环境：oracle12c
执行恢复
数据库打开条件
1)所有控制文件存在并且一致性
2)所有数据文件(ONLINE状态)存在并且一致性
3)每个重做日志组至少有一个成员是存在
DRA Data Recovery Advisor 列出故障、提供修复的建议、执行修复
常见的故障恢复
1、loss of password file --密码文件丢失
rman的不备份的password file [oracle@12c dbs]$ ll $ORACLE_HOME/dbs/orapworcl --密码文件路径 -rw-r-----. 1 oracle oinstall 4096 Jul 6 15:46 /u01/app/oracle/product/12.2.0.1/db_1/dbs/orapworcl [oracle@12c dbs]$ file orapworcl orapworcl: data [oracle@12c dbs]$ rm -vf orapworcl --删除密码文件 [oracle@12c dbs]$ sqlplus / as sysdba --使用os系统认证可以登录OK [oracle@12c dbs]$ sqlplus hr/hr@192.168.95.150:1521/orcl.oracle.com --OK --故障提现，下面方式不能登录 [oracle@12c dbs]$ sqlplus sys/oracle@orcl as sysdba TNS方式 [oracle@12c dbs]$ sqlplus sys/oracle@192.168.95.150:1521/orcl.oracle.com as sysdba ---EZConnection方式 SQL> grant sysdba to hr; grant sysdba to hr * ERROR at line 1: ORA-01994: GRANT failed: password file missing or disabled 通过工具orapwd工具来重新创建密码文件 [oracle@12c dbs]$ which orapwd /u01/app/oracle/product/12.2.0.1/db_1/bin/orapwd [oracle@12c dbs]$ orapwd --help [oracle@12c dbs]$ orapwd file=$ORACLE_HOME/dbs/orapworcl password=yinhe format=12 --format指定12c 用户要多几个比以前版本 [oracle@12c dbs]$ ll orapworcl -rw-r-----. 1 oracle oinstall 2048 Jul 13 16:10 orapworcl [oracle@12c dbs]$ sqlplus sys/yinhe@orcl as sysdba [oracle@12c dbs]$ sqlplus sys/yinhe@192.168.95.150:1521/orcl.oracle.com as sysdba SQL> grant sysdba to hr;
2、loss of a control file --控制文件丢失
控制文件保存在文件系统或者ASM磁盘中 show parameter control_files NAME TYPE VALUE ------------- ------ -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- control_files string /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/control01.ctl, /u02/app/oracle/fast_recovery/ORCL/control02.ctl SELECT value FROM v$parameter2 WHERE name='control_files'; /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/control01.ctl /u02/app/oracle/fast_recovery/ORCL/control02.ctl 模拟丢失一个控制文件 [oracle@12c ORCL]$ rm -vf control02.ctl SQL> shutdown immediate; ORA-00210: cannot open the specified control file ORA-00202: control file: '/u02/app/oracle/fast_recovery/ORCL/control02.ctl' ORA-27041: unable to open file Linux-x86_64 Error: 2: No such file or directory Additional information: 3 SQL> shutdown abort; [oracle@12c dbs]$ sqlplus / as sysdba SQL> startup nomount; SQL> ALTER DATABASE MOUNT; ALTER DATABASE MOUNT * ERROR at line 1: ORA-00205: error in identifying control file, check alert log for more info SQL> SELECT status FROM v$instance; --当前数据库实例处于nomount状态 STATUS ------------ STARTED [oracle@12c trace]$ tail -f alert_orcl.log Linux-x86_64 Error: 2: No such file or directory Additional information: 7 ORA-205 signalled during: ALTER DATABASE MOUNT... 2020-07-13T16:22:48.827023+08:00 Errors in file /u01/app/oracle/diag/rdbms/orcl/orcl/trace/orcl_m000_21661.trc: ORA-00202: control file: '/u02/app/oracle/fast_recovery/ORCL/control02.ctl' ORA-27037: unable to obtain file status Linux-x86_64 Error: 2: No such file or directory [oracle@12c dbs]$ cp /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/control01.ctl /u02/app/oracle/fast_recovery/ORCL/control02.ctl --控制文件多路复用，直接拷贝可用，不用再做恢复 SQL> ALTER DATABASE MOUNT; Database altered. SQL> ALTER DATABASE OPEN; Database altered. [oracle@12c ORCL]$ export NLS_DATE_FORMAT='yyyy-mm-dd hh24:mi:ss' [oracle@12c ORCL]$ echo $NLS_DATE_FORMAT 3)loss of all control file SQL> shutdown abort; sql> startup nomount; RMAN> restore controlfile from '/u02/app/oracle/fast_recovery/ORCL/autobackup/2020_07_13/o1_mf_s_1045667839_hjr2mzpr_.bkp'; --还原以前的文件，和数据库记录不一致，需要recover Starting restore at 2020-07-13 16:35:59 allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1 channel ORA_DISK_1: SID=37 device type=DISK channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring control file channel ORA_DISK_1: restore complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01 output file name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/control01.ctl output file name=/u02/app/oracle/fast_recovery/ORCL/control02.ctl Finished restore at 2020-07-13 16:36:01 RMAN> ALTER DATABASE MOUNT; RMAN> recover database; RMAN> alter database open resetlogs;
4)loss of a redo log file
5)loss of all redo log group file
6)loss of temporary datafile
7)loss of a datafile in noarchivelog mode
8)loss of a noncritical data file in archivelog mode
9)loss of a system-critical data file in archivelog mode
10)loss of a spifle