Django框架创建

python搭建虚拟环境

Virtualenv方式

安装virtualenv

pip install virtualenv

进入自己想要创建虚拟环境的目录(以E盘MyDjangoProject为例)

cd E:/MyDjangoProject

创建虚拟环境(以创建Envs为例)

virtualenv Envs # 默认
virtualenv -p /user/administrator/python35 Envs # 指定python解释器

启动/退出虚拟环境

cd Envs/Scripts
activate.bat # 启动
deactivate.bat # 退出

删除虚拟环境(实际上是删除目录)

rd /s Envs

也可以用mkvirtualenv(可能会默认创建在C盘某个地方)

mkvirtualenv Envs # 创建
rmvirtualenv Envs # 删除
workon Envs # 启动虚拟环境
deactivate # 退出虚拟环境

pip list # 显示虚拟环境下所有的包

安装django

pip install django # pip安装(要联网)

创建项目

django-admin startproject test2 
cd test2

Django项目结构图

创建应用(以booktest为例)

python manage.py startapp booktest

应用结构图

创建模型

# booktest/models.py
from django.db import models #数据库模块

# Create your models here.
class BookInfo(models.Model): #继承Model类
    title = models.CharField(max_length=20) #字符串类型
    pub_date = models.DateField()    #日期类型
    def __str__(self):
        return self.title
class HeroInfo(models.Model):
    name = models.CharField(max_length=10)
    content = models.CharField(max_length=100)
    gender = models.BooleanField(default=True)
    book = models.ForeignKey(BookInfo, on_delete=models.CASCADE) #外键
    def __str__(self):
        return self.name

settings.py添加app

生成迁移文件

python manage.py makemigrations

迁移在数据库中创建表

python manage.py migrate

附: 用shell操作(相当于用cmd运行代码)

python manage.py shell

数据操作命令

# 创建
book = BookInfo()
book.*** = ***
book.save()
# 修改
book = BookInfo.objects.get(id=***)
book.*** = ***
book.save()
# 删除
book.delete()
# 查询
BookInfo.objects.all()
BOokInfo.objects.get(id=***)

创建超级管理员

python manage.py createsuperuser

运行

python manage.py runserver

在浏览器地址栏输入 127.0.0.1:8000/admin

改变语言和时区

#LANGUAGE_CODE = 'en-us'
LANGUAGE_CODE = 'zh-Hans'

#TIME_ZONE = 'UTC'
TIME_ZONE = 'Asia/Shanghai'

admin注册模型类

# booktest/admin.py
class BookInfoAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
    list_display = ('id', 'title', 'pub_date')

class HeroInfoAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
    list_display = ('id', 'name', 'content', 'gender', 'book')
admin.site.register(BookInfo, BookInfoAdmin)
admin.site.register(HeroInfo, HeroInfoAdmin)

views创建视图类

from django.shortcuts import render
from django.http import HttpResponse
from booktest.models import *
# Create your views here.
def index(request):
    # return HttpResponse('<h1>hello world</h1>')
    list = BookInfo.objects.all()
    context = {'booklist':list}
    return render(request, 'booktest/index.html', context=context)

def detail(request, id):
    list = BookInfo.objects.get(id=id).heroinfo_set.all()
    context = {'herolist':list}
    return render(request, 'booktest/detail.html', context=context)

test2/urls.py配置urlpatterns

from django.contrib import admin
from django.urls import path, include
# from django.conf.urls import url, include
urlpatterns = (
    # url(r'^admin/', include(admin.site.urls)) 旧版本
    path('admin/', admin.site.urls),   # 新版本
    # url(r'^', include('booktest.urls'))
    path('', include('booktest.urls')),
)

booktest/urls.py配置urlpatterns

from booktest.views import *
from django.urls import path, re_path
urlpatterns = [
    # url('^index/$', index)
    path('index/', index),
    # url('^(d+)$', detail)
    re_path('(?P<id>d+)/', detail),
]

配置模版目录

templates目录下创建html文件

index.html

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
{#<h3>{{ content }}</h3>#}
<ul>
{% for book in booklist %}
    <li><a href="/{{ book.id }}/">{{  book.title}}</a></li>
{% endfor %}
</ul>
</body>
</html>

detail.html

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>英雄列表</title>
</head>
<body>
    <ul>
    {% for hero in herolist %}
        <li>{{ hero.name }}</li>
    {% endfor %}
    </ul>
</body>
</html>