GenericAPIView基类
GenericAPIView是继承APIView的，使用完全兼容APIView
重点：GenericAPIView在APIView基础上完成了哪些事
1）get_queryset()：从类属性queryset中获得model的queryset数据
2）get_object()：从类属性queryset中获得model的queryset数据，再通过有名分组pk确定唯一操作对象
3）get_serializer()：从类属性serializer_class中获得serializer的序列化类
urlpatterns = [
url(r'^v2/books/$', views.BookGenericAPIView.as_view()),
url(r'^v2/books/(?P<pk>.*)/$', views.BookGenericAPIView.as_view()),
]
from rest_framework.generics import GenericAPIView
class BookGenericAPIView(GenericAPIView):
queryset = models.Book.objects.filter(is_delete=False)
serializer_class = serializers.BookModelSerializer
# 自定义主键的 有名分组 名
lookup_field = 'pk'
# 群取
# def get(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
# book_query = self.get_queryset()
# book_ser = self.get_serializer(book_query, many=True)
# book_data = book_ser.data
# return APIResponse(results=book_data)
# 单取
def get(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
book_query = self.get_object()
book_ser = self.get_serializer(book_query)
book_data = book_ser.data
return APIResponse(results=book_data)
mixins视图工具集 - 辅助GenericAPIView
1）mixins包提供了五大工具类和六大工具方法，
五个工具类:RetrieveModelMixin, ListModelMixin, CreateModelMixin,DestroyModelMixin,UpdateModelMixin
六个工具方法：单查、群查、单增、单删、单整体改、单局部改
2）继承工具类可以简化请求函数的实现体，但是必须继承GenericAPIView，需要GenericAPIView类提供的几个类属性和方法
(见上方GenericAPIView基类知识点)
3）工具类的工具方法返回值都是Response类型对象，如果要格式化数据格式再返回给前台，可以通过 response.data 拿到工具方法
返回的Response类型对象的响应数据
urlpatterns = [
url(r'^v3/books/$', views.BookMixinGenericAPIView.as_view()),
url(r'^v3/books/(?P<pk>.*)/$', views.BookMixinGenericAPIView.as_view()),
]
from rest_framework.mixins import ListModelMixin, CreateModelMixin, RetrieveModelMixin, UpdateModelMixin
class BookMixinGenericAPIView(ListModelMixin, CreateModelMixin, RetrieveModelMixin, UpdateModelMixin, GenericAPIView):
queryset = models.Book.objects.filter(is_delete=False)
serializer_class = serializers.BookModelSerializer
def get(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
if 'pk' in kwargs:
response = self.retrieve(request, *args, **kwargs)
else:
# mixins提供的list方法的响应对象是Response，想将该对象格式化为APIResponse
response = self.list(request, *args, **kwargs)
# response的数据都存放在response.data中
return APIResponse(results=response.data)
def post(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
response = self.create(request, *args, **kwargs)
return APIResponse(results=response.data)
def put(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
response = self.update(request, *args, **kwargs)
return APIResponse(results=response.data)
def patch(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
response = self.partial_update(request, *args, **kwargs)
return APIResponse(results=response.data)
工具视图:
1）工具视图都是GenericAPIView的子类,不同的子类继承了不听的工具类，重写了请求方法
-1:CreateAPIView：提供post方法,继承自GenericAPIView、CreateModelMixin
-2:ListAPIView：提供get方法,继承自mixins.ListModelMixin,GenericAPIView
-3:RetrieveAPIView:提供了get方法,继承自GenericAPIView、RetrieveModelMixin
-4:RetrieveUpdateAPIView:提供get,put,patch方法,继承自： GenericAPIView、RetrieveModelMixin,
UpdateModelMixin
-5:UpdateAPIView:提供了put,patch方法,继承自GenericAPIView、UpdateModelMixin
-6:DestroyAPIView:提供了delete方法,继承自GenericAPIView、DestoryModelMixin
-7:RetrieveUpdateDestroyAPIView:提供了get,put,patch,delete方法,继承自：GenericAPIView、
RetrieveModelMixin、UpdateModelMixin、DestoryModelMixin
2）工具视图的功能如果直接可以满足需求，只需要继承工具视图，提供queryset与serializer_class即可
urlpatterns = [
url(r'^v4/books/$', views.BookListCreatePIView.as_view()),
url(r'^v4/books/(?P<pk>.*)/$', views.BookListCreatePIView.as_view()),
]
from rest_framework.generics import ListCreateAPIView, UpdateAPIView
class BookListCreatePIView(ListCreateAPIView, UpdateAPIView):
queryset = models.Book.objects.filter(is_delete=False)
serializer_class = serializers.BookModelSerializer
视图集
1）视图集都是优先继承ViewSetMixin类，再继承一个视图类（GenericAPIView或APIView）
GenericViewSet、ViewSet
2）ViewSetMixin提供了重写的as_view()方法，继承视图集的视图类，配置路由时调用as_view()必须传入字典:请求名-函数名
eg: url(r'^v5/books/$', views.BookGenericViewSet.as_view({'get': 'my_get_list'})),
表示get请求会交给my_get_list视图函数处理
urlpatterns = [
# View的as_view()：将get请求映射到视图类的get方法
# ViewSet的as_view({'get': 'my_get_list'})：将get请求映射到视图类的my_get_list方法
url(r'^v5/books/$', views.BookGenericViewSet.as_view({'get': 'my_get_list'})),
url(r'^v5/books/(?P<pk>.*)/$', views.BookGenericViewSet.as_view({'get': 'my_get_obj'})),
]
from rest_framework.viewsets import GenericViewSet
from rest_framework import mixins
class BookGenericViewSet(mixins.RetrieveModelMixin, mixins.ListModelMixin, GenericViewSet):
queryset = models.Book.objects.filter(is_delete=False)
serializer_class = serializers.BookModelSerializer
def my_get_list(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
return self.list(request, *args, **kwargs)
def my_get_obj(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
return self.retrieve(request, *args, **kwargs)
GenericAPIView 与 APIView 两大继承视图的区别
1）GenericViewSet和ViewSet都继承了ViewSetMixin，as_view都可以配置 请求-函数映射,调用as_view()传入
字典,如{'get':'list'}
2）GenericViewSet继承的是GenericAPIView视图类，用来完成标准的 model 类操作接口 3）ViewSet继承的是APIView视图类，用来完成不需要 model 类参与，或是非标准的 model 类操作接口 post请求在标准的 model 类操作下就是新增接口，登陆的post不满足 post请求验证码的接口，不需要 model 类的参与
案例：登陆的post请求并不是完成数据的新增，只是用post提交数据，得到的结果也不是登陆的用户信息，而是登陆的认证信息