自动化进阶

一、python邮件发送

import smtplib  # 发送邮件模块
from email.mime.text import MIMEText  # 定义邮件内容
from email.header import Header  # 定义邮件标题

# 发送邮箱服务器
smtpserver = "smtp.163.com"

# 发送邮箱用户名密码
username = "n18604459833@163.com"
password = "123456"

# 发送和接收邮箱
sender = "n18604459833@163.com"
receive = "li17802929732@126.com"

#发送邮件主题和内容
subject = "Web Selenium 自动化测试报告"
content = '<html><h1 style="color:red">我要自学网,自学成才</h1></html>'

#HTML邮件正文
msg = MIMEText(content, 'html', 'utf-8')
msg['Subject'] = Header(subject, 'utf-8')
msg['From'] = 'n18604459833@163.com'
msg['To'] = 'li17802929732@126.com'

#SSL协议端口使用465
smtp = smtplib.SMTP_SSL(smtpserver, 465)
#向服务器标适识用户身份
smtp.helo(smtpserver)
#服务器返回结果确认
smtp.ehlo(smtpserver)
#登录邮箱服务器用户名和密码
smtp.login(username, password)

print("Start send Email...")
smtp.sendmail(sender, receive, msg.as_string())
smtp.quit()
print("Send Email end")

二、邮件同时发送给多人

import smtplib  # 发送邮件模块
from email.mime.text import MIMEText  # 定义邮件内容
from email.header import Header  # 定义邮件标题

# 发送邮箱服务器
smtpserver = "smtp.163.com"

# 发送邮箱用户名密码
username = ''
password = ''

# 发送和接收邮箱
sender = ''
receives = ['', '']

# 发送邮件主题和内容
subject = "Web Selenium 自动化测试报告"
content = '<html><h1 style="color:red">我要自学网,自学成才</h1></html>'

# HTML邮件正文
msg = MIMEText(content, 'html', 'utf-8')
msg['Subject'] = Header(subject, 'utf-8')
msg['From'] = sender
msg['To'] = '.'.join(receives)

# SSL协议端口使用465
smtp = smtplib.SMTP_SSL(smtpserver, 465)
# 向服务器标适识用户身份
smtp.helo(smtpserver)
# 服务器返回结果确认
smtp.ehlo(smtpserver)
# 登录邮箱服务器用户名和密码
smtp.login(username, password)

print("Start send Email...")
smtp.sendmail(sender, receives, msg.as_string())
smtp.quit()
print("Send Email end")

三、发送带附件的邮件

'''
发送logo.png图片文件到指定到邮箱
'''

import smtplib  # 发送邮件模块
from email.mime.text import MIMEText  # 定义邮件内容
from email.mime.multipart import MIMEMultipart  # 用于传送附件

# 发送邮箱服务器
smtpserver = "smtp.163.com"

# 发送邮箱用户名密码
username = ''
password = ''

# 发送和接收邮箱
sender = ''
receives = ['', '']

# 发送邮件主题和内容
subject = "Web Selenium 自动化测试报告"
content = '<html><h1 style="color:red">我要自学网,自学成才</h1></html>'

# 构造附件内容
send_file = open(r'E:pythonlogo.png', 'rb').read()

att = MIMEText(send_file, 'base64', 'utf-8')
att['Content-Type'] = 'application/octet-stream'
att['Content-Disposition'] = 'attachment;filename="logo.png"'

# 构建发送和接收信息
msgRoot = MIMEMultipart()
msgRoot.attach(MIMEText(content, 'html', 'utf-8'))
msgRoot['Subject'] = subject
msgRoot['From'] = sender
msgRoot['To'] = ','.join(receives)
msgRoot.attach(att)

# SSL协议端口使用465
smtp = smtplib.SMTP_SSL(smtpserver, 465)
# 向服务器标适识用户身份
smtp.helo(smtpserver)
# 服务器返回结果确认
smtp.ehlo(smtpserver)
# 登录邮箱服务器用户名和密码
smtp.login(username, password)

print("Start send Email...")
smtp.sendmail(sender, receives, msgRoot.as_string())
smtp.quit()
print("Send Email end")

四、整合测试报告发送

1、获取某目录下最新的测试报告

'''
获取某目录下最新的测试报告
'''

import os  # 用于访问操作系统功能的模块

# 报告存放位置
report_dir = './test_report'

lists = os.listdir(report_dir)  # 方法用于返回指定的文件夹包含的文件或文件夹的名字列表
print(lists)

# 按时间顺序对该目录文件夹下面的文件进行排序
lists.sort(key=lambda fn: os.path.getatime(report_dir + '\' + fn))

print("the latest report is " + lists[-1])

# 输出最新报告的文件
file = os.path.join(report_dir, lists[-1])
print(file)

 2、整合测试报告发送

import unittest
from BSTestRunner import BSTestRunner
import time
import smtplib  # 发送邮件模块
from email.mime.text import MIMEText  # 定义邮件内容
from email.header import Header  # 定义邮件标题
import os


def send_mail(latest_report):
    f = open(latest_report, 'rb')
    mail_content = f.read()
    f.close()

    # 发送邮箱服务器
    smtpserver = "smtp.163.com"

    # 发送邮箱用户名密码
    username = ''
    password = ''

    # 发送和接收邮箱
    sender = ''
    receives = ['', '']

    # 发送邮件主题和内容
    subject = "Web Selenium 自动化测试报告"
    # content = '<html><h1 style="color:red">我要自学网,自学成才</h1></html>'

    # HTML邮件正文
    msg = MIMEText(mail_content, 'html', 'utf-8')
    msg['Subject'] = Header(subject, 'utf-8')
    msg['From'] = sender
    msg['To'] = '.'.join(receives)

    # SSL协议端口使用465
    smtp = smtplib.SMTP_SSL(smtpserver, 465)
    # 向服务器标适识用户身份
    smtp.helo(smtpserver)
    # 服务器返回结果确认
    smtp.ehlo(smtpserver)
    # 登录邮箱服务器用户名和密码
    smtp.login(username, password)

    print("Start send Email...")
    smtp.sendmail(sender, receives, msg.as_string())
    smtp.quit()
    print("Send Email end")


def latest_report(report_dir):
    lists = os.listdir(report_dir)  # 方法用于返回指定的文件夹包含的文件或文件夹的名字列表
    print(lists)

    # 按时间顺序对该目录文件夹下面的文件进行排序
    lists.sort(key=lambda fn: os.path.getatime(report_dir + '\' + fn))

    print("the latest report is " + lists[-1])

    # 输出最新报告的文件
    file = os.path.join(report_dir, lists[-1])
    print(file)
    return file


if __name__ == '__main__':
    # 存放报告的文件夹
    report_dir = './test_report'
    # 定义测试用例路径
    test_dir = './test_case'

    discovery = unittest.defaultTestLoader.discover(test_dir, pattern="test*.py")

    # 报告命名时间格式化
    now = time.strftime("%Y-%m-%d %H_%M_%S")
    # 报告文件完整路径
    report_name = report_dir + '/' + now + 'result.html'

    # 打开文件在报告文件写入测试结果
    with open(report_name, "wb") as f:
        runner = BSTestRunner(stream=f, title="Test Report", description="Test Case Result")
        runner.run(discovery)

    latest_report=latest_report(report_dir)
    send_mail(latest_report)

五、补充知识点

1、By方式定位元素

from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By
from time import sleep

driver = webdriver.Firefox()
driver.get("http://www.baidu.com")
driver.implicitly_wait(5)

driver.find_element(By.ID, "kw").clear()
driver.find_element(By.NAME, 'wd').send_keys("selenium")
driver.find_element(By.CLASS_NAME, 's_ipt').send_keys("自学网")
driver.find_element(By.CSS_SELECTOR, '#kw').send_keys("python")
sleep(3)

driver.find_element(By.ID, 'su').click()
sleep(2)

driver.quit()

2、方法参数的个数

def fun_args1(args):
    print("args is %s" % args)


def fun_args2(args1, args2):
    print("args1 is %s args2 is %s" % (args1, args2))


# 可变参数
def fun_var_args(*args):
    for value in args:
        print("args : %s" % value)
    print("================")


if __name__ == '__main__':
    fun_args1('zxw')
    fun_args2('test', 'jiayou')
    print("-------------------")
    fun_var_args()
    fun_var_args("zxw")
    fun_var_args('zxw', 'test', 'jiayou')

六、自动化测试设计模式Page Object
Page Object是Selenium自动化测试项目开发实践的最佳设计模式之一，通过对界面元素和功能模块的封装减少冗余代码，同时在后期维护中，若元素定位或功能模块发生变化，只需要调整页面或功能模块封装的代码，提高测试用例的可维护性。

base_page.py

from time import sleep

'''页面基础类'''


class Page():
    # 初始化
    def __init__(self, driver):
        self.driver = driver
        self.base_url = 'http://localhost'
        self.timeout = 10

    # 打开不同的子页面
    def _open(self, url):
        url_ = self.base_url + url
        print("Test page is %s" % url_)
        self.driver.maximize_window()
        self.driver.get(url_)
        sleep(2)
        assert self.driver.current_url == url_, 'Did not land on %s' % url_

    def open(self):
        self._open(self.url)

    # 元素定位方法封装
    def find_element(self, *loc):
        return self.driver.find_element(*loc)

login_page.py

from base_page import *
from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By


class LoginPage(Page):
    '''首页登录页面'''

    url = '/'

    # 定位器
    username_loc = (By.NAME, 'username')
    password_loc = (By.NAME, 'password')
    submit_loc = (By.NAME, 'Submit')

    # 用户名输入框元素
    def type_username(self, username):
        self.find_element(*self.username_loc).clear()
        self.find_element(*self.username_loc).send_keys(username)

    # 密码输入框元素
    def type_password(self, password):
        self.find_element(*self.password_loc).clear()
        self.find_element(*self.password_loc).send_keys(password)

    # 登录按钮元素
    def type_submit(self):
        self.find_element(*self.submit_loc).click()


# 登录功能模块封装
def test_user_login(driver, username, password):
    '''测试用户名密码是否可以登录'''
    login_page = LoginPage(driver)
    login_page.open()

    login_page.type_username(username)
    login_page.type_password(password)
    login_page.type_submit()

test_login.py

from login_page import *
from selenium import webdriver

driver = webdriver.Firefox()

username = 'zxw'
password = '123456'

if __name__ == '__main__':
    test_user_login(driver, username, password)
    sleep(2)
    driver.quit()

七、自动化测试综合实战

项目背景：新闻子页面进行登录测试
功能实现：
自动运行用例
自动生成测试报告
自动断言与截图
自动将最新测试报告发送到指定邮箱
PageObject+Unittest

 代码组织结构如下： 

 driver.py

from selenium import webdriver


def browser():
    driver = webdriver.Firefox()
    # driver = webdriver.Chrome()
    # driver = webdriver.Ie()
    driver = webdriver.IeOptions()

    # driver.get("http://www.baidu.com")

    return driver

 function.py

from selenium import webdriver
import os
import smtplib  # 发送邮件模块
from email.mime.text import MIMEText  # 定义邮件内容
from email.header import Header  # 定义邮件标题


def insert_img(driver, filename):
    func_path = os.path.dirname(__file__)
    print(func_path)

    base_dir = os.path.dirname(func_path)
    print(base_dir)

    base_dir = str(base_dir)
    # 绝对路径转换为相对路径
    dir = base_dir.replace('\', '/')
    print(dir)

    base = dir.split('/website')
    print(base)

    filepath = base + '/website/test_report/screenshot/' + filename
    driver.get_screenshot_as_file(filepath)


def send_mail(latest_report):
    f = open(latest_report, 'rb')
    mail_content = f.read()
    f.close()

    # 发送邮箱服务器
    smtpserver = "smtp.163.com"

    # 发送邮箱用户名密码
    username = ''
    password = ''

    # 发送和接收邮箱
    sender = ''
    receives = ['', '']

    # 发送邮件主题和内容
    subject = "Web Selenium 自动化测试报告"
    # content = '<html><h1 style="color:red">我要自学网,自学成才</h1></html>'

    # HTML邮件正文
    msg = MIMEText(mail_content, 'html', 'utf-8')
    msg['Subject'] = Header(subject, 'utf-8')
    msg['From'] = sender
    msg['To'] = '.'.join(receives)

    # SSL协议端口使用465
    smtp = smtplib.SMTP_SSL(smtpserver, 465)
    # 向服务器标适识用户身份
    smtp.helo(smtpserver)
    # 服务器返回结果确认
    smtp.ehlo(smtpserver)
    # 登录邮箱服务器用户名和密码
    smtp.login(username, password)

    print("Start send Email...")
    smtp.sendmail(sender, receives, msg.as_string())
    smtp.quit()
    print("Send Email end")


def latest_report(report_dir):
    lists = os.listdir(report_dir)  # 方法用于返回指定的文件夹包含的文件或文件夹的名字列表
    print(lists)

    # 按时间顺序对该目录文件夹下面的文件进行排序
    lists.sort(key=lambda fn: os.path.getatime(report_dir + '\' + fn))

    print("the latest report is " + lists[-1])

    # 输出最新报告的文件
    file = os.path.join(report_dir, lists[-1])
    print(file)
    return file


if __name__ == '__main__':
    driver = webdriver.Firefox()
    driver.get("http://www.sogou.com")
    insert_img(driver, 'sougou.jpg')
    driver.quit()

 myunit.py

import unittest
from driver import *


class StartEnd(unittest.TestCase):
    def setUp(self):
        self.driver = browser()
        self.driver.implicitly_wait(10)
        self.driver.maximize_window()

    def tearDown(self):
        self.driver.quit()

 base_page.py

from time import sleep

'''页面基础类'''


class Page():
    # 初始化
    def __init__(self, driver):
        self.driver = driver
        self.base_url = 'http://localhost'
        self.timeout = 10

    # 打开不同的子页面
    def _open(self, url):
        url_ = self.base_url + url
        print("Test page is %s" % url_)
        self.driver.maximize_window()
        self.driver.get(url_)
        sleep(2)
        assert self.driver.current_url == url_, 'Did not land on %s' % url_

    def open(self):
        self._open(self.url)

    # 元素定位方法封装
    def find_element(self, *loc):
        return self.driver.find_element(*loc)

 login_page.py

from base_page import *
from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By


class LoginPage(Page):
    '''首页登录页面'''

    url = '/news/'

    # 定位器
    username_loc = (By.NAME, 'username')
    password_loc = (By.NAME, 'password')
    submit_loc = (By.NAME, 'Submit')

    # 用户名输入框元素
    def type_username(self, username):
        self.find_element(*self.username_loc).clear()
        self.find_element(*self.username_loc).send_keys(username)

    # 密码输入框元素
    def type_password(self, password):
        self.find_element(*self.password_loc).clear()
        self.find_element(*self.password_loc).send_keys(password)

    # 登录按钮元素
    def type_submit(self):
        self.find_element(*self.submit_loc).click()

    # 登录功能模块封装
    def login_action(self, username, password):
        self.open()
        self.type_username(username)
        self.type_password(password)
        self.type_submit()

    # 断言元素定位
    login_pass_loc = (By.LINK_TEXT, '我的空间')
    login_fail_loc = (By.NAME, 'username')

    def type_login_pass_hint(self):
        return self.find_element(*self.login_pass_loc).text

    def type_login_fail_hint(self):
        return self.find_element(*self.login_fail_loc).text

 test_login.py

import unittest
from model import function, myunit
from page_object.login_page import *
from time import sleep

'''
unittest组织测试用例
1、用户名密码正确点击登录
2、用户名正确，密码错误点击登录
3、用户名和密码为空点击登录
'''


class LoginTest(myunit.StartEnd):
    @unittest.skip("skip normal login")
    def test_login1_normal(self):
        '''username and password is normal'''
        print("test_login_normal is start test...")
        po = LoginPage(self.driver)
        po.login_action('zxw', '123456')
        sleep(2)

        self.assertEqual(po.type_login_pass_hint(), "我的空间")
        function.insert_img(self.driver, "zxw_login1_normal.jpg")
        print("test_login1_normal test end")

    def test_login2_password_error(self):
        '''username is ok,password is error'''
        print("test_login2_password_error is start test...")
        po = LoginPage(self.driver)
        po.login_action('zxw', '666')
        sleep(2)

        self.assertEqual(po.type_login_fail_hint(), '')
        function.insert_img(self.driver, 'test_login2_password_error.jpg')

    def test_login3_empty(self):
        '''username and password is empty'''
        print('test_login3_empty is start test...')
        po = LoginPage(self.driver)
        po.login_action('', '')
        sleep(2)

        self.assertEqual(po.type_login_fail_hint(), '')
        function.insert_img(self.driver, 'test_login3_empty.jpg')
        print("test_login3_empty test end")


if __name__ == '__main__':
    unittest.main()

 run_test.py

import unittest
from function import *
from BSTestRunner import BSTestRunner
import time

report_dir = './test_report'
test_dir = './test_case'

print("start run test case")
discover = unittest.defaultTestLoader.discover(test_dir, pattern="test_login.py")

now = time.strftime('%Y-%m-%d %H_%M_%S')
report_name = report_dir + '/' + now + 'result.html'

print('start write report...')
with open(report_name, 'wb') as f:
    runner = BSTestRunner(stream=f, title='Test Report', description='localhost login test')
    runner.run(discover)

print('find latest report')
latest_report = latest_report(report_dir)

print("send email report...")
send_mail(latest_report)

print("Test end")
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原文地址：https://www.cnblogs.com/xidian2014/p/10425002.html