设置窗口风格
'''
窗口、绘图与特效：设置窗口风格
设置窗口中控件的风格
QApplication.setStyle(...)
'''
import sys
from PyQt5.QtWidgets import *
from PyQt5.QtCore import *
from PyQt5 import QtCore
from PyQt5.QtGui import *
class WindowStyle(QWidget):
def __init__(self):
super().__init__()
self.setWindowTitle('设置窗口风格')
horizontalLayout = QHBoxLayout()
self.styleLabel = QLabel('设置窗口风格：')
self.styleComboBox = QComboBox()
self.styleComboBox.addItems(QStyleFactory.keys())
# 获取当前窗口的风格
print(QApplication.style().objectName())
index = self.styleComboBox.findText(QApplication.style().objectName(),QtCore.Qt.MatchFixedString)
self.styleComboBox.setCurrentIndex(index)
self.styleComboBox.activated[str].connect(self.handleStyleChanged)
horizontalLayout.addWidget(self.styleLabel)
horizontalLayout.addWidget(self.styleComboBox)
self.setLayout(horizontalLayout)
def handleStyleChanged(self,style):
QApplication.setStyle(style)
if __name__ == "__main__":
app = QApplication(sys.argv)
form = WindowStyle()
form.show()
sys.exit(app.exec_())
设置窗口样式（主要是窗口边框、标题栏以及窗口本身的样式）
'''
设置窗口样式（主要是窗口边框、标题栏以及窗口本身的样式）
'''
from PyQt5.QtCore import *
import sys
from PyQt5.QtWidgets import *
class WindowPattern(QMainWindow):
def __init__(self):
super().__init__()
self.resize(500,260)
self.setWindowTitle('设置窗口的样式')
self.setWindowFlags(Qt.WindowMaximizeButtonHint | Qt.WindowStaysOnTopHint )
self.setObjectName("MainWindow")
self.setStyleSheet("#MainWindow{border-image:url(images/python.jpg);}")
if __name__ == "__main__":
app = QApplication(sys.argv)
form = WindowPattern()
form.show()
sys.exit(app.exec_())
用代码控制窗口的最大化和最小化
'''
用代码控制窗口的最大化和最小化
'''
import sys
from PyQt5.QtWidgets import *
from PyQt5.QtCore import *
### 自定义窗口类
class WindowMaxMin(QWidget):
### 构造函数
def __init__(self, parent=None):
'''构造函数'''
# 调用父类构造函数
super(WindowMaxMin, self).__init__(parent)
self.resize(300,400)
self.setWindowTitle("用代码控制窗口的最大化和最小化")
self.setWindowFlags(Qt.WindowMaximizeButtonHint)
layout = QVBoxLayout()
maxButton1 = QPushButton()
maxButton1.setText('窗口最大化1')
maxButton1.clicked.connect(self.maximized1)
maxButton2 = QPushButton()
maxButton2.setText('窗口最大化2')
maxButton2.clicked.connect(self.showMaximized)
minButton = QPushButton()
minButton.setText('窗口最小化')
minButton.clicked.connect(self.showMinimized)
layout.addWidget(maxButton1)
layout.addWidget(maxButton2)
layout.addWidget(minButton)
self.setLayout(layout)
def maximized1(self):
desktop = QApplication.desktop()
# 获取桌面可用尺寸
rect = desktop.availableGeometry()
self.setGeometry(rect)
if __name__ == "__main__":
app = QApplication(sys.argv)
window = WindowMaxMin()
window.show()
# 应用程序事件循环
sys.exit(app.exec_())
项目实战：实现绘图应用
'''
项目实战：实现绘图应用
需要解决3个核心内容
1. 如何绘图
在paintEvent方法中绘图，通过调用update方法触发painEvent的调用
2. 在哪里绘图
在白色背景的QPixmap对象中绘图
3. 如何通过移动鼠标进行绘图
鼠标拥有3个事件：
（1）鼠标按下：mousePressEvent
（2）鼠标移动：mouseMoveEvent
（3）鼠标抬起：mouseReleaseEvent
'''
import sys
from PyQt5.QtWidgets import QApplication, QWidget
from PyQt5.QtGui import QPainter, QPixmap
from PyQt5.QtCore import Qt, QPoint
class Drawing(QWidget):
def __init__(self, parent=None):
super(Drawing, self).__init__(parent)
self.setWindowTitle("绘图应用")
self.pix = QPixmap()
self.lastPoint = QPoint()
self.endPoint = QPoint()
self.initUi()
def initUi(self):
self.resize(600, 600)
# 画布大小为400*400，背景为白色
self.pix = QPixmap(600, 600)
self.pix.fill(Qt.white)
def paintEvent(self, event):
pp = QPainter(self.pix)
# 根据鼠标指针前后两个位置绘制直线
pp.drawLine(self.lastPoint, self.endPoint)
# 让前一个坐标值等于后一个坐标值，
# 这样就能实现画出连续的线
self.lastPoint = self.endPoint
painter = QPainter(self)
painter.drawPixmap(0, 0, self.pix)
def mousePressEvent(self, event):
if event.button() == Qt.LeftButton:
self.lastPoint = event.pos()
def mouseMoveEvent(self, event):
if event.buttons() and Qt.LeftButton:
self.endPoint = event.pos()
self.update()
def mouseReleaseEvent(self, event):
# 鼠标左键释放
if event.button() == Qt.LeftButton:
self.endPoint = event.pos()
# 进行重新绘制
self.update()
if __name__ == "__main__":
app = QApplication(sys.argv)
form = Drawing()
form.show()
sys.exit(app.exec_())
QSS基础
'''
QSS基础
QSS（Qt Style Sheets）
Qt样式表
用于设置控件的样式
CSS
'''
from PyQt5.QtWidgets import *
import sys
class BasicQSS(QWidget):
def __init__(self):
super().__init__()
self.setWindowTitle("QSS样式")
btn1 = QPushButton(self)
btn1.setText("按钮1")
btn2 = QPushButton(self)
btn2.setText("按钮2")
btn3 = QPushButton(self)
btn3.setText("按钮3")
vbox = QVBoxLayout()
vbox.addWidget(btn1)
vbox.addWidget(btn2)
vbox.addWidget(btn3)
self.setLayout(vbox)
if __name__ == "__main__":
app = QApplication(sys.argv)
form = BasicQSS()
# 选择器
qssStyle = '''
QPushButton {
background-color:red
}
'''
form.setStyleSheet(qssStyle)
form.show()
sys.exit(app.exec_())
QDarkStyleSheet样式
'''
使用QSS选择器设置控件样式
'''
from PyQt5.QtWidgets import *
import sys
import qdarkstyle
class QSSSelector(QWidget):
def __init__(self):
super().__init__()
self.setWindowTitle("QSS样式")
btn1 = QPushButton(self)
btn1.setText("按钮1")
btn2 = QPushButton(self)
btn2.setProperty('name','btn2')
btn2.setText("按钮2")
btn3 = QPushButton(self)
btn3.setProperty('name','btn3')
btn3.setText("按钮3")
vbox = QVBoxLayout()
vbox.addWidget(btn1)
vbox.addWidget(btn2)
vbox.addWidget(btn3)
self.setLayout(vbox)
if __name__ == "__main__":
app = QApplication(sys.argv)
form = QSSSelector()
# 选择器
qssStyle = '''
QPushButton[name="btn2"] {
background-color:red;
color:yellow;
height:120;
font-size:60px;
}
QPushButton[name="btn3"] {
background-color:blue;
color:yellow;
height:60;
font-size:30px;
}
'''
#form.setStyleSheet(qssStyle)
form.setStyleSheet(qdarkstyle.load_stylesheet_pyqt5())
form.show()
sys.exit(app.exec_())
QSS子控件选择器
'''
QSS子控件选择器
QComboBox
'''
from PyQt5.QtWidgets import *
import sys
class QSSSubControl(QWidget):
def __init__(self):
super().__init__()
self.setWindowTitle("QSS子控件选择器")
combo = QComboBox(self)
combo.setObjectName("myComboBox")
combo.addItem("Window")
combo.addItem("Linux")
combo.addItem("Mac OS X")
combo.move(50,50)
self.setGeometry(250,200,320,150)
if __name__ == "__main__":
app = QApplication(sys.argv)
form = QSSSubControl()
qssStyle = '''
QComboBox#myComboBox::drop-down {
image:url(./images/dropdown.png)
}
'''
form.setStyleSheet(qssStyle)
form.show()
sys.exit(app.exec_())
设置背景色和背景图-QSS、QPalette
'''
使用多种方式设置窗口背景色和背景图片
1. QSS
2. QPalette
3. 直接绘制
'''
import sys
from PyQt5.QtWidgets import *
from PyQt5.QtGui import *
from PyQt5.QtCore import *
app = QApplication(sys.argv)
win = QMainWindow()
win.setWindowTitle("背景图片")
win.resize(350,250)
win.setObjectName("MainWindow")
'''
# 通过QSS动态修改窗口的背景颜色和背景图片
win.setStyleSheet("#MainWindow{border-image:url(./images/python.jpg);}")
win.setStyleSheet("#MainWindow{background-color:yellow}")
'''
win.setStyleSheet("#MainWindow{border-image:url(./images/python.jpg);}")
# 通过QPalette设置背景图片和背景颜色
#palette = QPalette()
#palette.setBrush(QPalette.Background,QBrush(QPixmap("./images/python.jpg")))
#palette.setColor(QPalette.Background,Qt.red)
#win.setPalette(palette)
win.show()
sys.exit(app.exec())
设置背景色和背景图-直接绘制
'''
使用多种方式设置窗口背景色和背景图片
1. QSS
2. QPalette
3. 直接绘制
'''
import sys
from PyQt5.QtWidgets import *
from PyQt5.QtGui import *
from PyQt5.QtCore import *
class Background2(QWidget):
def __init__(self):
super().__init__()
self.setWindowTitle("绘制背景图片")
def paintEvent(self, event):
painter = QPainter(self)
pixmap = QPixmap('./images/screen1.jpg')
painter.drawPixmap(self.rect(),pixmap)
if __name__ == "__main__":
app = QApplication(sys.argv)
form = Background2()
form.show()
sys.exit(app.exec_())
实现不规则窗口（异形窗口）
'''
实现不规则窗口（异形窗口）
通过mask实现异形窗口
需要一张透明的png图，透明部分被扣出，形成一个非矩形的区域
移动和关闭不规则窗口
'''
import sys
from PyQt5.QtWidgets import *
from PyQt5.QtGui import *
from PyQt5.QtCore import *
class AbnormityWindow(QWidget):
def __init__(self):
super().__init__()
self.setWindowTitle("异形窗口")
self.pix = QBitmap('./images/mask.png')
self.resize(self.pix.size())
self.setMask(self.pix)
def mousePressEvent(self, event):
if event.button() == Qt.LeftButton:
self.m_drag = True
self.m_DragPosition = event.globalPos() - self.pos()
self.setCursor(QCursor(Qt.OpenHandCursor))
print(event.globalPos()) #
print(event.pos())
print(self.pos())
if event.button() == Qt.RightButton:
self.close()
def mouseMoveEvent(self, QMouseEvent):
if Qt.LeftButton and self.m_drag:
# 当左键移动窗体修改偏移值
# QPoint
# 实时计算窗口左上角坐标
self.move(QMouseEvent.globalPos() - self.m_DragPosition)
def mouseReleaseEvent(self, QMouseEvent):
self.m_drag = False
self.setCursor(QCursor(Qt.ArrowCursor))
def paintEvent(self, event):
painter = QPainter(self)
painter.drawPixmap(0,0,self.pix.width(),self.pix.height(),QPixmap('./images/screen1.jpg'))
if __name__ == "__main__":
app = QApplication(sys.argv)
form = AbnormityWindow()
form.show()
sys.exit(app.exec_())
窗体的动画实现
'''
不规则窗体的动画实现
'''
import sys
from PyQt5.QtWidgets import QApplication, QWidget
from PyQt5.QtGui import QPixmap, QPainter, QCursor
from PyQt5.QtCore import Qt, QTimer
class AnimationWindows(QWidget):
def __init__(self, parent=None):
super(AnimationWindows, self).__init__(parent)
self.i = 1
self.mypix()
self.timer = QTimer()
self.timer.setInterval(500) # 500毫秒
self.timer.timeout.connect(self.timeChange)
self.timer.start()
# 显示不规则 pic
def mypix(self):
self.update()
if self.i == 5:
self.i = 1
self.mypic = {1: './images/left.png', 2: "./images/up.png", 3: './images/right.png', 4: './images/down.png'}
self.pix = QPixmap(self.mypic[self.i])
self.resize(self.pix.size())
self.setMask(self.pix.mask())
self.dragPosition = None
def mousePressEvent(self, event):
if event.button() == Qt.LeftButton:
self.m_drag = True
self.m_DragPosition = event.globalPos() - self.pos()
self.setCursor(QCursor(Qt.OpenHandCursor))
def mouseMoveEvent(self, QMouseEvent):
if Qt.LeftButton and self.m_drag:
self.move(QMouseEvent.globalPos() - self.m_DragPosition)
def mouseReleaseEvent(self, QMouseEvent):
self.m_drag = False
self.setCursor(QCursor(Qt.ArrowCursor))
def paintEvent(self, event):
painter = QPainter(self)
painter.drawPixmap(0, 0, self.pix.width(), self.pix.height(), self.pix)
# 鼠标双击事件
def mouseDoubleClickEvent(self, event):
if event.button() == 1:
self.i += 1
self.mypix()
# 每500毫秒修改paint
def timeChange(self):
self.i += 1
self.mypix()
if __name__ == '__main__':
app = QApplication(sys.argv)
form = AnimationWindows()
form.show()
sys.exit(app.exec_())
用动画效果改变窗口尺寸
'''
用动画效果改变窗口尺寸
QPropertyAnimation
'''
from PyQt5.QtGui import *
from PyQt5.QtCore import *
from PyQt5.QtWidgets import *
import sys
class AnimWindow(QWidget):
def __init__(self):
super(AnimWindow, self).__init__()
self.OrigHeight = 50
self.ChangeHeight = 150
self.setGeometry(QRect(500, 400, 150, self.OrigHeight))
self.btn = QPushButton('展开', self)
self.btn.setGeometry(10, 10, 60, 35)
self.btn.clicked.connect(self.change)
def change(self):
currentHeight = self.height()
if self.OrigHeight == currentHeight:
startHeight = self.OrigHeight
endHeight = self.ChangeHeight
self.btn.setText('收缩')
else:
startHeight = self.ChangeHeight
endHeight= self.OrigHeight
self.btn.setText('展开')
self.animation = QPropertyAnimation(self,b'geometry')
self.animation.setDuration(500)
self.animation.setStartValue(QRect(500,400,150,startHeight))
self.animation.setEndValue(QRect(500,400,150,endHeight))
self.animation.start()
if __name__ == '__main__':
app = QApplication(sys.argv)
window = AnimWindow()
window.show()
sys.exit(app.exec_())
用动画效果一不同速度移动窗口
'''
用动画效果一不同速度移动窗口
'''
from PyQt5.QtGui import *
from PyQt5.QtCore import *
from PyQt5.QtWidgets import *
import sys
app = QApplication(sys.argv)
window1 = QMainWindow()
window1.show()
window2 = QMainWindow()
window2.show()
animation1 = QPropertyAnimation(window1, b'geometry')
animation2 = QPropertyAnimation(window2, b'geometry')
group = QParallelAnimationGroup() # 并行
group = QSequentialAnimationGroup() # 串行
group.addAnimation(animation1)
group.addAnimation(animation2)
animation1.setDuration(3000)
animation1.setStartValue(QRect(0,0,100,30))
animation1.setEndValue(QRect(250,250,100,30))
animation1.setEasingCurve(QEasingCurve.OutBounce)
animation2.setDuration(4000)
animation2.setStartValue(QRect(250,150,100,30))
animation2.setEndValue(QRect(850,250,100,30))
animation2.setEasingCurve(QEasingCurve.CosineCurve)
group.start()
sys.exit(app.exec())
装载Gif动画
'''
装载Gif动画
QMovie
'''
import sys
from PyQt5.QtWidgets import QApplication, QLabel ,QWidget
from PyQt5.QtCore import Qt
from PyQt5.QtGui import QMovie
class LoadingGif(QWidget):
def __init__(self):
super().__init__()
self.label = QLabel("",self)
self.setFixedSize(128,128)
self.setWindowFlags(Qt.Dialog | Qt.CustomizeWindowHint)
self.movie = QMovie('./images/loading.gif')
self.label.setMovie(self.movie)
self.movie.start()
if __name__ == "__main__":
app = QApplication(sys.argv)
form = LoadingGif()
form.show()
sys.exit(app.exec_())
使用QSS为标签和按钮添加背景图
'''
使用QSS为标签和按钮添加背景图
'''
from PyQt5.QtWidgets import *
import sys
class LabelButtonBackground(QWidget):
def __init__(self):
super().__init__()
label1 = QLabel(self)
label1.setToolTip('这是一个文本标签')
label1.setStyleSheet('QLabel{border-image:url(./images/python.jpg);}')
label1.setFixedWidth(476)
label1.setFixedHeight(259)
btn1 = QPushButton(self)
btn1.setObjectName('btn1')
btn1.setMaximumSize(48,48)
btn1.setMinimumSize(48,48)
style = '''
#btn1{
border-radius:4px;
background-image:url('./images/add.png');
}
#btn1:Pressed {
background-image:url('./images/addhover.png');
}
'''
btn1.setStyleSheet(style)
vbox = QVBoxLayout()
vbox.addWidget(label1)
vbox.addStretch()
vbox.addWidget(btn1)
self.setLayout(vbox)
self.setWindowTitle('使用QSS为标签和按钮添加背景图')
if __name__ == "__main__":
app = QApplication(sys.argv)
form = LabelButtonBackground()
form.show()
sys.exit(app.exec_())
缩放图片
'''
缩放图片
QImage.scaled
'''
from PyQt5.QtWidgets import QApplication, QLabel, QWidget, QVBoxLayout
from PyQt5.QtGui import QImage, QPixmap
from PyQt5.QtCore import Qt
import sys
class ScaleImage(QWidget):
def __init__(self):
super().__init__()
self.setWindowTitle("图片大小缩放例子")
filename = './images/Cloudy_72px.png'
img = QImage(filename)
label1 = QLabel(self)
label1.setFixedWidth(200)
label1.setFixedHeight(200)
result = img.scaled(label1.width(),label1.height(),Qt.IgnoreAspectRatio,Qt.SmoothTransformation)
label1.setPixmap(QPixmap.fromImage(result))
vbox = QVBoxLayout()
vbox.addWidget(label1)
self.setLayout(vbox)
if __name__ == "__main__":
app = QApplication(sys.argv)
win = ScaleImage()
win.show()
sys.exit(app.exec_())
创建透明窗口
'''
创建透明窗口
'''
from PyQt5.Qt import *
import sys
if __name__ == "__main__":
app = QApplication(sys.argv)
win = QMainWindow()
win.setWindowTitle('窗口的透明度设置')
# 0到1，1表示不透明，0表示完全透明
win.setWindowOpacity(0.6)
button = QPushButton('我的按钮',win)
win.resize(400,200)
win.show()
sys.exit(app.exec())
装载QSS文件
'''
装载QSS文件
'''
import sys
from PyQt5.QtWidgets import *
from CommonHelper import CommonHelper
class MainWindow(QMainWindow):
def __init__(self, parent=None):
super(MainWindow, self).__init__(parent)
self.resize(477, 258)
self.setWindowTitle("加载QSS文件")
btn = QPushButton()
btn.setText('装载QSS文件')
btn.setToolTip('提示文本')
vbox = QVBoxLayout()
vbox.addWidget(btn)
btn.clicked.connect(self.onClick)
self.setLayout(vbox)
widget = QWidget(self)
self.setCentralWidget(widget)
widget.setLayout(vbox)
def onClick(self):
styleFile = './style.qss'
qssStyle = CommonHelper.readQSS(styleFile)
win.setStyleSheet(qssStyle)
if __name__ == "__main__":
app = QApplication(sys.argv)
win = MainWindow()
win.show()
sys.exit(app.exec_())style.qss
QMainWindow{
border-image:url(./images/python.jpg);
}
QToolTip {
border:1px solid rgb(45,45,45);
background:white;
color:red
}CommonHelper.py
class CommonHelper:
@staticmethod
def readQSS(style):
with open(style,'r') as f:
return f.read()
