leetcode 257. 二叉树的所有路径 包含(二叉树的先序遍历、中序遍历、后序遍历)

给定一个二叉树,返回所有从根节点到叶子节点的路径。

说明: 叶子节点是指没有子节点的节点。

示例:

输入:

1
/
2 3

5

输出: ["1->2->5", "1->3"]

解释: 所有根节点到叶子节点的路径为: 1->2->5, 1->3

首先来看递归版本:

 static void dfs(TreeNode root, String path, LinkedList<String> paths){
        if(root.left == null && root.right ==null){
            paths.add(path + root.val);
            return;
        }
        if(root.left != null) {
            dfs(root.left, path   + root.val + "->", paths);
        }
        if(root.right != null ) {
            dfs(root.right, path  + root.val + "->", paths);
        }
    }
    public static List<String> binaryTreePaths(TreeNode root) {
        LinkedList<String> paths = new LinkedList();
        //递归版本
//        dfs(root, "", paths);
        return paths;
    }

那么如何将其改为非递归版本呢,我们利用后序遍历模板与先序遍历模板来实现。

解法一

static void iteration(TreeNode root, LinkedList<String> paths) {

        Stack<TreeNode> s = new Stack<>();
        TreeNode p = root;
        TreeNode pre = null;

        while(p != null  ){
            s.push(p);
            p = p.left ;
        }

        while(!s.empty()){
            p = s.peek();
            if(p.right!=null && p.right != pre){
                p = p.right;
                while(p != null  ){
                    s.push(p);
                    p = p.left ;
                }
                pre =null;
            }
            else{
                if(pre == null ) {
                    paths.add(getPath(s, "->"));

                }
                pre = s.pop();
            }
        }
        System.out.println();
    }
    public static List<String> binaryTreePaths(TreeNode root) {
        LinkedList<String> paths = new LinkedList();
        //递归版本
//        dfs(root, "", paths);
        //非递归版本
        iteration(root, paths);
        return paths;
    }
private static String getPath(Stack<TreeNode> s, String sp) {
// Iterator<TreeNode> it = s.iterator();
StringBuilder buf = new StringBuilder();
// while (it.hasNext()) {
// if (buf.length() != 0) {
// buf.append(sp);
// }
// buf.append(String.valueOf(it.next().value));
// }

for(TreeNode node : s){
if (buf.length() != 0) {
buf.append(sp);
}
buf.append(String.valueOf(node.val));
}
return buf.toString();
}
 

解法二

class Solution {
    public List<String> binaryTreePaths(TreeNode root) {
        LinkedList<String> paths = new LinkedList();
        if (root == null)
            return paths;

        LinkedList<TreeNode> node_stack = new LinkedList();
        LinkedList<String> path_stack = new LinkedList();
        node_stack.add(root);
        path_stack.add(Integer.toString(root.val));
        TreeNode node;
        String path;
        while (!node_stack.isEmpty()) {
            node = node_stack.pollLast();
            path = path_stack.pollLast();
            if ((node.left == null) && (node.right == null))
                paths.add(path);
            if (node.left != null) {
                node_stack.add(node.left);
                path_stack.add(path + "->" + Integer.toString(node.left.val));
            }
            if (node.right != null) {
                node_stack.add(node.right);
                path_stack.add(path + "->" + Integer.toString(node.right.val));
            }
        }
        return paths;
    }
}

 在这里我们用两种模板完整地实现二叉树的先序遍历,中序遍历,后序遍历。

思想一:  在从栈里弹出节点的时候,此时压入左右节点

public static void  PreOrderTraversal(TreeNode root){
        Stack<TreeNode> s = new Stack<>();

        TreeNode p = root;
        s.push(p);
        while(!s.empty()){

            TreeNode node = s.pop();
            if(node == null ){
                continue;
            }
            System.out.print(node.val+" ");
            if(node.right != null ) {
                s.push(node.right);
            }
            if(node.left != null ){
                s.push(node.left);
            }
        }
        System.out.println();
    }
    

    public static void  PostOrderTraversal(TreeNode root){
        List<Integer> res = new ArrayList<>();
        Stack<TreeNode> s = new Stack<>();

        TreeNode p = root;
        s.push(p);
        while(!s.empty()){

            TreeNode node = s.pop();
            if(node == null ){
                continue;
            }
//            System.out.print(node.val+" ");
            res.add(node.val);
            if(node.left != null ) {
                s.push(node.left);
            }
            if(node.right != null ){
                s.push(node.right);
            }
        }
        Collections.reverse(res);
        System.out.println(res);
    }

 思想二: 从栈中弹出节点的时候,一直压入左孩子,直到为空,对于栈顶节点来说,如果有右孩子,压入右孩子,否则一直弹。

                   后序遍历比较特殊,对于某一节点来说,需要判断是从左右节点哪个节点访问。

    public static void  PreOrderWithoutRecursion(TreeNode root){
        Stack<TreeNode> s = new Stack<>();

        TreeNode p = root;
        while(p != null || !s.empty()){
            if(p != null  ){
                System.out.print(p.val +" ");
                s.push(p);
                p = p.left ;
            }

            else{
                p = s.pop();
                p = p .right;

            }
        }
        System.out.println();
    }

    public static void  InOrderWithoutRecursion(TreeNode root){
        Stack<TreeNode> s = new Stack<>();

        TreeNode p = root;
        while(p != null || !s.empty()){
            if(p != null  ){
                s.push(p);
                p = p.left ;
            }

            else{
                p = s.pop();
                System.out.print(p.val +" ");
                p = p.right;

            }
        }
        System.out.println();
    }

    public static void  PostOrderWithoutRecursion(TreeNode root){
        Stack<TreeNode> s = new Stack<>();

        TreeNode p = root;
        TreeNode pLastVistNode = null;

        while(p != null  ){
            s.push(p);
            p = p.left ;
        }

        while(!s.empty()){
            p = s.pop();
            if( p.right == null || p.right == pLastVistNode){
                System.out.print(p.val+" ");
                pLastVistNode = p;
            }
            else{
                s.push(p);
                p = p.right;
                while(p != null){
                    s.push(p);
                    p = p.left;
                }
            }
        }
        System.out.println();
    }

原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/xianbin7/p/11435042.html