环境
两个节点：ceph0、ceph1
ceph0: mon.a、mds、mgr、osd.0、osd.1
ceph1: mon.b、osd.2、osd.3
操作系统：ubuntu14.04
网络配置：
ceph1: 管理网络，eth0,192.168.31.100
存储网络，eth1, 172.16.31.100
ceph2: 管理网络，eth0,192.168.31.101
存储网络，eth1, 172.16.31.101
安装
root@:~# wget -q -O- 'https://download.ceph.com/keys/release.asc' | sudo apt-key add -
root@:~# echo deb http://download.ceph.com/debian-luminous/ $(lsb_release -sc) main | sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/ceph.list
root@:~# apt-get update && apt-get upgrade
root@:~# apt-get install ceph-mds ceph
部署mon
两台机器都部署mon: a、b
mon.a
配置：
[global]
max open files = 131072
fsid = a7f64266-0894-4f1e-a635-d0aeaca0e993
auth cluster required = cephx
auth service required = cephx
auth client required = cephx
osd pool default size = 3
osd pool default min size = 2
osd pool default pg num = 1024
osd pool default pgp num = 1024
osd crush chooseleaf type = 1
mon osd full ratio = .95
mon osd nearfull ratio = .85
public network = 192.168.31.0/24
cluster network = 172.168.31.0/24
[mon]
mon initial members = a
mon data = /var/lib/ceph/mon/$cluster-$id
mon allow pool delete = true
[mon.a]
host = ceph0
mon addr = 192.168.31.100:6789
为群集创建密钥环, 并生成monitor secret key：
root@:~# sudo -u ceph ceph-authtool --create-keyring /etc/ceph/ceph.mon.keyring --gen-key -n mon. --cap mon 'allow *'
生成管理员密钥环，生成client.admin用户并将该用户添加到密钥环:
root@:~# sudo -u ceph ceph-authtool --create-keyring /etc/ceph/ceph.client.admin.keyring --gen-key -n client.admin --cap mon 'allow *' --cap osd 'allow *' --cap mds 'allow *' --cap mgr 'allow *'
生成bootstrap-osd密钥环，生成一个client.bootstrap-osd用户并将该用户添加到密钥环:
root@:~# sudo -u ceph ceph-authtool --create-keyring /var/lib/ceph/bootstrap-osd/ceph.keyring --gen-key -n client.bootstrap-osd --cap mon 'profile bootstrap-osd' --cap mgr 'allow r'
将管理员密钥环、bootstrap-osd密钥环添加到ceph.mon.keyring：
root@:~# sudo -u ceph ceph-authtool /etc/ceph/ceph.mon.keyring --import-keyring /etc/ceph/ceph.client.admin.keyring
root@:~# sudo -u ceph ceph-authtool /etc/ceph/ceph.mon.keyring --import-keyring /var/lib/ceph/bootstrap-osd/ceph.keyring
用规划好的主机名、对应IP地址、和 fsid 生成一个monitor map，并保存为 /etc/ceph/monmap:
root@:~# sudo -u ceph monmaptool --create --add a 192.168.31.100 --fsid a7f64266-0894-4f1e-a635-d0aeaca0e993 /etc/ceph/monmap
创建monitor数据目录:
root@:~# sudo -u ceph mkdir /var/lib/ceph/mon/ceph-a
用monitor map和密钥环初始化数据:
root@:~# sudo -u ceph ceph-mon --cluster ceph --mkfs -i a --monmap /etc/ceph/monmap --keyring /etc/ceph/ceph.mon.keyring
启动mon.a:
root@:~# /etc/init.d/ceph start mon.a
mon.b
添加配置，并同步到新节点：
[mon]
mon initial members = a b
[mon.b]
host = ceph1
mon addr = 192.168.31.101:6789
/etc/ceph/monmap /etc/ceph/ceph.client.admin.keyring /etc/ceph/ceph.mon.keyring 也一起同步到新节点
获取集群已有的mon.keyring：
root@:~# sudo -u ceph ceph auth get mon. -o /tmp/mon.keyring
获取集群已有的mon.map：
root@:~# sudo -u ceph ceph mon get map -o /tmp/mon.map
将/tmp/mon.keyring、/tmp/mon.map同步到新节点
新节点创建mon目录：
root@:~# sudo -u ceph mkdir /var/lib/ceph/mon/ceph-b
用monitor map和密钥环初始化新节点mon数据：
root@:~# sudo -u ceph ceph-mon --cluster ceph --mkfs -i b --monmap /tmp/mon.map --keyring /tmp/mon.keyring
#或者
root@:~# sudo -u ceph ceph-mon --cluster ceph --mkfs -i b --monmap /etc/ceph/monmap --keyring /etc/ceph/ceph.mon.keyring
启动新节点：
root@:~# /etc/init.d/ceph start mon.b
查看：
root@:~# ceph -s
services:
mon: 2 daemons, quorum a,b
部署OSD
配置：
[osd.0]
host = ceph0
devs = /dev/sdb1
public addr = 192.168.31.100
cluster addr = 172.16.31.100
[osd.1]
host = ceph0
devs = /dev/sdc1
public addr = 192.168.31.100
cluster addr = 172.16.31.100
[osd.2]
host = ceph1
devs = /dev/sdb1
public addr = 192.168.31.101
cluster addr = 172.16.31.101
[osd.3]
host = ceph1
devs = /dev/sdc1
public addr = 192.168.31.101
cluster addr = 172.16.31.101
将配置文件同步到各个OSD节点，同时需要同步：
/etc/ceph/ceph.client.admin.keyring
/var/lib/ceph/bootstrap-osd/ceph.keyring
/etc/ceph/ceph.mon.keyring
方法一：
每个节点都xfs格式化好硬盘并挂载并挂载到对应的OSD目录
root@ceph0:~# mkfs.xfs /dev/sdb1
root@ceph0:~# mkfs.xfs /dev/sdc1
root@ceph0:~# mkdir -p /var/lib/ceph/osd/ceph-0/
root@ceph0:~# mkdir -p /var/lib/ceph/osd/ceph-1/
root@ceph0:~# mount /dev/sdb1 /var/lib/ceph/osd/ceph-0/
root@ceph0:~# mount /dev/sdc1 /var/lib/ceph/osd/ceph-1/
部署osd.0
ps：无论osd在哪个节点上，ceph osd create都要在mon所在服务器上执行
root@ceph0:~# ceph osd create
root@ceph0:~# ceph-osd -i 0 --mkfs --mkkey
root@ceph0:~# ceph auth add osd.0 osd 'allow *' mon 'allow rwx' -i /var/lib/ceph/osd/ceph-0/keyring
root@ceph0:~# ceph osd crush add osd.0 0.2 root=default host=ceph1
root@ceph0:~# ceph-osd -i 0
同理部署其他osd
ps: 不同服务器时，需先复制ceph.conf到对应服务器上
root@ceph0:~# ceph osd tree
ID WEIGHT TYPE NAME UP/DOWN REWEIGHT PRIMARY-AFFINITY
-1 0.79999 root default
-2 0.39999 host ceph1
0 0.20000 osd.0 up 1.00000 1.00000
1 0.20000 osd.1 up 1.00000 1.00000
-3 0.39999 host ceph2
2 0.20000 osd.2 up 1.00000 1.00000
3 0.20000 osd.3 up 1.00000 1.00000
方法二：
方法二直接参考自官网：https://docs.ceph.com/docs/master/install/manual-deployment/
为OSD生成UUID：
root@ceph0:~# UUID=$(uuidgen)
为OSD生成一个cephx密钥：
root@ceph0:~# OSD_SECRET=$(ceph-authtool --gen-print-key)
创建OSD：
root@ceph0:~# ID=$(echo "{"cephx_secret": "$OSD_SECRET"}" |
ceph osd new $UUID -i -
-n client.bootstrap-osd -k /var/lib/ceph/bootstrap-osd/ceph.keyring)
创建OSD数据目录，并格式化挂载设备到数据目录
root@ceph0:~# mkdir /var/lib/ceph/osd/ceph-$ID
root@ceph0:~# mkfs.xfs /dev/${DEV}
root@ceph0:~# mount /dev/${DEV} /var/lib/ceph/osd/ceph-$ID
将秘钥写入OSD keyring文件：
root@ceph0:~# ceph-authtool --create-keyring /var/lib/ceph/osd/ceph-$ID/keyring
--name osd.$ID --add-key $OSD_SECRET
初始化OSD数据目录
root@ceph0:~# ceph-osd -i $ID --mkfs --osd-uuid $UUID
root@ceph0:~# chown -R ceph:ceph /var/lib/ceph/osd/ceph-$ID
启动OSD：
root@ceph0:~# ceph-osd -i $ID #或者：/etc/init.d/ceph start osd.$ID
查看：
root@ceph0:~# ceph osd tree
ID CLASS WEIGHT TYPE NAME STATUS REWEIGHT PRI-AFF
-1 0.34639 root default
-2 0.24879 host ceph0
0 hdd 0.20000 osd.0 up 1.00000 1.00000
1 hdd 0.04880 osd.1 up 1.00000 1.00000
-5 0.09760 host ceph1
2 hdd 0.04880 osd.2 up 1.00000 1.00000
3 hdd 0.04880 osd.3 up 1.00000 1.00000
OSD应用：
创建存储池：
root@ceph0:~# rados mkpool database_pool
在该存储池里新建镜像：
root@ceph0r:~# rbd create database_pool/db0 --size 4096 --image-feature layering
映射到块设备中：
root@ceph0ter:~# rbd map database_pool/db0
/dev/rbd0
root@ceph0:~# rbd showmapped
id pool image snap device
0 database_pool db0 - /dev/rbd0
格式化并挂载：
root@ceph0:~# mkfs.xfs /dev/rbd0
root@ceph0:~# mount /dev/rbd0 /rbdfs
部署mgr
配置：
[mgr]
mgr modules = dashboard balancer
mgr data = /var/lib/ceph/mgr/$cluster-$id
创建mgr数据目录：
root@:~# sudo -u ceph mkdir -p /var/lib/ceph/mgr/ceph-m/
create an authentication key for your daemon:
root@:~# sudo -u ceph ceph auth get-or-create mgr.m mon 'allow profile mgr' osd 'allow *' mds 'allow *' > /var/lib/ceph/mgr/ceph-m/keyring
启动mgr:
root@:~# ceph-mgr --cluster ceph -i m
列出mgr module
root@:~# ceph mgr module ls
{
"enabled_modules": [
"balancer",
"restful",
"status"
],
"disabled_modules": [
"dashboard",
"influx",
"localpool",
"prometheus",
"selftest",
"zabbix"
]
}
启用dashboard
root@:~# ceph mgr module enable dashboard
列出由mgr模块提供的服务endpoint
root@:~# ceph mgr services
{
"dashboard": "http://ceph0:7000/"
}
部署mds
配置：
[mds.m]
host = ceph0
创建mgs数据目录：
root@:~# sudo -u ceph mkdir -p /var/lib/ceph/mds/ceph-m/
创建秘钥环：
root@:~# ceph-authtool --create-keyring /var/lib/ceph/mds/ceph-m/keyring --gen-key -n mds.m
导入秘钥环：
root@:~# ceph auth add mds.m osd "allow rwx" mds "allow" mon "allow profile mds" -i /var/lib/ceph/mds/ceph-m/keyring
启动mds:
root@:~# ceph-mds --cluster ceph -i m -m 192.168.31.100:6789
cephfs应用：
新建cephfs：
root@ceph0:~# ceph osd pool create cephfs_data 64
root@ceph0:~# ceph osd pool create cephfs_m 16
root@ceph0:~# ceph fs new mycephfs cephfs_m cephfs_data
root@ceph0:~# ceph fs ls
name: mycephfs, metadata pool: cephfs_m, data pools: [cephfs_data ]
挂载：
root@ceph0:~# mount -t ceph 192.168.31.100:6789:/ /cephfs/ -o name=admin,secret=$(cat /etc/ceph/ceph.client.admin.keyring | grep -A1 "[client.admin]" | awk -F"[ =]+" '/key/{print $2}')
因为开启了cephx认证，所以mount需要添加-o name=admin,secret=xxxx进行认证，否者直接挂载会报如下错误：
root@ceph0:~# mount -t ceph 192.168.31.100:6789:/ /cephfs/
mount error 22 = Invalid argument
root@ceph0:~# dmesg | tail
[346660.559547] libceph: error -22 on auth protocol 2 init
[346660.560991] libceph: client24278 fsid a7f64266-0894-4f1e-a635-d0aeaca0e993
一些报错的解决
rbd: map failed: (110) Connection timed out：
root@ceph0:~# rbd map database-pool/db1
rbd: sysfs write failed
In some cases useful info is found in syslog - try "dmesg | tail".
rbd: map failed: (110) Connection timed out
root@ceph0:~# dmesg | tail
[343915.358184] libceph: mon1 192.168.31.101:6789 feature set mismatch, my 106b84a842a42 < server's 40106b84a842a42, missing 400000000000000
[343915.363139] libceph: mon1 192.168.31.101:6789 missing required protocol features
解决：
root@ceph0:~# ceph osd pool set database-pool hashpspool false --yes-i-really-mean-it
set pool 3 hashpspool to false
root@ceph0:~#
root@ceph0:~# rbd map database-pool/db1
/dev/rbd0
参考链接：http://cephnotes.ksperis.com/blog/2014/01/21/feature-set-mismatch-error-on-ceph-kernel-client
另一种解决方式，用nbd:
root@ceph0:~# apt-get install rbd-nbd
root@ceph0:~# rbd-nbd map db_pool/db0
/dev/nbd0
参考链接：
https://blog.csdn.net/ygtlovezf/article/details/79107755
https://www.jianshu.com/p/bb9d14bd897c