发布我的高性能纯C#图像处理基本类，顺便也挑战一下极限。:)

前些天写了《编写高效的C#图像处理程序——我的实验》《编写高效的C#图像处理程序——我的实验（续）》，后来，在这两篇文章的基础上，整理了代码，发布在 http://code.google.com/p/smartimage/ ；可以使用SVN通过下面地址：http://smartimage.googlecode.com/svn/trunk/ smartimage-read-only 下载源代码。

其中：Orc.SmartImage.Common 项目是C#图像处理的基础类。Orc.SmartImage.CommonTest 是单元测试（需nunit），Orc.SmartImageLab.PerformanceTest是性能测试。关于这些基础类和EmguCV和OpenCV(P/Invoke）的性能比较见我的博客：《编写高效的C#图像处理程序——我的实验（续）》，项目核心是泛型类 UnmanagedImage.cs

 using System; 
 using System.Collections.Generic; 
 using System.Runtime.InteropServices; 
 using System.Text; 
 using System.Drawing; 
 using System.Drawing.Imaging; 
 namespace Orc.SmartImage 
 { 
     public abstract class UnmanagedImage<T> : IDisposable, IEnumerable<T> 
         where T : struct 
     { 
         public Int32 ByteCount { get; private set; } 
         public Int32 Length { get; private set; } 
         public Int32 SizeOfType { get; private set; } 
         public Int32 Width { get; private set; } 
         public Int32 Height { get; private set; } 
         public IntPtr StartIntPtr { get; private set; } 
         private IByteConverter<T> m_converter; 
         private unsafe Byte* m_start; 
         public unsafe UnmanagedImage(Int32 width, Int32 height) 
         { 
             Width = width; 
             Height = height; 
             Length = Width * Height; 
             SizeOfType = SizeOfT(); 
             ByteCount = SizeOfType * Length; 
             m_converter = this.CreateByteConverter(); 
             StartIntPtr = Marshal.AllocHGlobal(ByteCount); 
             m_start = (Byte*)StartIntPtr; 
         } 
         public UnmanagedImage(Bitmap map):this(map.Width, map.Height) 
         { 
             if (map == null) throw new ArgumentNullException("map"); 
             this.CreateFromBitmap(map); 
         } 
         /// <summary> 
         /// 性能约是指针操作的1/4。不适用于性能要求高的地方。 
         /// </summary> 
         /// <param name="index"></param> 
         /// <returns></returns> 
         public unsafe T this[int index] 
         { 
             get 
             { 
                 T t = new T(); 
                 m_converter.Copy(m_start + index * SizeOfType, ref t); 
                 return t; 
             } 
             set  
             { 
                 Byte* to = m_start + index * SizeOfType; 
                 m_converter.Copy(ref value, to); 
             } 
         } 
         /// <summary> 
         /// 性能约是指针操作的1/4。不适用于性能要求高的地方。 
         /// </summary> 
         /// <param name="row"></param> 
         /// <param name="col"></param> 
         /// <returns></returns> 
         public unsafe T this[int row, int col] 
         { 
              get 
             { 
                 T t = new T(); 
                 m_converter.Copy(m_start + (row * Width + col) * SizeOfType, ref t); 
                 return t; 
             } 
             set  
             { 
                 Byte* to = m_start + (row * Width + col) * SizeOfType; 
                 m_converter.Copy(ref value, to); 
             } 
         } 
         public void Dispose() 
         { 
             Dispose(true); 
             GC.SuppressFinalize(this); 
         } 
         protected virtual void Dispose(bool disposing) 
         { 
             if (false == disposed) 
             { 
                  disposed = true; 
                  Marshal.FreeHGlobal(StartIntPtr); 
             } 
         } 
         private bool disposed; 
         ~UnmanagedImage() 
         { 
             Dispose(false); 
         } 
         private static Int32 SizeOfT() 
         { 
             return Marshal.SizeOf(typeof(T)); 
         } 
         private unsafe void CreateFromBitmap(Bitmap map) 
         { 
             int height = map.Height; 
             int width = map.Width; 
             PixelFormat format = map.PixelFormat; 
             if (this.Width != width || this.Height != height) 
             { 
                 return; 
             } 
             Bitmap newMap = map; 
             Int32 step = SizeOfT(); 
             switch (format) 
             { 
                 case PixelFormat.Format24bppRgb: 
                     break; 
                 case PixelFormat.Format32bppArgb: 
                     break; 
                 default: 
                     format = PixelFormat.Format32bppArgb; 
                     newMap = map.Clone(new Rectangle(0, 0, width, height), PixelFormat.Format32bppArgb); 
                     break; 
             } 
             Byte* t = (Byte*)StartIntPtr; 
             BitmapData data = newMap.LockBits(new Rectangle(0, 0, width, height), ImageLockMode.ReadOnly, format); 
             try 
             { 
                 if (format == PixelFormat.Format24bppRgb) 
                 { 
                     Byte* line = (Byte*)data.Scan0; 
                     for (int h = 0; h < height; h++) 
                     { 
                         Rgb24* c = (Rgb24*)line; 
                         for (int w = 0; w < width; w++) 
                         { 
                             m_converter.Copy(c, t); 
                             t += step; 
                             c++; 
                         } 
                         line += data.Stride; 
                     } 
                 } 
                 else 
                 { 
                     Byte* line = (Byte*)data.Scan0; 
                     for (int h = 0; h < height; h++) 
                     { 
                         Argb32* c = (Argb32*)line; 
                         for (int w = 0; w < width; w++) 
                         { 
                             m_converter.Copy(c, t); 
                             t += step; 
                             c++; 
                         } 
                         line += data.Stride; 
                     } 
                 } 
             } 
             catch (Exception) 
             { 
                 throw; 
             } 
             finally 
             { 
                 newMap.UnlockBits(data); 
             } 
         } 
         public unsafe Bitmap ToBitmap() 
         { 
             Bitmap map = new Bitmap(this.Width, this.Height, PixelFormat.Format32bppArgb); 
             ToBitmap(map); 
             return map; 
         } 
         public unsafe void ToBitmap(Bitmap map) 
         { 
             if (map == null) throw new ArgumentNullException("map"); 
             if (map.Width != this.Width || map.Height != this.Height) 
             { 
                 throw new ArgumentException("尺寸不匹配."); 
             } 
             if (map.PixelFormat != PixelFormat.Format32bppArgb) 
             { 
                 throw new ArgumentException("只支持 Format32bppArgb 格式。 "); 
             } 
             Int32 step = SizeOfT(); 
             Byte* t = (Byte*)StartIntPtr; 
             BitmapData data = map.LockBits(new Rectangle(0, 0, map.Width, map.Height), ImageLockMode.ReadWrite, map.PixelFormat); 
             try 
             { 
                 int width = map.Width; 
                 int height = map.Height; 
                 Byte* line = (Byte*)data.Scan0; 
                 for (int h = 0; h < height; h++) 
                 { 
                     Argb32* c = (Argb32*)line; 
                     for (int w = 0; w < width; w++) 
                     { 
                         m_converter.Copy(t, c); 
                         t += step; 
                         c++; 
                     } 
                     line += data.Stride; 
                 } 
             } 
             finally 
             { 
                 map.UnlockBits(data); 
             } 
         } 
         protected abstract IByteConverter<T> CreateByteConverter(); 
         #region IEnumerable<T> Members 
         public IEnumerator<T> GetEnumerator() 
         { 
             return new ImageEnum<T>(this, this.m_converter); 
         } 
         #endregion 
         #region IEnumerable Members 
         System.Collections.IEnumerator System.Collections.IEnumerable.GetEnumerator() 
         { 
             return GetEnumerator(); 
         } 
         #endregion 
     } 
     internal class ImageEnum<T> : IEnumerator<T> 
         where T : struct 
     { 
         private UnmanagedImage<T> m_img; 
         private unsafe Byte* m_start; 
         private Int32 m_step; 
         private unsafe Byte* m_end; 
         private unsafe Byte* m_current; 
         private IByteConverter<T> m_converter; 
         public unsafe ImageEnum(UnmanagedImage<T> img, IByteConverter<T> converter) 
         { 
             m_img = img; 
             m_start = (Byte*)m_img.StartIntPtr; 
             m_step = m_img.SizeOfType; 
             m_end = m_start + m_step * m_img.Length; 
             m_current = m_start; 
             m_converter = converter; 
         } 
         #region IEnumerator<T> Members 
         public unsafe T Current 
         { 
             get  
             {  
                 T t = new T(); 
                 m_converter.Copy(m_current, ref t);  
                 return t;  
             } 
         } 
         #endregion 
         #region IDisposable Members 
         public void Dispose() 
         { 
         } 
         #endregion 
         #region IEnumerator Members 
         object System.Collections.IEnumerator.Current 
         { 
             get { return Current; } 
         } 
         public unsafe bool MoveNext() 
         { 
             m_current += this.m_step; 
             return m_current < m_end; 
         } 
         public unsafe void Reset() 
         { 
             m_current = m_start; 
         } 
         #endregion 
     } 
 } 

Argb32Image，GrayscaleImage, ImageU8, Rgb24Image是UnmanagedImage<T>的四个实现。对于具体的图像类，可以直接使用指针进行操作，也可以通过索引器和迭代器进行操作。直接通过指针操作的性能大概是后者的4倍。通过迭代器进行操作不用考虑指针越界问题。通过指针和索引器进行操作需自行判断指针越界的问题。

这几个基本类和Bitmap之间的转换很简单高效，如：

Rgb24Image rgb24 = new Rgb24Image(map);
Bitmap to = rgb24.ToBitmap();

使用这几个类进行图像处理，性能逼近C/C++代码。且使用的是非托管内存，又实现了Dispose模式，不会发生内存泄漏。想要及时释放内存，Dispose一下即可。

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在此挑战一下，哪位兄弟能用C#写出性能更高的代码？小弟奉上银鳞胸甲一件！