包括 namenode 和 datanode 在内都没有启动。JPS查看不到除了它本身之外的任何进程
查看 out 文件内容如下：
1 2020-10-19 20:10:50,206 ERROR [main] namenode.NameNode (NameNode.java:1587) - Failed to start namenode.
2 java.net.SocketException: Permission denied
3 at sun.nio.ch.Net.bind0(Native Method) ~[?:1.8.0_191]
4 at sun.nio.ch.Net.bind(Net.java:433) ~[?:1.8.0_191]
5 at sun.nio.ch.Net.bind(Net.java:425) ~[?:1.8.0_191]
6 at sun.nio.ch.ServerSocketChannelImpl.bind(ServerSocketChannelImpl.java:223) ~[?:1.8.0_191]
7 at sun.nio.ch.ServerSocketAdaptor.bind(ServerSocketAdaptor.java:74) ~[?:1.8.0_191]
8 at org.mortbay.jetty.nio.SelectChannelConnector.open(SelectChannelConnector.java:216) ~[jetty-6.1.26.jar:6.1.26] 9 at org.apache.hadoop.http.HttpServer2.openListeners(HttpServer2.java:934) ~[hadoop-common-2.7.7.jar:?]
10 at org.apache.hadoop.http.HttpServer2.start(HttpServer2.java:876) ~[hadoop-common-2.7.7.jar:?]
11 at org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.server.namenode.NameNodeHttpServer.start(NameNodeHttpServer.java:142) ~[hadoop-hdfs-2. 7.7.jar:?]
12 at org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.server.namenode.NameNode.startHttpServer(NameNode.java:761) ~[hadoop-hdfs-2.7.7.jar:?] 13 at org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.server.namenode.NameNode.initialize(NameNode.java:640) ~[hadoop-hdfs-2.7.7.jar:?]
14 at org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.server.namenode.NameNode.<init>(NameNode.java:820) ~[hadoop-hdfs-2.7.7.jar:?]
15 at org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.server.namenode.NameNode.<init>(NameNode.java:804) ~[hadoop-hdfs-2.7.7.jar:?]
16 at org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.server.namenode.NameNode.createNameNode(NameNode.java:1516) ~[hadoop-hdfs-2.7.7.jar:?] 17 at org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.server.namenode.NameNode.main(NameNode.java:1582) [hadoop-hdfs-2.7.7.jar:?]
查看 log 文件报错部分如下：
73 2020-10-19 20:10:50,024 INFO org.apache.hadoop.http.HttpServer2: Added filter static_user_filter (class=org.apache.h adoop.http.lib.StaticUserWebFilter$StaticUserFilter) to context logs
74 2020-10-19 20:10:50,168 INFO org.apache.hadoop.http.HttpServer2: Added filter 'org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.web.AuthFilter ' (class=org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.web.AuthFilter)
75 2020-10-19 20:10:50,169 INFO org.apache.hadoop.http.HttpServer2: addJerseyResourcePackage: packageName=org.apache.ha doop.hdfs.server.namenode.web.resources;org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.web.resources, pathSpec=/webhdfs/v1/*
76 2020-10-19 20:10:50,200 INFO org.apache.hadoop.http.HttpServer2: HttpServer.start() threw a non Bind IOException
77 java.net.SocketException: Permission denied
78 at sun.nio.ch.Net.bind0(Native Method)
79 at sun.nio.ch.Net.bind(Net.java:433)
80 at sun.nio.ch.Net.bind(Net.java:425)
81 at sun.nio.ch.ServerSocketChannelImpl.bind(ServerSocketChannelImpl.java:223)
82 at sun.nio.ch.ServerSocketAdaptor.bind(ServerSocketAdaptor.java:74)
83 at org.mortbay.jetty.nio.SelectChannelConnector.open(SelectChannelConnector.java:216)
84 at org.apache.hadoop.http.HttpServer2.openListeners(HttpServer2.java:934)
85 at org.apache.hadoop.http.HttpServer2.start(HttpServer2.java:876)
86 at org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.server.namenode.NameNodeHttpServer.start(NameNodeHttpServer.java:142)
87 at org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.server.namenode.NameNode.startHttpServer(NameNode.java:761)
88 at org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.server.namenode.NameNode.initialize(NameNode.java:640)
89 at org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.server.namenode.NameNode.<init>(NameNode.java:820)
90 at org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.server.namenode.NameNode.<init>(NameNode.java:804)
91 at org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.server.namenode.NameNode.createNameNode(NameNode.java:1516)
92 at org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.server.namenode.NameNode.main(NameNode.java:1582)
93 2020-10-19 20:10:50,202 INFO org.apache.hadoop.metrics2.impl.MetricsSystemImpl: Stopping NameNode metrics system...
94 2020-10-19 20:10:50,203 INFO org.apache.hadoop.metrics2.impl.MetricsSystemImpl: NameNode metrics system stopped.
95 2020-10-19 20:10:50,203 INFO org.apache.hadoop.metrics2.impl.MetricsSystemImpl: NameNode metrics system shutdown com plete.
96 2020-10-19 20:10:50,217 INFO org.apache.hadoop.util.ExitUtil: Exiting with status 1
还不知道问题出在何处，网上各种搜都搜不到。只有官方的一篇FAQ里面讲到了出现这种报错，里面给的解释是说程序使用到了一个小于 1024 的端口，但是我查遍了所有配置文件，没有哪里用到了小于1024的端口。
而这个问题出现在我本机安装了 docker desktop 之后，于是就怀疑是不是这个影响了什么。但是也毫无头绪，准备卸载 docker for windows 试试。
卸载了 docker 也没用。搞了几天之后，在 docker 里面安装 docker-hive 也启动不了报错。然后拿着报错去网上搜，在 stackoverflow 上发现了有人说有一部分端口被保留不允许绑定，并且给了一条命令
netsh interface ipv4 show excludedportrange protocol=tcp
执行命令之后，得到如下结果：
（上图结果是我修改后的）
于是我就去百度查“管理的端口排除”，得到了这篇文章，到此，终于明白是怎么回事了！！
是装 docker for windows 前开启了 Hyper-V，系统保留了一部分端口给 Hyper-V。按照前面那篇文章的说法去做（修改动态端口范围），然后就可以正常启动hadoop了