基本要求：
为复数定义一个类。重载输入和输出运算符>>和<<。实现复数的+，-，*，/等运算。输出复数时，应对实部和虚部的各种情况加以讨论。以便能输出2,2+3i，2-3i，5i，-8i，i与-i这样的复数。
复数的四则运算可以按如下方式进行：
1 #include<iostream> 2 using namespace std; 3 #include<windows.h> 4 5 //复数类 6 class complexnumber 7 { 8 private: 9 float real; 10 float imag; 11 public: 12 friend istream& operator >>(istream& in,complexnumber &temple);//重载输入运算符 13 friend ostream& operator <<(ostream& out,complexnumber &temple);//重载输出运算符 14 friend complexnumber operator +(complexnumber t1,complexnumber t2);//重载加法运算符 15 friend complexnumber operator -(complexnumber t1,complexnumber t2);//重载减法运算符 16 friend complexnumber operator *(complexnumber t1,complexnumber t2);//重载乘法运算符 17 friend complexnumber operator /(complexnumber t1,complexnumber t2);//重载除法运算符 18 }; 19 20 //重载输入运算符 21 istream& operator >>(istream& in,complexnumber &temple) 22 { 23 cout<<"实部 虚部"<<endl; 24 in>>temple.real>>temple.imag; 25 return in; 26 } 27 28 //重载输出运算符 29 ostream& operator <<(ostream& out,complexnumber &temple) 30 { 31 if(temple.real==0) 32 { 33 if(temple.imag==0) 34 { 35 cout<<0<<endl; 36 } 37 else if(temple.imag==1) 38 { 39 out<<"i"<<endl; 40 } 41 else if(temple.imag==-1) 42 { 43 out<<"-i"<<endl; 44 } 45 else 46 { 47 out<<temple.imag<<"i"<<endl; 48 } 49 } 50 else 51 { 52 out<<temple.real; 53 if(temple.imag>0) 54 { 55 out<<"+"; 56 } 57 if(temple.imag!=0) 58 { 59 out<<temple.imag<<"i"<<endl; 60 } 61 } 62 return out; 63 } 64 65 //重载加法运算符 66 complexnumber operator +(complexnumber t1,complexnumber t2) 67 { 68 complexnumber temple; 69 temple.real=t1.real+t2.real; 70 temple.imag=t1.imag+t2.imag; 71 return temple; 72 } 73 74 //重载减法运算符 75 complexnumber operator -(complexnumber t1,complexnumber t2) 76 { 77 complexnumber temple; 78 temple.real=t1.real-t2.real; 79 temple.imag=t1.imag-t2.imag; 80 return temple; 81 } 82 83 //重载乘法运算符 84 complexnumber operator *(complexnumber t1,complexnumber t2) 85 { 86 complexnumber temple; 87 temple.real=(t1.real*t2.real)-(t1.imag*t2.imag); 88 temple.imag=(t1.imag*t2.real)+(t1.real*t2.imag); 89 return temple; 90 } 91 92 //重载除法运算符 93 complexnumber operator /(complexnumber t1,complexnumber t2) 94 { 95 complexnumber temple; 96 temple.real=((t1.real*t2.real)+(t1.imag*t2.imag))/((t2.real*t2.real)+(t2.imag*t2.imag)); 97 temple.imag=((t1.imag*t2.real)-(t1.real*t2.imag))/((t2.real*t2.real)+(t2.imag*t2.imag)); 98 return temple; 99 } 100 101 int main() 102 { 103 system("color f3"); 104 int select; 105 complexnumber ob1,ob2,ob; 106 do 107 { 108 cout<<"*******************************"<<endl;//菜单 109 cout<<"* 复数计算器 *"<<endl; 110 cout<<"*******************************"<<endl; 111 cout<<"*1------------------------加法*"<<endl; 112 cout<<"*2------------------------减法*"<<endl; 113 cout<<"*3------------------------乘法*"<<endl; 114 cout<<"*4------------------------除法*"<<endl; 115 cout<<"*0------------------------退出*"<<endl; 116 cout<<"*******************************"<<endl; 117 cout<<"请输入你的选择："; 118 cin>>select; 119 switch(select) 120 { 121 case 1: cout<<endl<<"加法:"<<endl; 122 cout<<"请输入第一个复数的值："<<endl; 123 cin>>ob1; 124 cout<<"第一个复数为："<<ob1<<endl; 125 cout<<"请输入第二个复数的值："<<endl; 126 cin>>ob2; 127 cout<<"第二个复数为："<<ob2<<endl; 128 system("pause"); 129 ob=ob1+ob2; 130 system("cls"); 131 cout<<"第一个复数为："<<ob1<<endl; 132 cout<<"第二个复数为："<<ob2<<endl; 133 cout<<"两数之和为："<<ob<<endl; 134 system("pause"); 135 system("cls"); 136 break; 137 case 2: cout<<endl<<"减法:"<<endl; 138 cout<<"请输入第一个复数的值："<<endl; 139 cin>>ob1; 140 cout<<"第一个复数为："<<ob1<<endl; 141 cout<<"请输入第二个复数的值："<<endl; 142 cin>>ob2; 143 cout<<"第二个复数为："<<ob2<<endl; 144 system("pause"); 145 ob=ob1-ob2; 146 system("cls"); 147 cout<<"第一个复数为："<<ob1<<endl; 148 cout<<"第二个复数为："<<ob2<<endl; 149 cout<<"两数之差为："<<ob<<endl; 150 system("pause"); 151 system("cls"); 152 break; 153 case 3: cout<<endl<<"乘法:"<<endl; 154 cout<<"请输入第一个复数的值："<<endl; 155 cin>>ob1; 156 cout<<"第一个复数为："<<ob1<<endl; 157 cout<<"请输入第二个复数的值："<<endl; 158 cin>>ob2; 159 cout<<"第二个复数为："<<ob2<<endl; 160 system("pause"); 161 ob=ob1*ob2; 162 system("cls"); 163 cout<<"第一个复数为："<<ob1<<endl; 164 cout<<"第二个复数为："<<ob2<<endl; 165 cout<<"两数之积为:"<<ob<<endl; 166 system("pause"); 167 system("cls"); 168 break; 169 case 4: cout<<endl<<"除法:"<<endl; 170 cout<<"请输入第一个复数的值："<<endl; 171 cin>>ob1; 172 cout<<"第一个复数为："<<ob1<<endl; 173 cout<<"请输入第二个复数的值："<<endl; 174 cin>>ob2; 175 cout<<"第二个复数为："<<ob2<<endl; 176 system("pause"); 177 ob=ob1/ob2; 178 system("cls"); 179 cout<<"第一个复数为："<<ob1<<endl; 180 cout<<"第二个复数为："<<ob2<<endl; 181 cout<<"两数之商为:"<<ob<<endl; 182 system("pause"); 183 system("cls"); 184 break; 185 } 186 }while(select!=0); 187 system("cls"); 188 cout<<"欢迎使用！！"<<endl; 189 return 0; 190 }