python_day7

一:类和对象

1.定义类,类的实例化,类方法调用

class Turtle:#python中类名约定以大写字母开头
    #属性
    color:'green'
    weight:10
    legs:4
    shell=True
    mouth:'大嘴'
    #方法
    def climb(self):
        print('我正在很努力的向前爬')
    def run(self):
        print('我正在得快的跑')
    def eat(self):
        print('吃东西啦')
tt=Turtle()
tt.climb()

2.继承

MyList继承列表list

class MyList(list):
    pass
list2=MyList()
list2.append(2)
list2.append(1)
list2.append(9)
for each in list2:
    print(each)
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3.多态

class A:
    def fun(self):
        print('我是小A')
class B:
    def fun(self):
        print('我是小B')
a=A()
b=B()
a.fun()
b.fun()
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4.self参数指代对象自身,相当于this

class Ball():
    def setName(self,name):
        self.name=name
    def kick(self):
        print('我叫%s' %self.name)
a=Ball()
a.setName('土豆')
a.kick()
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5.公有和私有(伪私有)

class Person:
    name='小甲鱼'
>>> p=Person()
>>> p.name
'小甲鱼'


>>> class Person:
    __name='小甲鱼'    
>>> p=Person()
>>> p.name
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<pyshell#10>", line 1, in <module>
    p.name
AttributeError: 'Person' object has no attribute 'name'

>>> class Person:
    __name='小甲鱼'
    def getName(self):
        return self.__name
>>> p=Person()
>>> p.getName()
'小甲鱼'
>>> p._Person__name
'小甲鱼'
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 6._init_(self)构造方法,即构造函数

class Ball:
    def __init__(self,name):
        self.name=name
    def kick(self):
        print('我叫%s' %self.name)
b=Ball('土豆')
b.kick()
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7.继承

>>> import random as r
>>> class Fish:
    def __init__(self):
        self.x=r.randint(0,10)
        slef.y=r.randint(0,10)
    def move(self):
        self.x-=1
        print('我的位置是:',self.x,self.y)
       
>>> class Goldfish(Fish):
    pass

>>> class Shark(Fish):
    def __init__(self):
        self.hungry=True
    def eat(self):
        if self.hungry:
            print('吃东西啦')
            self.hungry=False
        else:
            print('太撑了,吃不下啦')
       
>>> fish=Fish()
>>> fish.move()
我的位置是: 1 7
>>> fish.move()
我的位置是: 0 7
 
>>> goldfish=GoldFish()
>>> goldfish.move()
我的位置是: 5 3

>>> shark=Shark()
>>> shark.eat()
吃东西啦 
>>> shark.eat()
太撑了,吃不下啦


>>> shark.move()
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<pyshell#39>", line 1, in <module>
    shark.move()
  File "<pyshell#23>", line 6, in move
    self.x-=1
AttributeError: 'Shark' object has no attribute 'x'
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上面例子中shark.move()方法调用出错,因为没有继承父类中的变量。

如果想不报错一是调用未绑定的父类方法:

>>> class Shark2(Fish):
    def _init_(self):
        Fish._init_(self)
        self.hungry=True

    
>>> shark2=Shark2()
>>> shark2.move()
我的位置是: -1 8

调用super函数:

>>> class Shark2(Fish):
    def _init_():
        super._init_()
        self.hungry=True

        
>>> shark=Shark2()
>>> shark.move()
我的位置是: 5 1

8.组合

class Turtle:
    def __init__(self,x):
        self.num=x
class Fish:
    def __init__(self,x):
        self.num=x
class Pool:
    def __init__(self,x,y):
        self.turtle=Turtle(x)
        self.fish=Fish(y)
    def print_num(self):
        print('水池里一共有%d只乌龟,%d只鱼' %(self.turtle.num,self.fish.num))
pool=Pool(1,10)
pool.print_num()
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二:类,类对象,实例对象

三:一些相关的BIF

1.issubclass()

>>> class A:
    pass

>>> class B(A):
    pass

>>> issubclass(B,A)
True
>>> issubclass(B,B)#一个类被认为是自身的自类
True
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2.isinstance()

>>> b1=B()
>>> isinstance(b1,B)
True
>>> isinstance(b1,A)
True
>>> isinstance(b1,(A,B))
True
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3.hasattr()

class Coordinate:
    x = 10
    y = -5
    z = 0


point1 = Coordinate()
print(hasattr(point1, 'x'))
print(hasattr(point1, 'y'))
print(hasattr(point1, 'z'))
print(hasattr(point1, 'no'))  # 没有该属性
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4.getattr()

class Coordinate:
    x = 10
    y = -5
    z = 0


point1 = Coordinate()
print(getattr(point1,'x'))
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5.setattr()

class Coordinate:
    x = 10
    y = -5
    z = 0


point1 = Coordinate()
setattr(point1,'w',9)
print(getattr(point1,'w'))
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6.delattr()

7.property()

 四:魔法方法,魔法方法总是被双下划线包围,例如_init_()

1.构造和析构
_init_(self[,...]) 
_del_析构函数
>>> class C:
    def __init__(self):
        print('我是init')
    def __del__(self):
        print('我是del')
        
>>> c1=C()
我是init
>>> c2=c1
>>> del c2
>>> del c1
我是del
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2.算术运算

 1 >>> class New_int(int):
 2     def __add__(self, other):
 3         return int.__sub__(self,other)
 4     def __sub__(self, other):
 5         return int.__add__(self,other)
 6 
 7 >>> a=New_int(3)
 8 >>> b=New_int(5)
 9 >>> a-b
10 8
11  
12 >>> a+b
13 -2
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3.简单定制

4.属性访问

5.描述符(Property的原理)

6.定制序列

7.迭代器

 
 
 
 
 
原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/wwq1204/p/10711018.html