Java中的流

字节流和字符流。字节流继承于InputStream、OutputStream，字符流继承于Reader、Writer

1.实现文件拷贝

import java.io.FileInputStream;
import java.io.FileOutputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.io.OutputStream;
import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
import java.nio.channels.FileChannel;

public final class MyUtil {

    private MyUtil() {
        throw new AssertionError();
    }

    public static void fileCopy(String source, String target) throws IOException {
        try (InputStream in = new FileInputStream(source)) {
            try (OutputStream out = new FileOutputStream(target)) {
                byte[] buffer = new byte[4096];
                int bytesToRead;
                while((bytesToRead = in.read(buffer)) != -1) {
                    out.write(buffer, 0, bytesToRead);
                }
            }
        }
    }

    public static void fileCopyNIO(String source, String target) throws IOException {
        try (FileInputStream in = new FileInputStream(source)) {
            try (FileOutputStream out = new FileOutputStream(target)) {
                FileChannel inChannel = in.getChannel();
                FileChannel outChannel = out.getChannel();
                ByteBuffer buffer = ByteBuffer.allocate(4096);
                while(inChannel.read(buffer) != -1) {
                    buffer.flip();
                    outChannel.write(buffer);
                    buffer.clear();
                }
            }
        }
    }
}

上面用到Java 7的TWR，使用TWR后可以不用在finally中释放外部资源 ，从而让代码更加优雅。

try-with-resources语句是声明了一个或多个资源的try语句块。在java中资源作为一个对象，在程序完成后必须关闭

2.写一个方法，输入一个文件名和一个字符串，统计这个字符串在这个文件中出现的次数

import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.FileReader;

public final class MyUtil {

    // 工具类中的方法都是静态方式访问的因此将构造器私有不允许创建对象(绝对好习惯)
    private MyUtil() {
        throw new AssertionError();
    }

    /**
     * 统计给定文件中给定字符串的出现次数
     * 
     * @param filename  文件名
     * @param word 字符串
     * @return 字符串在文件中出现的次数
     */
    public static int countWordInFile(String filename, String word) {
        int counter = 0;
        try (FileReader fr = new FileReader(filename)) {
            try (BufferedReader br = new BufferedReader(fr)) {
                String line = null;
                while ((line = br.readLine()) != null) {
                    int index = -1;
                    while (line.length() >= word.length() && (index = line.indexOf(word)) >= 0) {
                        counter++;
                        line = line.substring(index + word.length());
                    }
                }
            }
        } catch (Exception ex) {
            ex.printStackTrace();
        }
        return counter;
    }

}