<body> <div style="text-align:center;"> <div>用户名:<input type="text" id="txt_username" /></div> <div>密 码:<input type="password" id="txt_password" /></div> <div><input type="button" value="登录" id="btn_login" class="btn-default" /></div> </div> </body>
$(function () { $("#btn_login").click(function () { $.ajax({ type: "get", url: "http://localhost:27221/api/User/Login", data: { strUser: $("#txt_username").val(), strPwd: $("#txt_password").val() }, success: function (data, status) { if (status == "success") { if (!data.bRes){ alert("登录失败"); return; } alert("登录成功"); //登录成功之后将用户名和用户票据带到主界面 window.location = "/Home/Index?UserName=" + data.UserName + "&Ticket=" + data.Ticket; } }, error: function (e) { }, complete: function () { } }); }); });
public class UserController : ApiController { /// <summary> /// 用户登录 /// </summary> /// <param name="strUser"></param> /// <param name="strPwd"></param> /// <returns></returns> [HttpGet] public object Login(string strUser, string strPwd) { if (!ValidateUser(strUser, strPwd)) { return new { bRes = false }; } FormsAuthenticationTicket ticket = new FormsAuthenticationTicket(0, strUser, DateTime.Now, DateTime.Now.AddHours(1), true, string.Format("{0}&{1}", strUser, strPwd), FormsAuthentication.FormsCookiePath); //返回登录结果、用户信息、用户验证票据信息 var oUser = new UserInfo { bRes = true, UserName = strUser, Password = strPwd, Ticket = FormsAuthentication.Encrypt(ticket) }; //将身份信息保存在session中,验证当前请求是否是有效请求 HttpContext.Current.Session[strUser] = oUser; return oUser; } //校验用户名密码(正式环境中应该是数据库校验) private bool ValidateUser(string strUser, string strPwd) { if (strUser == "admin" && strPwd == "123456") { return true; } else { return false; } } } public class UserInfo { public bool bRes { get; set; } public string UserName { get; set; } public string Password { get; set; } public string Ticket { get; set; } }
如何开启WebApi里面的Session,请参考:http://www.cnblogs.com/tinya/p/4563641.html
正如上面的原理部分说的,登录如果失败,则直接返回;如果成功,则将生成的票据Ticket带到前端,传到主界面/Home/Index,下面,我们就来看看主界面Home/Index。
public class HomeController : Controller { // GET: Home public ActionResult Index(string UserName, string Ticket) { ViewBag.UserName = UserName; ViewBag.Ticket = Ticket; return View(); } }
<html> <head> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width" /> <title>Index</title> <script src="~/Content/jquery-1.9.1.js"></script> <link href="~/Content/bootstrap/css/bootstrap.css" rel="stylesheet" /> <script src="~/Content/bootstrap/js/bootstrap.js"></script> <script src="~/Scripts/Home/Index.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript"> //打开页面的时候保存票据信息 var UserName = '@ViewBag.UserName'; var Ticket = '@ViewBag.Ticket'; </script> </head> <body> <div>当前登录用户:'@ViewBag.UserName'</div> <div id="div_test"> </div> </body> </html>
$(function () { $.ajax({ type: "get", url: "http://localhost:27221/api/Charging/GetAllChargingData", data: {}, beforeSend: function (XHR) { //发送ajax请求之前向http的head里面加入验证信息 XHR.setRequestHeader('Authorization', 'BasicAuth ' + Ticket); }, success: function (data, status) { if (status == "success") { $("#div_test").html(data); } }, error: function (e) { $("#div_test").html("Error"); }, complete: function () { } }); });
继承我们的AuthorizeAttribute这个类。然后重写OnAuthorization方法,在这个方法里面取到请求头的Ticket信息,然后校验用户名密码是否合理。
/// <summary> /// 自定义此特性用于接口的身份验证 /// </summary> public class RequestAuthorizeAttribute : AuthorizeAttribute { //重写基类的验证方式,加入我们自定义的Ticket验证 public override void OnAuthorization(System.Web.Http.Controllers.HttpActionContext actionContext) { //从http请求的头里面获取身份验证信息,验证是否是请求发起方的ticket var authorization = actionContext.Request.Headers.Authorization; if ((authorization != null) && (authorization.Parameter != null)) { //解密用户ticket,并校验用户名密码是否匹配 var encryptTicket = authorization.Parameter; if (ValidateTicket(encryptTicket)) { base.IsAuthorized(actionContext); } else { HandleUnauthorizedRequest(actionContext); } } //如果取不到身份验证信息,并且不允许匿名访问,则返回未验证401 else { var attributes = actionContext.ActionDescriptor.GetCustomAttributes<AllowAnonymousAttribute>().OfType<AllowAnonymousAttribute>(); bool isAnonymous = attributes.Any(a => a is AllowAnonymousAttribute); if (isAnonymous) base.OnAuthorization(actionContext); else HandleUnauthorizedRequest(actionContext); } } //校验用户名密码(正式环境中应该是数据库校验) private bool ValidateTicket(string encryptTicket) { //解密Ticket var strTicket = FormsAuthentication.Decrypt(encryptTicket).UserData; //从Ticket里面获取用户名和密码 var index = strTicket.IndexOf("&"); string strUser = strTicket.Substring(0, index); string strPwd = strTicket.Substring(index + 1); if (strUser == "admin" && strPwd == "123456") { return true; } else { return false; } } }
[RequestAuthorize] public class ChargingController : ApiController { /// <summary> /// 得到所有数据 /// </summary> /// <returns>返回数据</returns> [HttpGet] public string GetAllChargingData() { return "Success"; } /// <summary> /// 得到当前Id的所有数据 /// </summary> /// <param name="id">参数Id</param> /// <returns>返回数据</returns> [HttpGet] public string GetAllChargingData(string id) { return "ChargingData" + id; } }
增加了特性标注之后,每次请求这个API里面的接口之前,程序会先进入到我们override过的 OnAuthorization() 方法里面,验证通过之后,才会进到相应的方法里面去执行,否则返回401。
优化
namespace WebApiCORS.Controllers { [RequestAuthorize] [EnableCors(origins: "*", headers: "*", methods: "*")] public class BaseApiController : ApiController { } }
namespace WebApiCORS.Controllers { public class ChargingController : BaseApiController { /// <summary> /// 得到所有数据 /// </summary> /// <returns>返回数据</returns> [HttpGet] public string GetAllChargingData() { return "Success"; } /// <summary> /// 得到当前Id的所有数据 /// </summary> /// <param name="id">参数Id</param> /// <returns>返回数据</returns> [HttpGet] public string GetAllChargingData(string id) { return "ChargingData" + id; } } }
解决ajax的问题
还记得我们在 JS组件系列——封装自己的JS组件,你也可以 这篇里面介绍的增加ajax的error事件的公共处理方法吗?我们是否也可以通过同样的机制去增加这个呢。新建一个文件Jquery_ajax_extention.js
(function ($) { //1.得到$.ajax的对象 var _ajax = $.ajax; $.ajax = function (options) { //2.每次调用发送ajax请求的时候定义默认的error处理方法 var fn = { error: function (XMLHttpRequest, textStatus, errorThrown) { toastr.error(XMLHttpRequest.responseText, '错误消息', { closeButton: true, timeOut: 0, positionClass: 'toast-top-full-width' }); }, success: function (data, textStatus) { }, beforeSend: function (XHR) { }, complete: function (XHR, TS) { } } //3.扩展原生的$.ajax方法,返回最新的参数 var _options = $.extend({}, { error: function (XMLHttpRequest, textStatus, errorThrown) { fn.error(XMLHttpRequest, textStatus, errorThrown); }, success: function (data, textStatus) { fn.success(data, textStatus); }, beforeSend: function (XHR) { XHR.setRequestHeader('Authorization', 'BasicAuth ' + Ticket); fn.beforeSend(XHR); }, complete: function (XHR, TS) { fn.complete(XHR, TS); } }, options); //4.将最新的参数传回ajax对象 _ajax(_options); }; })(jQuery);
解决特殊不想使用验证的方法
public class ChargingController : BaseApiController { /// <summary> /// 得到所有数据 /// </summary> /// <returns>返回数据</returns> [HttpGet] public string GetAllChargingData() { return "Success"; } /// <summary> /// 得到当前Id的所有数据 /// </summary> /// <param name="id">参数Id</param> /// <returns>返回数据</returns> [HttpGet] [AllowAnonymous] public string GetAllChargingData(string id) { return "ChargingData" + id; } }