_read_io_threads = 4 innodb_lock_wait_timeout = 120 # InnoDB事务在被回滚之前可以等待一个锁定的超时秒数。InnoDB在它自己的锁定表中自动检测事务死锁并且回滚事务。InnoDB用LOCK TABLES语句注意到锁定设置。默认值是50秒 innodb_log_file_size = 32M # 此参数确定数据日志文件的大小，更大的设置可以提高性能，但也会增加恢复故障数据库所需的时间 #主从复制 gtid_mode = ON server_id = 2 log-bin = mysql-bin log_slave_updates = ON enforce_gtid_consistency = ON slave-parallel-type = LOGICAL_CLOCK slave-parallel-workers = 8 master-info-repository = TABLE relay-log-info-repository = TABLE
创建复制账户：
mysql> GRANT REPLICATION SLAVE ON *.* TO 'repl'@'192.168.0.%' IDENTIFIED BY 'repl123456';
配置复制连接
从上
mysql> CHANGE MASTER TO MASTER_HOST='10.156.163.235', MASTER_USER='repl', MASTER_PASSWORD='repl123456', MASTER_PORT=13306 MASTER_AUTO_POSITION=1;
主上
mysql> CHANGE MASTER TO MASTER_HOST='10.156.163.234', MASTER_USER='repl', MASTER_PASSWORD='repl123456', MASTER_PORT=13306 MASTER_AUTO_POSITION=1;
互为主从 不能同时写。主主的配置多一个主键自增步长
主
log_slave_updates = ON
auto_increment_increment=2
auto_increment_offset=1
从
auto_increment_increment=2
auto_increment_offset=1
主上
yum install keepalived -y
vim /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf
! Configuration File for keepalived global_defs { notification_email { acassen@firewall.loc failover@firewall.loc sysadmin@firewall.loc } notification_email_from Alexandre.Cassen@firewall.loc smtp_server 192.168.200.1 smtp_connect_timeout 30 router_id MYSQL-1 } vrrp_script check_run { script "/etc/keepalived/mysql.sh" interval 60 } vrrp_instance VI_1 { state SLAVE interface ens192 virtual_router_id 51 priority 90 advert_int 1 nopreempt authentication { auth_type PASS auth_pass 1111 } track_script { check_run } unicast_src_ip 10.156.163.235 unicast_peer { 10.156.163.234 } virtual_ipaddress { 10.156.163.236 } } virtual_server 10.156.163.236 13306 { delay_loop 2 persistence_timeout 50 protocol TCP real_server 10.156.163.235 13306 # real_server 10.156.163.234 13306 { # weight 1 # notify_down /usr/local/bin/keepalived/etc/mysql.sh # TCP_CHECK { # connect_timeout 3 # nb_get_retry 3 # delay_before_retry 3 # connect_port 3306 # } # } }
从上的keepalived配置文件
! Configuration File for keepalived global_defs { notification_email { acassen@firewall.loc failover@firewall.loc sysadmin@firewall.loc } notification_email_from Alexandre.Cassen@firewall.loc smtp_server 192.168.200.1 smtp_connect_timeout 30 router_id MYSQL-2 } vrrp_script check_run { script "/etc/keepalived/mysql.sh" interval 60 } vrrp_instance VI_1 { state SLAVE interface ens192 virtual_router_id 51 priority 90 advert_int 1 nopreempt authentication { auth_type PASS auth_pass 1111 } track_script { check_run } unicast_src_ip 10.156.163.234 unicast_peer { 10.156.163.235 } virtual_ipaddress { 10.156.163.236 } } virtual_server 10.156.163.236 13306 { delay_loop 2 persistence_timeout 50 protocol TCP real_server 10.156.163.234 13306 # real_server 10.156.163.235 13306 { # weight 1 # notify_down /usr/local/bin/keepalived/etc/mysql.sh # TCP_CHECK { # connect_timeout 3 # nb_get_retry 3 # delay_before_retry 3 # connect_port 3306 # } # } }
主从都做
mysql检测脚本
#!/bin/sh counter=$(netstat -tunlp |grep 13306|wc -l) if [ "${counter}" = "0" ]; then /usr/bin/systemctl stop keepalived fi
keepalived检测脚本
vim /opt/check_keepalived.sh
#!/bin/bash counter=$(ps -ef|grep keepalived|wc -l) counter1=$(netstat -tunlp |grep 13306 |wc -l) if [ "${counter}" = "1" ] && [ "${counter1}" = "1" ]; then sleep 5 /usr/bin/systemctl start keepalived fi
写入crontab
vim /etc/crontab
SHELL=/bin/bash PATH=/sbin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin MAILTO=root # For details see man 4 crontabs # Example of job definition: # .---------------- minute (0 - 59) # | .------------- hour (0 - 23) # | | .---------- day of month (1 - 31) # | | | .------- month (1 - 12) OR jan,feb,mar,apr ... # | | | | .---- day of week (0 - 6) (Sunday=0 or 7) OR sun,mon,tue,wed,thu,fri,sat # | | | | | # * * * * * user-name command to be executed */1 * * * * /opt/check_keepalived.sh