mariadb多实例搭建

　　测试环境基于centos7.2,腾讯云实验室，学习搭建！

https://www.qcloud.com/developer

　　多实例mysql，能更加理解mysql安装的基本过程！及简单使用。。。

　　mariadb是mysql的衍生版（原作者退出mysql团队，主要是卖给oracle公司！自己想保持开源共享的特性。。。不得不说作者很屌）

00、yum测试

[root@VM_94_232_centos ~]# yum search mariadb
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, langpacks
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
=================================== N/S matched: mariadb ====================================
mariadb-bench.x86_64 : MariaDB benchmark scripts and data
mariadb-devel.i686 : Files for development of MariaDB/MySQL applications
mariadb-devel.x86_64 : Files for development of MariaDB/MySQL applications
mariadb-embedded.i686 : MariaDB as an embeddable library
mariadb-embedded.x86_64 : MariaDB as an embeddable library
mariadb-embedded-devel.i686 : Development files for MariaDB as an embeddable library
mariadb-embedded-devel.x86_64 : Development files for MariaDB as an embeddable library
mariadb-libs.x86_64 : The shared libraries required for MariaDB/MySQL clients
mariadb-libs.i686 : The shared libraries required for MariaDB/MySQL clients
mariadb-server.x86_64 : The MariaDB server and related files
mariadb.x86_64 : A community developed branch of MySQL
mariadb-test.x86_64 : The test suite distributed with MariaD
percona-xtrabackup.x86_64 : Online backup for InnoDB/XtraDB in MySQL, Percona Server and #很出名名的数据库备份，修复的公司，吊炸天

01、安装mysql

yum install -y mariadb-server

mkdir /mvpbang/{data3333,data3334} #创建数据库文件存放位置

02、初始化数据库

mysql_install_db --datadir=/mvpbang/data33343--user=mysql

mysql_install_db --datadir=/mvpbang/data3334 --user=mysql

chown -R mysql: /mvpbang/* #权限设置

Installing MariaDB/MySQL system tables in '/mvpbang/data3334' ...
170823 19:58:08 [Note] /usr/libexec/mysqld (mysqld 5.5.52-MariaDB) starting as process 10956 
...OK
Filling help tables...
170823 19:58:10 [Note] /usr/libexec/mysqld (mysqld 5.5.52-MariaDB) starting as process 10965 
...OK

To start mysqld at boot time you have to copy
support-files/mysql.server to the right place for your system

PLEASE REMEMBER TO SET A PASSWORD FOR THE MariaDB root USER !
To do so, start the server, then issue the following commands:

'/usr/bin/mysqladmin' -u root password 'new-password'
'/usr/bin/mysqladmin' -u root -h VM_94_232_centos password 'new-password'

Alternatively you can run:
'/usr/bin/mysql_secure_installation'   #安全设置（删除test库，禁止root远程登录）

which will also give you the option of removing the test
databases and anonymous user created by default.  This is
strongly recommended for production servers.

See the MariaDB Knowledgebase at http://mariadb.com/kb or the
MySQL manual for more instructions.

You can start the MariaDB daemon with:
cd '/usr' ; /usr/bin/mysqld_safe --datadir='/mvpbang/data3334'

You can test the MariaDB daemon with mysql-test-run.pl
cd '/usr/mysql-test' ; perl mysql-test-run.pl

Please report any problems at http://mariadb.org/jira

The latest information about MariaDB is available at http://mariadb.org/.
You can find additional information about the MySQL part at:
http://dev.mysql.com
Support MariaDB development by buying support/new features from MariaDB
Corporation Ab. You can contact us about this at sales@mariadb.com.
Alternatively consider joining our community based development effort:
http://mariadb.com/kb/en/contributing-to-the-mariadb-project/

03、设置my_multi.cnf

注意：本配置只在乎简单的多实例。对于对引擎等参数的设置，本文该不做介绍

show variables; #默认参数信息，可根据做对应的调整

[mysqld_multi]
mysqld = /usr/bin/mysqld_safe
mysqladmin = /usr/bin/mysqladmin
user = root   #只能root管理

[mysqld3333]
socket = /tmp/mysql_3333.sock
port = 3333
pid-file = /mvpbang/data3333/3333.pid
datadir = /mvpbang/data3333
log = /mvpbang/log/mysql3333.log
user = mysql


[mysqld3334]
socket = /tmp/mysql_3334.sock
port = 3334
pid-file = /mvpbang/data3333/3334.pid
datadir = /mvpbang/data3334
log = /mvpbang/log/mysql3334.log
user = mysql

04、启动关闭

mysqld_multi --defaults-extra-file=/etc/my_multi.cnf start | stop 3333,3334 #批量启动关闭
mysqld_multi --defaults-extra-file=/etc/my_multi.cnf start | stop 3333
mysqld_multi --defaults-extra-file=/etc/my_multi.cnf start | stop 3334 #单个进行操作

亦可以设置开机启动

vim /etc/rc.d/rc.local

mysqld_multi --defaults-extra-file=/etc/my_multi.cnf start 3333,3334

05、设置root密码设置密码

设置密码

mysqladmin -uroot -S /tmp/mysql_3333.sock password 123123; #sock套接字快速连接
mysqladmin -uroot -S /tmp/mysql_3334.sock password 123123;

mysql登录

mysql -uroot -p -S /tmp/mysql_3306.sock

06、常见命令参数

mysqld_multi

[root@VM_94_232_centos ~]# mysqld_multi --help
mysqld_multi version 2.16 by Jani Tolonen

Description:
mysqld_multi can be used to start, or stop any number of separate
mysqld processes running in different TCP/IP ports and UNIX sockets.

mysqld_multi can read group [mysqld_multi] from my.cnf file. You may
want to put options mysqld=... and mysqladmin=... there. Since
version 2.10 these options can also be given under groups [mysqld#],
which gives more control over different versions. One can have the
default mysqld and mysqladmin under group [mysqld_multi], but this is
not mandatory. Please note that if mysqld or mysqladmin is missing
from both [mysqld_multi] and [mysqld#], a group that is tried to be
used, mysqld_multi will abort with an error.

mysqld_multi will search for groups named [mysqld#] from my.cnf (or
the given --defaults-extra-file=...), where '#' can be any positive
integer starting from 1. These groups should be the same as the regular
[mysqld] group, but with those port, socket and any other options
that are to be used with each separate mysqld process. The number
in the group name has another function; it can be used for starting,
stopping, or reporting any specific mysqld server.

#使用方法
Usage: mysqld_multi [OPTIONS] {start|stop|report} [GNR,GNR,GNR...] #report 运行状态报告
or mysqld_multi [OPTIONS] {start|stop|report} [GNR-GNR,GNR,GNR-GNR,...]

The GNR means the group number. You can start, stop or report any GNR,
or several of them at the same time. (See --example) The GNRs list can
be comma separated or a dash combined. The latter means that all the
GNRs between GNR1-GNR2 will be affected. Without GNR argument all the
groups found will either be started, stopped, or reported. Note that
syntax for specifying GNRs must appear without spaces.

Options:

These options must be given before any others:
--no-defaults Do not read any defaults file
--defaults-file=... Read only this configuration file, do not read the #常用语单实例
standard system-wide and user-specific files
--defaults-extra-file=... Read this configuration file in addition to the #多实例配置文件
standard system-wide and user-specific files
Using:

--example Give an example of a config file with extra information.
--help Print this help and exit.
--log=... Log file. Full path to and the name for the log file. NOTE:
If the file exists, everything will be appended.
Using:
--mysqladmin=... mysqladmin binary to be used for a server shutdown.
Since version 2.10 this can be given within groups [mysqld#]
Using:
--mysqld=... mysqld binary to be used. Note that you can give mysqld_safe
to this option also. The options are passed to mysqld. Just
make sure you have mysqld in your PATH or fix mysqld_safe.
Using:
Please note: Since mysqld_multi version 2.3 you can also
give this option inside groups [mysqld#] in ~/.my.cnf,
where '#' stands for an integer (number) of the group in
question. This will be recognised as a special option and
will not be passed to the mysqld. This will allow one to
start different mysqld versions with mysqld_multi.
--no-log Print to stdout instead of the log file. By default the log
file is turned on.
--password=... Password for mysqladmin user.
--silent Disable warnings.
--tcp-ip Connect to the MySQL server(s) via the TCP/IP port instead
of the UNIX socket. This affects stopping and reporting.
If a socket file is missing, the server may still be
running, but can be accessed only via the TCP/IP port.
By default connecting is done via the UNIX socket.
--user=... mysqladmin user. Using: root
--verbose Be more verbose.
--version Print the version number and exit.