JDBC

一、JDBC是什么

JDBC:java database connectivity

二、JDBC本质

JDBC 是sun公司提供的一套接口
接口都有调用者和实现者,面向接口调用,面向接口写实现类,都属于面向接口编程

为什么要面向接口编程:
    为了解耦合,降低程序的耦合度,提高程序的扩展力。
    比如:多态就是典型的面向抽象编程
    Animal a = new Dog();

三、JDBC开发前的准备

先从对应的官网中下载对应的驱动jar包,配置到IDEA中

配置的截图

四、JDBC开发六步

1.注册驱动:告诉Java程序将要连接的是哪个品牌的数据库
2.获取连接:表示jvm和数据库之间的进程通道打开了,这属于进程之间的通信,使用之后一定要关闭
3.获取数据库操作对象(执行sql语句的对象)
4.执行sql语句
5.处理查询结果集:只有第四步执行的是select语句时才有第五步
6.释放资源:java程序和数据库是进程之间的通信,使用之后一定要关闭

// 示例1:sql语句是insert,所有没有上述第五步处理查询结果集
import com.mysql.jdbc.Driver;
import java.sql.Connection;
import java.sql.DriverManager;
import java.sql.SQLException;
import java.sql.Statement;

public class JdbcTest01 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        

            //1.注册驱动,这里目的要把class文件加载一下,后续还有另外一种方式实现
        java.sql.Driver driver = null;
        // 写在这里是因为下边finally要用到,所以声明为全局的
        Connection con = null;
        Statement state = null;
        try {
            driver = new Driver(); //多态,父类型引用指向子类对象;java.sql.Driver是接口,jdbc中的Driver是实现类
            DriverManager.registerDriver(driver);
            //2.获取连接
            String url = "jdbc:mysql://127.0.0.1/firstbase";
            String userName = "root";
            String password = "123456";
            con = DriverManager.getConnection(url,userName,password);
            System.out.println("数据库连接对象是:" + con);
            //3.获取数据库操作对象(专门执行sql语句的对象)
            state = con.createStatement();
            //4.执行sql语句
            String sql = "insert into dept(deptno, dname, loc) values(60, 'SALES', 'NEWYORK')";
            int count = state.executeUpdate(sql);
            System.out.println(count == 1 ? "保存成功" : "保存失败");
        } catch (SQLException throwables) {
            throwables.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
            //5.释放资源,为了保证资源一定释放,在finally语句中关闭资源,并且遵循从小到大依次关闭,分别try catch
            if (state != null){
                try {
                    state.close();
                } catch (SQLException throwables) {
                    throwables.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
            if (con != null){
                try{
                    con.close();
            } catch (SQLException throwables) {
                throwables.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
        }
    }
}

// 示例2:delete 和 update
import java.sql.*;

public class JdbcTest02 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {

        Driver driver = null;
        Connection con = null;
        Statement state = null;

        try {
            //1.注册驱动
            DriverManager.registerDriver(new com.mysql.jdbc.Driver());
            //2.获取连接
            con = DriverManager.getConnection("jdbc:mysql://127.0.0.1:3306/firstbase","root","123456");
            //3.获取数据库执行对象
            state = con.createStatement();
            //4.执行sql语句;jdbc中sql语句不需要写分号
//            String sql = "delete from dept where deptno = 50 ";   //删除语句
            String sql = "update dept set dname = 'zhangsan' where deptno = 10 "; // 修改语句
            int count = state.executeUpdate(sql);
            System.out.println(count == 1 ? "删除成功" : "删除失败");
        } catch (SQLException throwables) {
            throwables.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
            if (state != null){
                try {
                    state.close();
                } catch (SQLException throwables) {
                    throwables.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
            if (con != null){
                try {
                    con.close();
                } catch (SQLException throwables) {
                    throwables.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
        }
    }
}

//示例3:注册驱动的另一种常用的写法
import java.sql.Connection;
import java.sql.DriverManager;
import java.sql.SQLException;

public class JdbcTest03 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        //1.注册驱动的另外一种方式(比较常用)
        try {
            //这里不需要接收返回值,因为只需要这个加载的动作,这个在源码中有静态代码块,只需要加载就执行了
            //这种方式常用是因为接收的是一个字符串,可以写到配置文件.properities中
            Class.forName("com.mysql.jdbc.Driver");
        //2.获取连接
            Connection con = DriverManager.getConnection("jdbc:mysql://127.0.0.1:3306/firstbase","root","123456");
            System.out.println(con); //这里打印出con对象,表示获取连接成功
        } catch (ClassNotFoundException | SQLException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
}
//实例4:使用资源绑定器绑定属性文件
import java.util.ResourceBundle;
import java.sql.*;

public class JdbcTest04 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        //使用资源绑定器绑定属性配置文件
        ResourceBundle bundle = ResourceBundle.getBundle("jdbc");
        String jdbc = bundle.getString("jdc");
        String url = bundle.getString("url");
        String userName = bundle.getString("userName");
        String password = bundle.getString("password");

        Connection con = null;
        Statement state = null;
        try {
            //1.注册驱动
            Class.forName(jdbc);
            //2.获取连接
            con = DriverManager.getConnection(url,userName,password);
            //3.获取数据库操作对象
            state = con.createStatement();
            //4.执行sql语句
            String sql = "insert into dept(deptno, dname, loc) values(60, 'SALES', 'NEWYORK')";
            int count = state.executeUpdate(sql);
            System.out.println(count == 1 ? "保存成功" : "保存失败");
        } catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } catch (SQLException throwables) {
            throwables.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
            if (state != null){
                try {
                    state.close();
                } catch (SQLException throwables) {
                    throwables.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
            if (con != null){
                try {
                    con.close();
                } catch (SQLException throwables) {
                    throwables.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
        }
    }
}
// 实例5:处理查询结果集
import java.sql.*;

public class JdbcTest05 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Connection con = null;
        Statement state = null;
        ResultSet rs = null;
        try {
            Class.forName("com.mysql.jdbc.Driver");
            con = DriverManager.getConnection("jdbc:mysql://127.0.0.1:3306/firstbase", "root", "123456");
            state = con.createStatement();
            String sql = "select * from dept";
            rs = state.executeQuery(sql); //这里rs就是查询结果集
            while(rs.next()) {  //rs.next()返回布尔类型,如果rs一下行有数据返回true,否则返回false
                String deptno = rs.getString("deptno"); //rs.getString()参数可以是数字1,2,3表示第几列,或者是传字段名
                String dname = rs.getString("dname");
                String loc = rs.getString("loc");
                System.out.println(deptno + "	" + dname + "	" + loc);
            }
        } catch (ClassNotFoundException | SQLException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
            if (rs != null){
                try {
                    rs.close();
                } catch (SQLException throwables) {
                    throwables.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
            if (state != null){
                try {
                    state.close();
                } catch (SQLException throwables) {
                    throwables.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
            if (con != null){
                try {
                    con.close();
                } catch (SQLException throwables) {
                    throwables.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
        }
    }
}

When nothing seems to help, I go look at a stonecutter hammering away at his rock, perhaps a hundred times without as much as a crack showing in it. Yet at the hundred and first blow it will split in two, and I know it was not that blow that did it, but all that had gone before. -- Jacob Riis
原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/xhwy-1234/p/13934024.html