jsp的原理

一、什么是JSP？

　　JSP全称是Java Server Pages，它和servle技术一样，都是SUN公司定义的一种用于开发动态web资源的技术。
　　JSP这门技术的最大的特点在于，写jsp就像在写html，但它相比html而言，html只能为用户提供静态数据，而Jsp技术允许在页面中嵌套java代码，为用户提供动态数据。

二、JSP原理

2.1、ie浏览器访问jsp时，Web服务器是如何调用并执行一个jsp页面的？

　　浏览器访问服务器时，实质上都访问的是servlet，当访问一个jsp页面时，实质上也是访问的servlet，如访问index.jsp,当服务器访问index.jsp时，首先会将index.jsp翻译成index_jsp.java,然后将此java文件编译成index_jsp.class,所以我们访问jsp，实际上访问的是servlet.

index.jsp

<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8"
    pageEncoding="UTF-8" import="java.util.*"%>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1">
<title>Insert title here</title>
</head>
<body>
<%
    Date date=new Date();
    out.write(date.toLocaleString());
%>
</body>
</html>

启动服务，我们可以在tomcat下看到index.jsp的编译过程，在tomcat中work目录下生成index_jsp.java

index_jsp.java,此类继承了org.apache.jasper.runtime.HttpJspBase类

/*
 * Generated by the Jasper component of Apache Tomcat
 * Version: Apache Tomcat/7.0.77
 * Generated at: 2018-11-06 09:56:32 UTC
 * Note: The last modified time of this file was set to
 *       the last modified time of the source file after
 *       generation to assist with modification tracking.
 */
package org.apache.jsp;

import javax.servlet.*;
import javax.servlet.http.*;
import javax.servlet.jsp.*;
import java.util.*;

public final class index_jsp extends org.apache.jasper.runtime.HttpJspBase
    implements org.apache.jasper.runtime.JspSourceDependent {

  private static final javax.servlet.jsp.JspFactory _jspxFactory =
          javax.servlet.jsp.JspFactory.getDefaultFactory();

  private static java.util.Map<java.lang.String,java.lang.Long> _jspx_dependants;

  private volatile javax.el.ExpressionFactory _el_expressionfactory;
  private volatile org.apache.tomcat.InstanceManager _jsp_instancemanager;

  public java.util.Map<java.lang.String,java.lang.Long> getDependants() {
    return _jspx_dependants;
  }

  public javax.el.ExpressionFactory _jsp_getExpressionFactory() {
    if (_el_expressionfactory == null) {
      synchronized (this) {
        if (_el_expressionfactory == null) {
          _el_expressionfactory = _jspxFactory.getJspApplicationContext(getServletConfig().getServletContext()).getExpressionFactory();
        }
      }
    }
    return _el_expressionfactory;
  }

  public org.apache.tomcat.InstanceManager _jsp_getInstanceManager() {
    if (_jsp_instancemanager == null) {
      synchronized (this) {
        if (_jsp_instancemanager == null) {
          _jsp_instancemanager = org.apache.jasper.runtime.InstanceManagerFactory.getInstanceManager(getServletConfig());
        }
      }
    }
    return _jsp_instancemanager;
  }

  public void _jspInit() {
  }

  public void _jspDestroy() {
  }

  public void _jspService(final javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest request, final javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse response)
        throws java.io.IOException, javax.servlet.ServletException {

    final javax.servlet.jsp.PageContext pageContext;
    javax.servlet.http.HttpSession session = null;
    final javax.servlet.ServletContext application;
    final javax.servlet.ServletConfig config;
    javax.servlet.jsp.JspWriter out = null;
    final java.lang.Object page = this;
    javax.servlet.jsp.JspWriter _jspx_out = null;
    javax.servlet.jsp.PageContext _jspx_page_context = null;


    try {
      response.setContentType("text/html; charset=UTF-8");
      pageContext = _jspxFactory.getPageContext(this, request, response,
                  null, true, 8192, true);
      _jspx_page_context = pageContext;
      application = pageContext.getServletContext();
      config = pageContext.getServletConfig();
      session = pageContext.getSession();
      out = pageContext.getOut();
      _jspx_out = out;

      out.write("
");
      out.write("<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
");
      out.write("<html>
");
      out.write("<head>
");
      out.write("<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1">
");
      out.write("<title>Insert title here</title>
");
      out.write("</head>
");
      out.write("<body>
");

    Date date=new Date();
    out.write(date.toLocaleString());

      out.write("
");
      out.write("</body>
");
      out.write("</html>");
    } catch (java.lang.Throwable t) {
      if (!(t instanceof javax.servlet.jsp.SkipPageException)){
        out = _jspx_out;
        if (out != null && out.getBufferSize() != 0)
          try {
            if (response.isCommitted()) {
              out.flush();
            } else {
              out.clearBuffer();
            }
          } catch (java.io.IOException e) {}
        if (_jspx_page_context != null) _jspx_page_context.handlePageException(t);
        else throw new ServletException(t);
      }
    } finally {
      _jspxFactory.releasePageContext(_jspx_page_context);
    }
  }
}

org.apache.jasper.runtime.HttpJspBase类，此类继承了HttpServlet，所以说jsp就是servlet 

/*
 * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
 * contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
 * this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
 * The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
 * (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
 * the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
 * 
 *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
 * 
 * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
 * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
 * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
 * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 * limitations under the License.
 */

package org.apache.jasper.runtime;

import java.io.IOException;

import javax.servlet.ServletConfig;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import javax.servlet.jsp.HttpJspPage;
import javax.servlet.jsp.JspFactory;

import org.apache.jasper.compiler.Localizer;

/**
 * This is the super class of all JSP-generated servlets.
 *
 * @author Anil K. Vijendran
 */
public abstract class HttpJspBase 
    extends HttpServlet 
    implements HttpJspPage 
        
    
{
    
    protected HttpJspBase() {
    }

    public final void init(ServletConfig config) 
    throws ServletException 
    {
        super.init(config);
    jspInit();
        _jspInit();
    }
    
    public String getServletInfo() {
    return Localizer.getMessage("jsp.engine.info");
    }

    public final void destroy() {
    jspDestroy();
    _jspDestroy();
    }

    /**
     * Entry point into service.
     */
    public final void service(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) 
    throws ServletException, IOException 
    {
        _jspService(request, response);
    }
    
    public void jspInit() {
    }

    public void _jspInit() {
    }

    public void jspDestroy() {
    }

    protected void _jspDestroy() {
    }

    public abstract void _jspService(HttpServletRequest request, 
                     HttpServletResponse response) 
    throws ServletException, IOException;
}
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原文地址：https://www.cnblogs.com/xiaotang5051729/p/9916895.html