写了一个 图书馆 程序，可序列化，实现图书的增、删、借、还：
#coding=gbk ''' 1、重新写了一个图书馆程序 2、Library 图书馆 Book书 CommandList命令 ''' import pickle as p import os import traceback from datetime import datetime #图书馆类，管理图书的增、查、借阅、归还 class Library(): def __init__(self,name,location): self.__name=name self.__location=location self.__booklist=[] self.__borrowlist=[] def add_book(self,book): self.__booklist.append(book) print('%s图书新增成功'%book.get_bookname()) def query_book(self,book_name): for i in self.__booklist: if i.get_bookname()==book_name: print('图书 %s 找到了。'%i.get_bookname()) return i.get_bookinfo() else: print('%s图书不存在！'%book_name) return None def borrow_book(self,book_name): for i in self.__booklist: if i.get_bookname()==book_name: i.update_borrow_returntime(datetime.now(),1) self.__borrowlist.append(i) print('图书%s 借阅成功,借阅时间：%s'%(book_name,i.get_bookinfo()[3])) self.__booklist.remove(i) break else: print('未找到该图书%s！'%book_name) def return_book(self,book_name): for i in self.__borrowlist: if i.get_bookname()==book_name: i.update_borrow_returntime(datetime.now(),0) self.__booklist.append(i) print('图书%s 借阅归还成功！借阅时长共计：%s天%s秒)'%(book_name,i.get_period()[0],i.get_period()[1])) self.__borrowlist.remove(i) break else: print('%s图书不在借阅名单，请确认图书名称！'%book_name) def list_book(self): b_list=[] bb_list=[] for i in self.__booklist: b_list.append(i.get_bookname()) print('图书馆存书有：',b_list) for i in self.__borrowlist: bb_list.append(i.get_bookname()) print('图书馆借出去的书有：',bb_list) #图书类，管理图书的基本信息 class Book(): def __init__(self,name,author,tag): self.__name=name self.__author=author self.__tag=tag self.__borrowtime=datetime.now() self.__returntime=datetime.now() def get_bookname(self): return self.__name def update_borrow_returntime(self,modify_time,flag): '''flag=1 更新借阅时间，flag=0 更新归还时间''' if flag ==1: self.__borrowtime=datetime.now() elif flag==0: self.__returntime=datetime.now() def get_period(self): period=self.__returntime-self.__borrowtime return period.days,period.total_seconds() def get_bookinfo(self): return self.__name,self.__author,self.__tag,self.__borrowtime,self.__returntime #命令类，根据用户命令 调用图书馆的相关图书管理操作 class CommandList(): def __init__(self): pass def listinfo(self,library): if library==None: print(''' create:新建图书馆 listbooks:图书馆的当前图书展示 add：新增图书 query：查询图书 borrow：借阅图书 returnbook：归还图书 exit:退出程序 ''') else: print(''' listbooks:图书馆的当前图书展示 add：新增图书 query：查询图书 borrow：借阅图书 returnbook：归还图书 exit:退出程序 ''') def create_library(self,name,location): print('%s图书馆创建成功！'%name) return Library(name,location) def use_library(self,data_file): if os.path.exists(data_file): try: with open(data_file,'rb') as fp: library=p.load(fp) print('数据文件加载成功！') except: print('数据文件加载失败，错误信息如下：') traceback.print_exc() else: print("Warning: library数据文件不存在，请输入'create'命令创建library") library=None return library def add(self,library): while 1: book_name=input('请输入要添加书的书名：').strip() book_author=input('请输入要添加书的作者：').strip() book_tag=input('请输入要添加书的类型：').strip() if book_name=='' or book_author=='' or book_tag=='': print('书名、作者、类型均不能为空！') continue else: book=Book(book_name,book_author,book_tag) library.add_book(book) flag=input('是否继续新增图书 y 是 n 否').strip().lower() if flag=='y': continue else: break def query(self,library): book_name=input('请输入要查询的图书名称：').strip() s=library.query_book(book_name) if s: print('图书名称：%s 图书作者：%s 图书类型：%s '%(s[0],s[1],s[2])) def borrow(self,library): book_name=input('请输入要借阅的图书名称：').strip() library.borrow_book(book_name) def returnbook(self,library): book_name=input('请输入要归还的图书名称：').strip() library.return_book(book_name) def get_library_book_info(self,library): library.list_book() def exit(self,library): if library==None: return None flag=input('请确认当前数据是否需要保存，y 保存，n 不保存').strip() if flag=='y': file_name=input('请输入保存数据的文件名称(全路径)：') try: with open(file_name,'wb') as fp: p.dump(library,fp) print('保存数据成功！') except: traceback.print_exc() else: print('程序退出成功！') #初始调用语句 if __name__=='__main__': #'f:\pylianxi\library_data.txt' comm=CommandList() data_file=input('请输入要加载的数据文件路径:') library=comm.use_library(data_file) while 1: comm.listinfo(library) command=input('请输入要操作的命令：') command=command.strip() if library==None and command!='create' and command!='exit': print("Warning: library尚未创建，请输入'create'命令创建library!") continue if command=='create': library_name=input('请输入要创建library的名字：').strip() library_location=input('请输入要创建library的地理位置：').strip() library=comm.create_library(library_name,library_location) elif command=='add': comm.add(library) elif command=='query': comm.query(library) elif command=='borrow': comm.borrow(library) elif command=='returnbook': comm.returnbook(library) elif command=='exit': comm.exit(library) break elif command=='listbooks': comm.get_library_book_info(library) else: print('命令输入错误，请重新输入！')