Linux磁盘分区

柱面:每个盘片相同的同心圆环组成的一个立体结构

扇区:扇形区域

磁头:读取数据

磁盘在Linux上属于文件

一般HD开头(IDE接口的硬盘)或者SD(SATA接口的硬盘)开头

a、b、c标示第几块磁盘

一般都是sda、sdb等

sda1表示第一块硬盘的第一块分区

磁盘的分区

主流的分区机制有MBR和GPT

1:MBR:主引导记录。通常应用在使用BIOS的PC上(苹果机不是的),该机制会占用磁盘的头512个字节用来存放引导代码和分区表和启动标示55AA(其他的BIOS不能引导)

    缺点:支持的分区有限;只支持小于2T的硬盘(因为于寻址空间是32)

    分区:

     1:主分区最多4个,可以直接使用

     2:扩展分区,该扩展分区会占用一个主分区位置,之后必须创建逻辑分区才可以使用

2:GPT分区机制(64位寻址空间)

GPT分区机制:必须支持UEFI硬件才能使用,必须64位

磁盘分区的工具

1:fdisk,应用广泛,甚至包括救援模式下的Linux,但是不支持GPT模式

分区试验:

1:先在虚拟机中添加一块硬盘

2:

[root@gechong ~]# ll /dev | grep sd
brw-rw----. 1 root disk      8,   0 11月  5 16:15 sda
brw-rw----. 1 root disk      8,   1 11月  5 16:15 sda1
brw-rw----. 1 root disk      8,   2 11月  5 16:15 sda2
[root@gechong ~]# fdisk -l

Disk /dev/sda: 21.5 GB, 21474836480 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 2610 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x000ee95c

   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
/dev/sda1   *           1          64      512000   83  Linux
Partition 1 does not end on cylinder boundary.
/dev/sda2              64        2611    20458496   8e  Linux LVM

Disk /dev/mapper/vg_gechong-lv_root: 17.7 GB, 17725128704 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 2154 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x00000000
可以看到有一块磁盘sda,有两个分区sda1和sda2
255 heads磁头, 63 sectors/track扇区, 2610 cylinders柱面

Start起始柱面         End结束柱面
 

添加一块磁盘后重新用fdisk -l命令查看:会显示多了一块磁盘

Disk /dev/sdb: 8589 MB, 8589934592 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 1044 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x00000000

但是其下面并没有分区,因为我们尚未分区,分完之后会显示在该、块硬盘的下面

[root@gechong ~]# fdisk /dev/sdb
Device contains neither a valid DOS partition table, nor Sun, SGI or OSF disklabel
Building a new DOS disklabel with disk identifier 0xb8fdd7dd.
Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.
After that, of course, the previous content won't be recoverable.

Warning: invalid flag 0x0000 of partition table 4 will be corrected by w(rite)

WARNING: DOS-compatible mode is deprecated. It's strongly recommended to
         switch off the mode (command 'c') and change display units to
         sectors (command 'u').

Command (m for help):m

Command action
a toggle a bootable flag
b edit bsd disklabel
c toggle the dos compatibility flag
d delete a partition
l list known partition types
m print this menu
n add a new partition
o create a new empty DOS partition table
p print the partition table
q quit without saving changes
s create a new empty Sun disklabel
t change a partition's system id
u change display/entry units
v verify the partition table
w write table to disk and exit
x extra functionality (experts only)

进入交互式界面只需按照提示一步一步创建分区即可

n为创建新的分区

w保存后退出,否则不会生效

Command (m for help): n
Command action
e extended
p primary partition (1-4)

e为扩展分区

p为主分区

一般为先建立主分区,之后建立扩展分区再在扩展分区上建立逻辑分区

注意:主分区ID为1-4  逻辑分区必须大于等于5

Command (m for help): n
Command action
e extended
p primary partition (1-4)
p
Partition number (1-4): 1
First cylinder (1-1044, default 1):
Using default value 1
Last cylinder, +cylinders or +size{K,M,G} (1-1044, default 1044): +2G

Command (m for help): n
Command action
e extended
p primary partition (1-4)
e
Partition number (1-4): 5
Value out of range.
Partition number (1-4): 3
First cylinder (263-1044, default 263):
Using default value 263
Last cylinder, +cylinders or +size{K,M,G} (263-1044, default 1044): +2G

Command (m for help): n
Command action
l logical (5 or over)
p primary partition (1-4)
l
First cylinder (263-524, default 263):
Using default value 263
Last cylinder, +cylinders or +size{K,M,G} (263-524, default 524): +2G

[root@gechong ~]# fdisk -l | grep sdb
Disk /dev/sdb: 8589 MB, 8589934592 bytes
/dev/sdb1               1         262     2104483+  83  Linux
/dev/sdb2             263         524     2104515    5  Extended
/dev/sdb5             263         524     2104483+  83  Linux

 如果没有显示,可以使用partprobe命令更新内核后重新查看

[root@gechong ~]# cat /proc/partitions
major minor  #blocks  name

   8        0   20971520 sda
   8        1     512000 sda1
   8        2   20458496 sda2
   8       16    8388608 sdb
   8       17    2104483 sdb1
   8       18          1 sdb2
   8       21    2104483 sdb5
 252        0   17309696 dm-0
 252        1    3145728 dm-1

或者

[root@gechong ~]# ll /dev/sd*
brw-rw----. 1 root disk 8,  0 11月  5 16:59 /dev/sda
brw-rw----. 1 root disk 8,  1 11月  5 16:40 /dev/sda1
brw-rw----. 1 root disk 8,  2 11月  5 16:40 /dev/sda2
brw-rw----. 1 root disk 8, 16 11月  5 16:59 /dev/sdb
brw-rw----. 1 root disk 8, 17 11月  5 16:59 /dev/sdb1
brw-rw----. 1 root disk 8, 18 11月  5 16:59 /dev/sdb2
brw-rw----. 1 root disk 8, 21 11月  5 16:59 /dev/sdb5
原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/xiaoit/p/3408862.html